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'''Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan''' or '''Ilamtiraiyan''' | '''Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan''' or '''Ilamtiraiyan''' was a ruler of [[Kanchipuram]] and a contemporary of the [[Early Chola]] king, [[Karikala]].{{sfn|Iyengar|1995|p=397}}{{sfn|Sastri|1961|p=126}} He is traditionally regarded as the founder of the [[Pallava dynasty]].{{sfn|Ramaswamy|2007|p=80}} {{Request quotation|date=August 2020}}Ilandiraiyan is referred to in the literature of the [[Sangam period]] and is the hero of some of the poems in the [[Pathupattu]]. He was a poet himself and four of his songs are extant even today.{{sfn|Sastri|1961|p=126}} He ruled from [[Tondaimandalam]] and was known as 'Tondaman'.{{sfn|Ramaswamy|2007|p=80}} According to historian [[S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar|S. Krishnaswami Aiyengar]], the Pallavas were natives of Tondaimandalam and the name Pallava is identical with the word Tondaiyar.<ref>{{cite book|title=Kāñcīpuram in early South Indian history|author=T. V. Mahalingam|publisher=Asia Pub. House, 1969|page=22}}</ref> | ||
Scholar M. Arokiaswami identifies Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan with king Adondai Chakravarthi, the legendary figure who is referred to in the ''[[Colin Mackenzie|Mackenzie Manuscripts]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History|author=M. Arokiaswami|publisher=Amudha Nilayam|page=72|year=1954}}</ref> | |||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
According to the Sangam epic [[Manimekalai]], a son was born to the Chola king Killi and the naga princess Pilivalai, the daughter of king Valaivanan of [[ | According to the Sangam epic [[Manimekalai]], a son was born to the Chola king Killi and the naga princess Pilivalai of Jaffna, the daughter of king Valaivanan of [[Jaffna Peninsula|Manipallavam]]. When the boy grew up the princess wanted to send her son to the Chola kingdom. So she entrusted the prince to a merchant who dealt in woolen blankets called Kambala Chetty when his ship stopped in the island of Manipallavam. During the voyage to the Chola kingdom, the ship was wrecked due to rough weather and the boy was lost. He was later found washed ashore with a Tondai twig (creeper) around his leg. So he came to be called Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan meaning ''the young one of the seas or waves''. When he grew up the northern part of the Chola kingdom was entrusted to him and the area he governed came to be called Tondaimandalam after him. He is considered by some scholars to be the progenitor of the Pallava dynasty and the dynasty he founded took its name after the native place of his mother, that is Manipallavam.<ref>{{cite book|title=Manimekalai: Dancer with Magic Bowl : Buddhist Epic in Tamil (second Century AD)|author=Arputha Rani Sengupta|publisher=Daya Books, 2006|page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of Ancient India|author=Rama Shankar Tripathi|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1967|page=442}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=History of the Pallavas of Kanchi by R. Gopalan|author=R. Gopalan|editor=Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar|publisher=University of Madras, 1928|page=30}}</ref> | ||
According to the ''Ulas''(historical poems in honor of Chola kings) written by poet [[Ottakoothar]], Killivalavan is said to have married a Naga princess by entering the ''bilvadara''(cave) and also it is known that Tiraiyan was the son of a Chola prince who married the Naga princess, Pilivalai by entering the ''bilvadara'' in Nagapattinam. So that Tiraiyan was the son of Killivalavan is not without force".<ref>{{cite book|title=Saiva art and architecture in South India|author=C. Krishna Murthy|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan, 1985|page=8}}</ref> According to [[P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar]], Ilandiraiyan ascended the throne of Kanchi during the reign of the Chola king Karikalan and was probably, a feudatory of the latter. | According to the ''Ulas''(historical poems in honor of Chola kings) written by poet [[Ottakoothar]], Killivalavan is said to have married a Naga princess by entering the ''bilvadara''(cave) and also it is known that Tiraiyan was the son of a Chola prince who married the Naga princess, Pilivalai by entering the ''bilvadara'' in Nagapattinam. So that Tiraiyan was the son of Killivalavan is not without force".<ref>{{cite book|title=Saiva art and architecture in South India|author=C. Krishna Murthy|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan, 1985|page=8}}</ref> According to [[P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar]], Ilandiraiyan ascended the throne of Kanchi during the reign of the Chola king Karikalan and was probably, a feudatory of the latter. | ||
