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{{Short description|12th-century Indian poet of Tamil language}} | |||
{{About|the poet|the lean process method|Kanban}} | {{About|the poet|the lean process method|Kanban}} | ||
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| honorific_prefix = | | honorific_prefix = | ||
| name = | | name = Kambar | ||
| honorific_suffix = | | honorific_suffix = | ||
| image = Kambar | | image = MarinaBeach Kambar statue (close-up) 2Feb2013.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| image_upright = | | image_upright = | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = Statue of Kambar at [[Marina Beach]], Chennai | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| pseudonym = | | pseudonym = | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| birth_date = {{birth | | birth_date = {{birth date text|1180}} | ||
| birth_place = [[ | | birth_place = [[Therizhandur]] (in present-day [[Tamil Nadu]], India) | ||
| death_date = {{ | | death_date = {{Death date and age|1250|1180}} | ||
| death_place = | | death_place = [[Nattarasankottai]] (in present-day Tamil Nadu, India) | ||
| resting_place = | | resting_place = | ||
| occupation = Poet | | occupation = Poet | ||
| period = | | period = | ||
| genre = <!-- or: | genres = --> | | genre = <!-- or: | genres = --> | ||
| subject = <!-- or: | subjects = --> | | subject = <!-- or: | subjects = --> | ||
| movement = | | movement = | ||
| notableworks = [[Ramavataram| | | notableworks = ''[[Ramavataram]]''<br/>''[[Silai Elupatu]]'' | ||
| language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kambar''', or '''Kamban''' (1180–1250), was an Indian poet. He is the author of the ''[[Ramavataram]]'', popularly known as ''Kambaramayanam'', the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] version of the [[Hindu epic]] [[Ramayana]]. He had also authored several other literary works in Tamil including [[Silaiyezhupathu|''Silai Elupatu'']], ''Kangai Puranam'', ''Sadagopar Antati'' and ''Saraswati Antati''. | |||
'''Kambar''' or ''' | |||
==Life== | ==Life== | ||
Kambar was born in [[Therazhundur | Kambar was believed to have been born in [[Therazhundur]] (in present day [[Tamil Nadu]]).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|url=https://www.google.com.qa/books/edition/Historical_Dictionary_of_the_Tamils/H1aAEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=kammalar+caste+in+tamil&pg=PA184&printsec=frontcover|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|date=2017-08-25|isbn=979-8-216-20821-1|language=en|first=Vijaya|last=Ramaswamy|pages=183}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2020-01-22 |title=Kambar ( Kavi Chakravarthy )- Profile and Life History of a Tamil Poet. |url=https://aptinfo.in/profile-and-life-history-of-kambar/ |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Aptinfo.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293 |title=Colas |date=1955}}</ref> He was supported and patronised by [[Sadayappa Vallal]].<ref>India's Communities by Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India – Ethnology – 1992 – page 4146</ref> He grew up in the [[Chola dynasty|Chola Empire]] during the reign of [[Kulothunga Chola III]]. Having heard of Kamban's talent, Kulothunga summoned him to his court and honoured him with the title ''Kavi Chakravarty'' (''Emperor of poets'').<ref>The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia By Edward Balfour</ref><ref name=":0" /> Kamban was well versed in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] languages. His life time is dated to the 12th century CE, after the lifetime of [[Vaishnavite]] philosopher [[Ramanuja]], as the poet refers to the latter in his work.<ref>{{cite book|title=A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages|year=1875|url=https://archive.org/details/comparativegramm00caldrich|author=Robert Caldwell|publisher=Trübner, 1875|page=[https://archive.org/details/comparativegramm00caldrich/page/136 136]}}</ref> | ||
There are no clear information of his later whereabouts, with multiple stories in folklore. As per one theory, Kamban spent his last days in [[Nattarasankottai]] near present day [[Sivagangai]]. After having differences with Kulothunga's son, [[Rajaraja III]], he left the Chola kingdom and moved from place to place. When he reached at Nattarasankottai, he decided to stay there and spent his last days there. There is tomb dedicated to him at the location and the annual ''Kamban vizha'' is conducted at this place to felicitate Kambar.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
