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Temperate coniferous forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or [[montane]] areas. Many species of trees inhabit these forests including [[pine]], [[cedrus|cedar]], [[fir]], and [[redwood]]. The understory also contains a wide variety of herbaceous and shrub species. Temperate coniferous forests sustain the highest levels of [[biomass]] in any terrestrial ecosystem and are notable for trees of massive proportions in [[temperate rainforest]] regions.<ref name=wwf/> | Temperate coniferous forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or [[montane]] areas. Many species of trees inhabit these forests including [[pine]], [[cedrus|cedar]], [[fir]], and [[redwood]]. The understory also contains a wide variety of herbaceous and shrub species. Temperate coniferous forests sustain the highest levels of [[biomass]] in any terrestrial ecosystem and are notable for trees of massive proportions in [[temperate rainforest]] regions.<ref name=wwf/> | ||
Structurally, these forests are rather simple, consisting of 2 layers generally: an [[overstory]] and [[understory]]. However, some forests may support a layer of [[shrub]]s. Pine forests support an herbaceous ground layer that may be dominated by [[ | Structurally, these forests are rather simple, consisting of 2 layers generally: an [[overstory]] and [[understory]]. However, some forests may support a layer of [[shrub]]s. Pine forests support an herbaceous ground layer that may be dominated by [[Graminoid|grasses]] and [[forb]]s that lend themselves to ecologically important [[wildfire]]s. In contrast, the moist conditions found in temperate rain forests favor the dominance by [[fern]]s and some forbs.<ref name=wwf/> | ||
[[Image: Las sosnowy swiezy02.jpg|thumb|A [[pine]] forest is an example of a temperate coniferous forest]] | [[Image: Las sosnowy swiezy02.jpg|thumb|A [[pine]] forest is an example of a temperate coniferous forest]] | ||
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| publisher = Backcountry Press | | publisher = Backcountry Press | ||
| isbn = 978-0-578-09416-8 }}</ref> | | isbn = 978-0-578-09416-8 }}</ref> | ||
There are small, temperate conifer forests in New Zealand.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Howard M |date=1999-05-17 |title=Stand dynamics of Dacrydium cupressinum dominated forest on glacial terraces, south Westland, New Zealand |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112798004733 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |volume=117 |issue=1 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00473-3 |bibcode=1999ForEM.117..111R |issn=0378-1127|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McGlone |first1=Matt S. |last2=Richardson |first2=Sarah J. |last3=Burge |first3=Olivia R. |last4=Perry |first4=George L. W. |last5=Wilmshurst |first5=Janet M. |date=2017-11-16 |title=Palynology and the Ecology of the New Zealand Conifers |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |language=English |volume=5 |article-number=94 |doi=10.3389/feart.2017.00094 |bibcode=2017FrEaS...5...94M |doi-access=free |issn=2296-6463}}</ref> | |||
==Ecoregions== | ==Ecoregions== | ||
{{gallery|align=center|mode=packed|height=168 | |||
|Bor lowland typical forest.jpg|[[Carpathian]] montane conifer forest, [[Slovakia]] | |||
|Zyllnhardgeräumt GO-3.jpg|Forest south of [[Munich]] | |||
|Cedrus deodara Manali 2.jpg|''[[Cedrus deodara]]'' in the [[Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests]] | |||
|Petroglyphs Forest.JPG|A temperate coniferous forest ecosystem in [[Petroglyphs Provincial Park]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]] | |||
}} | |||
===Eurasia=== | ===Eurasia=== | ||
{{Paleartic temperate coniferous forests}} | {{Paleartic temperate coniferous forests}} | ||
{{Indomalayan temperate coniferous forest ecoregions}} | |||
{{Indomalayan temperate coniferous | |||
===North America=== | ===North America=== | ||
{{Nearctic temperate coniferous forest ecoregions}} | |||
{ | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 149: | Line 48: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{commons | *{{commons-inline}} | ||
*[http://www.barrameda.com.ar/ecology/temperate-forest.htm Temperate forest] | *[http://www.barrameda.com.ar/ecology/temperate-forest.htm Temperate forest] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:28, 7 October 2025
Temperate coniferous forest is a terrestrial biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature. Temperate coniferous forests are found predominantly in areas with warm summers and cool winters, and vary in their kinds of plant life. In some, needleleaf trees dominate, while others are home primarily to broadleaf evergreen trees or a mix of both tree types.[1] A separate habitat type, the tropical coniferous forests, occurs in more tropical climates.
Temperate coniferous forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or montane areas. Many species of trees inhabit these forests including pine, cedar, fir, and redwood. The understory also contains a wide variety of herbaceous and shrub species. Temperate coniferous forests sustain the highest levels of biomass in any terrestrial ecosystem and are notable for trees of massive proportions in temperate rainforest regions.[1]
Structurally, these forests are rather simple, consisting of 2 layers generally: an overstory and understory. However, some forests may support a layer of shrubs. Pine forests support an herbaceous ground layer that may be dominated by grasses and forbs that lend themselves to ecologically important wildfires. In contrast, the moist conditions found in temperate rain forests favor the dominance by ferns and some forbs.[1]
Forest communities dominated by huge trees (e.g., giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron gigantea; redwood, Sequoia sempervirens), unusual ecological phenomena, occur in western North America, southwestern South America, as well as in the Australasian region in such areas as southeastern Australia and northern New Zealand.[1]
The Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion of western North America harbors diverse and unusual assemblages and displays notable endemism for a number of plant and animal taxa.[1][2]
There are small, temperate conifer forests in New Zealand.[3][4]
Ecoregions[edit | edit source]
-
Carpathian montane conifer forest, Slovakia -
Forest south of Munich -
-
Eurasia[edit | edit source]
Template:Paleartic temperate coniferous forests Template:Indomalayan temperate coniferous forest ecoregions
North America[edit | edit source]
Template:Nearctic temperate coniferous forest ecoregions
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license. World Wide Fund for Nature. "Temperate Coniferous Forest Ecoregions". Archived from the original on 2011-01-02.
- ↑ Kauffmann, Michael (2012). Conifer Country. Kneeland: Backcountry Press. ISBN 978-0-578-09416-8.
- ↑ Rogers, Howard M (1999-05-17). "Stand dynamics of Dacrydium cupressinum dominated forest on glacial terraces, south Westland, New Zealand". Forest Ecology and Management. 117 (1): 111–128. Bibcode:1999ForEM.117..111R. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00473-3. ISSN 0378-1127.
- ↑ McGlone, Matt S.; Richardson, Sarah J.; Burge, Olivia R.; Perry, George L. W.; Wilmshurst, Janet M. (2017-11-16). "Palynology and the Ecology of the New Zealand Conifers". Frontiers in Earth Science. 5 94. Bibcode:2017FrEaS...5...94M. doi:10.3389/feart.2017.00094. ISSN 2296-6463.
- Waring, Richard H (2002). "Temperate coniferous forest" (PDF). Volume 2, The Earth system: biological and ecological dimensions of global environmental change. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 560–565. Retrieved April 18, 2012.