== In poetry == | == In poetry == | ||
[[Uruttiragannanar]] who wrote the ''[[Paṭṭiṉappālai]]'', gives a vivid description of Ilandiraiyan's kingdom and capital city of Kanchi in his poem ''[[Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai]]''. He advises "poets seeking rewards" to go to the court of Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan, "the great patron of bards".{{sfn|Iyengar| | [[Uruttiragannanar]] who wrote the ''[[Paṭṭiṉappālai]]'', gives a vivid description of Ilandiraiyan's kingdom and capital city of Kanchi in his poem ''[[Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai]]''. He advises "poets seeking rewards" to go to the court of Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan, "the great patron of bards".{{sfn|Iyengar|1995|p=388}} The ''Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai'' contains 500 lines in the ''[[Tamil prosody|akaval]]'' [[Metre (poetry)|metre]] eulogising Ilandiraiyan as well as providing a mythical origin for the Tondaiman clan.{{sfn|Zvelebil|1974|p=23}} | ||
Ilandiraiyan was also a poet himself with four of his songs still extant. One of them is on the importance of personal character and its benefits on good rule.{{sfn|Sastri|1961|p=126}} Ode 185 of the ''[[Puṟanāṉūṟu]]'' is attributed to Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | Ilandiraiyan was also a poet himself with four of his songs still extant. One of them is on the importance of personal character and its benefits on good rule.{{sfn|Sastri|1961|p=126}} Ode 185 of the ''[[Puṟanāṉūṟu]]'' is attributed to Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
* {{citation|last1=Iyengar|first1=P. T. Srinivasa|authorlink= P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar|title=History of the Tamils : from the earliest times to 600 A.D.|year=1995| | * {{citation|last1=Iyengar|first1=P. T. Srinivasa|authorlink= P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar|title=History of the Tamils : from the earliest times to 600 A.D.|year=1995|orig-date=1929|publisher=Asian Educational Services|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-8120601451|pages=388–405|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheTamilsFromTheEarliestTimesTo600A.D.|accessdate=27 May 2017|chapter=Chapter XXI: Ilandiraiyan}} | ||
* {{citation|last1=Ramaswamy|first1=Vijaya|title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|date=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=9780810864450 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC|accessdate=27 May 2017}} | * {{citation|last1=Ramaswamy|first1=Vijaya|title=Historical dictionary of the Tamils|date=2007|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Md.|isbn=9780810864450 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC|accessdate=27 May 2017}} | ||
* {{citation|last1=Sastri|first1=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta|author-link = K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|title=[[A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar]]|date=1961|edition=3rd|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en}} | * {{citation|last1=Sastri|first1=Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta|author-link = K. A. Nilakanta Sastri|title=[[A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar]]|date=1961|edition=3rd|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:56, 7 July 2025
Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan or Ilamtiraiyan was a ruler of Kanchipuram and a contemporary of the Early Chola king, Karikala.[1][2] He is traditionally regarded as the founder of the Pallava dynasty.[3] [need quotation to verify]Ilandiraiyan is referred to in the literature of the Sangam period and is the hero of some of the poems in the Pathupattu. He was a poet himself and four of his songs are extant even today.[2] He ruled from Tondaimandalam and was known as 'Tondaman'.[3] According to historian S. Krishnaswami Aiyengar, the Pallavas were natives of Tondaimandalam and the name Pallava is identical with the word Tondaiyar.[4]