In another story, Kamban was exiled by Kulothunga due to a misunderstanding, and Kulothunga executed Kamban's son Ambigapathy for having a love affair with his daughter. Grief-stricken and enraged at Kulothunga's brutality, Kamban wandered around the Tamil lands and finally entered the service of the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]]. He eventually returned again when invited by the Chola ruler, but this renewed friendship was short-lived, and tensions rose once more. Kulothunga ultimately executed Kamban on the pretext that he had maintained ties with the Chera king and had murdered the youngest prince. Before his death, Kamban cursed the king, declaring that his lineage would come to an end.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raja |first=P. |title=A Treasury of ancient Tamil legends |publisher=National Book Trust |year=2022 |isbn=978-93-5491-025-8 |edition= |location=Delhi |pages=127-143}}</ref> | |||
==Literary works== | ==Literary works== | ||
[[File:Kamba_Ramyanam_Mandapam_at_The_Ranganathasamy_Temple,_Srirangam.jpg|thumb|Kamba Ramyanam Mandapam at [[Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam|The Ranganathasamy Temple, Srirangam]], where he is believed to have recited the epic]] | |||
[[File:Kamba_Ramyanam_Mandapam_at_The_Ranganathasamy_Temple,_Srirangam.jpg|thumb | |||
== | * ''[[Kamba Ramayanam]]'' (also called ''Ramavataram''), a retelling of the Indian epic ''[[Ramayana]]'' in Tamil. It consists of 11,000 stanzas.<ref>Legend of Ram By Sanujit Ghose</ref>{{full citation needed|date=May 2019}}<ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= [https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/212 212]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> It was accepted into the holy precincts in the presence of [[Nathamuni]].<ref>Rays and Ways of Indian Culture By D. P. Dubey</ref>{{full citation needed|date=May 2019}} | ||
{{ | * ''Saraswati Antati'', literary work of [[Andhadhi|antati]] style in praise of Hindu Goddess [[Saraswati]] | ||
* ''Sadagopar Antati'', antati in praise of Vaishnava Saint [[Nammalvar]] | |||
* ''[[Silaiyezhupathu|Silai Elupatu]]'', work in praise of 11th century CE [[Pallava]] king [[Karunakara Tondaiman]] | |||
* ''Tirukkai Valakkam'' | |||
* ''Erelupathu'' | |||
* ''Kangai Puranam'' | |||
* ''Mangala Vazhthu'' | |||
== In popular culture == | |||
Kamban is portrayed by [[Serukalathur Sama]] in the Tamil-language film [[Ambikapathy (1937 film)|''Ambikapathy'']] (1937). In the film [[Ambikapathy (1957 film)|''Ambikapathy'']] (1957), [[M. K. Radha]] played Kamban. | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Kambarmedu, Mayiladuthurai|Kambarmedu]], an archaeological site associated with Kamban | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kambar}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kambar}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Chola poets]] | ||
[[Category:Indian male poets]] | [[Category:Indian male poets]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu poets]] | [[Category:Hindu poets]] | ||
[[Category:12th-century Indian poets]] | [[Category:12th-century Indian poets]] | ||
[[Category:Poets from Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:Poets from Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[Category:Translators of the Ramayana]] | [[Category:Translators of the Ramayana]] | ||
[[Category:1180 births]] | [[Category:1180 births]] | ||
[[Category:1250 deaths]] | [[Category:1250 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:People from Mayiladuthurai district]] | |||
[[Category:Writers from Mayiladuthurai district]] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:47, 9 March 2026
Kambar | |
|---|---|
_2Feb2013.jpg) Statue of Kambar at Marina Beach, Chennai | |
| Born | Template:Birth date text Therizhandur (in present-day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Died | 1250 (aged 69–70) Nattarasankottai (in present-day Tamil Nadu, India) |
| Occupation | Poet |
| Language | Tamil |
| Notable works | Ramavataram Silai Elupatu |
Kambar, or Kamban (1180–1250), was an Indian poet. He is the author of the Ramavataram, popularly known as Kambaramayanam, the Tamil version of the Hindu epic Ramayana. He had also authored several other literary works in Tamil including Silai Elupatu, Kangai Puranam, Sadagopar Antati and Saraswati Antati.
