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{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
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| producer      = Cartoonist Thomas
| producer      = Cartoonist Thomas
| writer        = P. A. Backer (screenplay)<br />[[Sarah Thomas (writer)|Sarah Thomas]] (story & dialogues)
| writer        = P. A. Backer (screenplay)<br />[[Sarah Thomas (writer)|Sarah Thomas]] (story & dialogues)
| starring      = [[Harikeshan Thampi]]<br>[[Sreenivasan]]
| starring      = [[Harikeshan Thampi]]<br>[[Sreenivasan]]<br>
Cyril P Jacob
| music          = [[Devarajan]]
| music          = [[Devarajan]]
| cinematography = [[Vipindas]]
| cinematography = [[Vipindas]]
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| gross          =
| gross          =
}}
}}
'''''Manimuzhakkam''''' ({{lit|The Tolling of Bells}}) is a 1976 [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by [[P. A. Backer]] and starring [[Harikeshan Thampi]], [[Veeran]], Johnson, [[Sankaradi]], Saritha, Urmila, Vani, Charulatha, [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]] and Meena Ganesh. This is the debut film of [[Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Directory of Indian film-makers and films |last=Narwekar |first=Sanjit |publisher=Flicks Books |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-313-29284-2 |page=21 |author-link=Sanjit Narwekar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|year=1999|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja/page/50 50]|isbn=978-0-85170-455-5}}</ref> The film was scripted by Backer based on the novel ''Murippaadukal'' by [[Sarah Thomas (writer)|Sarah Thomas]].<ref>J.Ajith Kumar (14 September 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050104110900/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/09/14/stories/2004091401130200.htm "Writing for all of humanity "]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 20 January 2013.</ref> It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]] and the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Film]]. The film was shot in [[black-and-white]] even though colour films were common during those times (colour cinema became popular in Malayalam cinema only during 1978-1980 and good-quality colour films started being shot frequently only during 1983-1985).
'''''Manimuzhakkam''''' ({{lit|The Tolling of Bells}}) is a 1976 [[Malayalam]]-language film directed by [[P. A. Backer]] and starring [[Harikeshan Thampi]], [[Veeran]], Johnson, [[Sankaradi]], Saritha, Urmila, Vani, cyril P Jacob, Charulatha, [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]], Sreenivasan and Meena Ganesh. This is the debut film of [[Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Directory of Indian film-makers and films |last=Narwekar |first=Sanjit |publisher=Flicks Books |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-313-29284-2 |page=21 |author-link=Sanjit Narwekar}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja|url-access=registration|publisher=British Film Institute|year=1999|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofi0000raja/page/50 50]|isbn=978-0-85170-455-5}}</ref> The film was scripted by Backer based on the novel ''Murippaadukal'' by [[Sarah Thomas (writer)|Sarah Thomas]].<ref>J.Ajith Kumar (14 September 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20050104110900/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/09/14/stories/2004091401130200.htm "Writing for all of humanity "]. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 20 January 2013.</ref> It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]]. The film also won the Kerala state awards for best film, best screenplay ([[P. A. Backer|P.A. Backer]]), and best black & white cinematography ([[Vipindas|Vipin Das]]).<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala State Film Awards, 1969-1980|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm| date=15 September 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232254/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawares.htm|archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref>


== Plot summary ==
The film was shot in [[black-and-white]] even though colour films were common during those times (colour cinema became popular in Malayalam cinema only from 1978 to 1980 and good-quality colour films started being shot frequently only from 1983 to 1985).
Jose Paul is a young man brought up in a Roman Catholic orphanage and later transferred to his Hindu ancestral home, where he is subtly persuaded to conform to Hindu religious beliefs. The film chronicles Jose's attempts to establish an identity for himself in a situation full of conflicts.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
*  [[Harikeshan Thampi]]
*  [[Harikeshan Thampi]] as Jose Paul
*  [[Veeran]]
*  [[Veeran]]
*  Cyril P Jacob
*  Johnson
*  Johnson
*  [[Sankaradi]]
*  [[Sankaradi]]
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*  Vani
*  Vani
*  Charulatha
*  Charulatha
*  [[Sreenivasan]]
*  [[Sreenivasan]] as vayaran Michael
*  [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]]
*  [[Santhakumari (Malayalam actress)|Santhakumari]]
*  Meena Ganesh
*  Meena Ganesh
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* Beatrice
* Beatrice
* Ponjikkara Kalyani Amma
* Ponjikkara Kalyani Amma
== Trivia ==
Initially, director [[P. A. Backer|Backer]] had [[Mammootty]] in mind for the role of Michael, but it eventually went to [[Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{cite news|title=മമ്മുട്ടിയില്‍ നിന്ന് ശ്രീനിവാസനിലെത്തിയ 'മണിമുഴക്കം|url=https://www.mediaoneonline.com/mediaone-shelf/column/manimuzhakkam-from-mammootty-to-srinivasan-252785|publisher=[[MediaOne]]}} 3 May 2024</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}
{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}


[[Category:1970s Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:1976 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:1976 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. A. Backer]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. A. Backer]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]


{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}
{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Latest revision as of 02:40, 4 March 2026

Manimuzhakkam
Directed byP. A. Backer
Produced byCartoonist Thomas
Written byP. A. Backer (screenplay)
Sarah Thomas (story & dialogues)
StarringHarikeshan Thampi
Sreenivasan
Cyril P Jacob
Music byDevarajan
CinematographyVipindas
Edited byRavi Kiran
Release date
  • 30 April 1976 (1976-04-30)
CountryIndia
LanguageMalayalam

Manimuzhakkam (lit. 'The Tolling of Bells') is a 1976 Malayalam-language film directed by P. A. Backer and starring Harikeshan Thampi, Veeran, Johnson, Sankaradi, Saritha, Urmila, Vani, cyril P Jacob, Charulatha, Santhakumari, Sreenivasan and Meena Ganesh. This is the debut film of Sreenivasan.[1][2] The film was scripted by Backer based on the novel Murippaadukal by Sarah Thomas.[3] It won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam. The film also won the Kerala state awards for best film, best screenplay (P.A. Backer), and best black & white cinematography (Vipin Das).[4]

The film was shot in black-and-white even though colour films were common during those times (colour cinema became popular in Malayalam cinema only from 1978 to 1980 and good-quality colour films started being shot frequently only from 1983 to 1985).

Cast[edit | edit source]

Trivia[edit | edit source]

Initially, director Backer had Mammootty in mind for the role of Michael, but it eventually went to Sreenivasan.[5]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Narwekar, Sanjit (1994). Directory of Indian film-makers and films. Flicks Books. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-313-29284-2.
  2. ↑ Ashish Rajadhyaksha, Paul Willemen (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema. British Film Institute. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-85170-455-5.
  3. ↑ J.Ajith Kumar (14 September 2004). "Writing for all of humanity ". The Hindu. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
  4. ↑ "Kerala State Film Awards, 1969-1980". 15 September 2025. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
  5. ↑ "മമ്മുട്ടിയില്‍ നിന്ന് ശ്രീനിവാസനിലെത്തിയ 'മണിമുഴക്കം". MediaOne. 3 May 2024

External links[edit | edit source]

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