Scholar M. Arokiaswami identifies Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan with king Adondai Chakravarthi, the legendary figure who is referred to in the Mackenzie Manuscripts.[5]
Life[edit | edit source]
According to the Sangam epic Manimekalai, a son was born to the Chola king Killi and the naga princess Pilivalai of Jaffna, the daughter of king Valaivanan of Manipallavam. When the boy grew up the princess wanted to send her son to the Chola kingdom. So she entrusted the prince to a merchant who dealt in woolen blankets called Kambala Chetty when his ship stopped in the island of Manipallavam. During the voyage to the Chola kingdom, the ship was wrecked due to rough weather and the boy was lost. He was later found washed ashore with a Tondai twig (creeper) around his leg. So he came to be called Tondaiman Ilam Tiraiyan meaning the young one of the seas or waves. When he grew up the northern part of the Chola kingdom was entrusted to him and the area he governed came to be called Tondaimandalam after him. He is considered by some scholars to be the progenitor of the Pallava dynasty and the dynasty he founded took its name after the native place of his mother, that is Manipallavam.[6][7][8]
According to the Ulas(historical poems in honor of Chola kings) written by poet Ottakoothar, Killivalavan is said to have married a Naga princess by entering the bilvadara(cave) and also it is known that Tiraiyan was the son of a Chola prince who married the Naga princess, Pilivalai by entering the bilvadara in Nagapattinam. So that Tiraiyan was the son of Killivalavan is not without force".[9] According to P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar, Ilandiraiyan ascended the throne of Kanchi during the reign of the Chola king Karikalan and was probably, a feudatory of the latter.
In poetry[edit | edit source]
Uruttiragannanar who wrote the Paṭṭiṉappālai, gives a vivid description of Ilandiraiyan's kingdom and capital city of Kanchi in his poem Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai. He advises "poets seeking rewards" to go to the court of Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan, "the great patron of bards".[10] The Perumpāṇāṟṟuppaṭai contains 500 lines in the akaval metre eulogising Ilandiraiyan as well as providing a mythical origin for the Tondaiman clan.[11]
Ilandiraiyan was also a poet himself with four of his songs still extant. One of them is on the importance of personal character and its benefits on good rule.[2] Ode 185 of the Puṟanāṉūṟu is attributed to Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan.[citation needed]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Iyengar 1995, p. 397.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sastri 1961, p. 126.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ramaswamy 2007, p. 80.
- ↑ T. V. Mahalingam. Kāñcīpuram in early South Indian history. Asia Pub. House, 1969. p. 22.
- ↑ M. Arokiaswami (1954). The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History. Amudha Nilayam. p. 72.
- ↑ Arputha Rani Sengupta. Manimekalai: Dancer with Magic Bowl : Buddhist Epic in Tamil (second Century AD). Daya Books, 2006. p. 13.
- ↑ Rama Shankar Tripathi. History of Ancient India. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1967. p. 442.
- ↑ R. Gopalan. Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar (ed.). History of the Pallavas of Kanchi by R. Gopalan. University of Madras, 1928. p. 30.
- ↑ C. Krishna Murthy. Saiva art and architecture in South India. Sundeep Prakashan, 1985. p. 8.
- ↑ Iyengar 1995, p. 388.
- ↑ Zvelebil 1974, p. 23.
References[edit | edit source]
- Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa (1995) [1929], "Chapter XXI: Ilandiraiyan", History of the Tamils : from the earliest times to 600 A.D., New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, pp. 388–405, ISBN 978-8120601451, retrieved 27 May 2017
- Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007), Historical dictionary of the Tamils, Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810864450, retrieved 27 May 2017
- Sastri, Kallidaikurichi Aiyah Nilakanta (1961), A History of South India: From Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press
- Zvelebil, Kamil Veith (1974), A history of Indian Literature: Tamil Literature, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ISBN 9783447015820, retrieved 30 May 2017