Life[edit | edit source]
Kambar was believed to have been born in Therazhundur (in present day Tamil Nadu).[1][2][3] He was supported and patronised by Sadayappa Vallal.[4] He grew up in the Chola Empire during the reign of Kulothunga Chola III. Having heard of Kamban's talent, Kulothunga summoned him to his court and honoured him with the title Kavi Chakravarty (Emperor of poets).[5][3] Kamban was well versed in Tamil and Sanskrit languages. His life time is dated to the 12th century CE, after the lifetime of Vaishnavite philosopher Ramanuja, as the poet refers to the latter in his work.[6]
There are no clear information of his later whereabouts, with multiple stories in folklore. As per one theory, Kamban spent his last days in Nattarasankottai near present day Sivagangai. After having differences with Kulothunga's son, Rajaraja III, he left the Chola kingdom and moved from place to place. When he reached at Nattarasankottai, he decided to stay there and spent his last days there. There is tomb dedicated to him at the location and the annual Kamban vizha is conducted at this place to felicitate Kambar.[3]
In another story, Kamban was exiled by Kulothunga due to a misunderstanding, and Kulothunga executed Kamban's son Ambigapathy for having a love affair with his daughter. Grief-stricken and enraged at Kulothunga's brutality, Kamban wandered around the Tamil lands and finally entered the service of the Cheras. He eventually returned again when invited by the Chola ruler, but this renewed friendship was short-lived, and tensions rose once more. Kulothunga ultimately executed Kamban on the pretext that he had maintained ties with the Chera king and had murdered the youngest prince. Before his death, Kamban cursed the king, declaring that his lineage would come to an end.[7]
Literary works[edit | edit source]
- Kamba Ramayanam (also called Ramavataram), a retelling of the Indian epic Ramayana in Tamil. It consists of 11,000 stanzas.[8][full citation needed][9] It was accepted into the holy precincts in the presence of Nathamuni.[10][full citation needed]
- Saraswati Antati, literary work of antati style in praise of Hindu Goddess Saraswati
- Sadagopar Antati, antati in praise of Vaishnava Saint Nammalvar
- Silai Elupatu, work in praise of 11th century CE Pallava king Karunakara Tondaiman
- Tirukkai Valakkam
- Erelupathu
- Kangai Puranam
- Mangala Vazhthu
In popular culture[edit | edit source]
Kamban is portrayed by Serukalathur Sama in the Tamil-language film Ambikapathy (1937). In the film Ambikapathy (1957), M. K. Radha played Kamban.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Kambarmedu, an archaeological site associated with Kamban
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (25 August 2017). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 183. ISBN 979-8-216-20821-1.
- ↑ "Kambar ( Kavi Chakravarthy )- Profile and Life History of a Tamil Poet". Aptinfo.in. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2025.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta (1955). Colas.
- ↑ India's Communities by Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India – Ethnology – 1992 – page 4146
- ↑ The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia By Edward Balfour
- ↑ Robert Caldwell (1875). A Comparative Grammar of the Dravidian Or South-Indian Family of Languages. Trübner, 1875. p. 136.
- ↑ Raja, P. (2022). A Treasury of ancient Tamil legends. Delhi: National Book Trust. pp. 127–143. ISBN 978-93-5491-025-8.
- ↑ Legend of Ram By Sanujit Ghose
- ↑ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 212.
- ↑ Rays and Ways of Indian Culture By D. P. Dubey
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