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{{short description|1962 film by N. T. Rama Rao}}
{{About|the film|information on the nocturnal flower Gul-e-Bakavali|Epiphyllum oxypetalum}}
{{About|the film|information on the nocturnal flower Gul-e-Bakavali|Epiphyllum oxypetalum}}
{{short description|1962 film by N. T. Rama Rao}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name          = Gulebakavali Katha
| name          = Gulebakavali Katha
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}}
}}


'''''Gulebakavali Katha''''' ({{trans|The story of Gulebakavali}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[fantasy film|fantasy]] [[swashbuckler film]] produced by [[N. Trivikrama Rao]] and directed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. It is based on the story of ''Gulebakavali'' from the tale collection ''[[Kasi Majilee Kathalu]]'' by [[Madhira Subbanna Deekshitulu]]. Rama Rao also stars as the male lead, alongside [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] and Nagarathna as the female leads. The film focuses on a man's quest to search for the [[Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Gulebakavali'' flower]], which he needs to cure the king's blindness. It was released on 5 January 1962, and became a commercial success.
'''''Gulebakavali Katha''''' ({{translation|The story of Gulebakavali}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[fantasy film|fantasy]] [[swashbuckler film]] directed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. The film was produced by [[N. Trivikrama Rao]] on National Art Theatres banner. It is based on the folk tale ''[[The Water of Life (German fairy tale)#Asia|Gulebakavali]]'' from the folk tale collection ''[[One Thousand and One Nights|Arabian Nights]]''. Rama Rao also stars alongside [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] and Nagarathna. The film focuses on a man's quest to search for the [[Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Gulebakavali'' flower]], which he needs to cure the king's blindness. It was released on 5 January 1962, and became a commercial success.


== Plot ==
== Plot ==
King Chandrasena has two wives, Gunavathi and Rupavathi. Rupavathi has three sons. Rupavathi's brother Vakraketu has an eye on the king's throne. When Gunavathi gets pregnant with the blessings of the goddess Parvathi, Vakraketu and Rupavathi bribe the astrologer by saying that the King loses his eyesight if he sees the child and tries to murder the infant, but he is rescued and brought up by a shepherd couple and named Vijay. Once, King Chandrasena goes hunting in the forest, sees Vijay and loses his eyesight, but the actual reason had plotted against the king and made him blind. Doctors advise the king to get the [[Epiphyllum oxypetalum|''Gulebakavali'' flower]] which blossoms on the full moon day in the Yakshaloka.
Once upon a time, a kingdom [[Pataliputra]] was ruled by King Chandrasena. He has two wives, Gunavati & Rupavati. The King is engrossed in love with the second, and they have three sons. Vakraketu, a vicious sibling of Rupavati, always ploys to usurp the throne, for which he molds his nephews. The childless Gunavati takes penance to conceive, acquiring a boon from [[Shiva|Siva]], who blesses her with a baby boy, Vijaya. So, green-eyed Vakraketu colludes with astrologers who predict that the King will lose his vision upon viewing the prince. Therefore, he ostracizes the newborn despite imploring by Gunavati, but Vakraketu edicts to slay him. However, he is shielded by the Lord and reared by a shepherd couple.
 
Years roll by, and Vijaya becomes a gallant youngster—Chandrasena heads for hunting when Vakraketu plots to blind him via gradual venom. The following day, he became sightless when Vijaya accidentally encountered him. Vijaya finds something fishy and covertly enters the fort, where Vijaya learns of his birth & curse. He overhears that the only means to recoup his father's sight is to gain the "Gulebakavali flower," which blossoms on the full moon day in the ''[[Devaloka]].'' Thus, Vijaya declares that he will remove his taint and walks through with the acquaintance and grace of his mother. Even the three callow princes proceed for it.  
 
In a village, a trickster dice player, Yuktimati, bets the men to win for splicing her if not enslaving them. Initially, she imprisons three princes when Vijaya discovers her deception. In disguise, he triumphs, knits Yuktimati, and frees his half-brothers. The three unfledged are aware of Vijaya. Following, they mortify an ascetic who swear word them into the stones. Vijaya sets on an adventurous journey and lands in ''Devaloka'' with the help of the Lord. Accordingly, he weds Mahendra's daughter Bakavali per the [[Gandharva]]. Vijaya silently leaves with the flower from the pool, which explodes due to impurity. An enraged Mahendra seizes Bakavali since she is the cause of the piece.  


Vijay sets on an adventurous journey to get the ''Gulebakavali'' flower which has healing powers and can, therefore, cure blindness. He meets a trickster dice player Yuktimati, whom he defeats and marries and saves his three elder brothers, sons of Rupavati. He then reaches Devaloka, woos princess Bakavali, gets the flower, but his brothers steal it from him. He returns to Devaloka only to find the pond dry. Vijay then offers his eyes. The pond blooms with the divine flower, an impressed Mahendra plucks it, restores Vijay's vision and gives him his daughter's hand. Vijay returns to his kingdom with his two wives, annihilates Vakrakethu and the army chief Dushtabudhi, cures his father's blindness with the divine flower saved for him by Atitelivi from his brothers and ascends the throne.
Vijaya arrives on Earth and revives his brothers, but they slyly snatch the flower by backstabbing him. By the time they are at home, Vakraketu has treacherously captured the kingdom and locked up everyone. Meanwhile, Vijaya removes the curse of an angel who returns him to "Devaloka," where he learns about terrible things that happened. He re-flourishes the pond with his fortitude by offering his eyes. Then, Mahendra bows down to him and restores his vision. At last, Vijaya returns to Earth with his wife, stops Vakraketu, and restores his father's vision. Finally, the movie ends happily with Vijaya's coronation.


== Cast ==
== Cast ==
Credits adapted from ''[[The Hindu]]'':<ref name="BFTP" />
Credits from ''[[The Hindu]]'':<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Vijay
* [[N. T. Rama Rao]] as Vijaya
* [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Yuktimati
* [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as Yuktimati
* Nagarathna as Bakavali
* Nagarathna as Bakavali
* [[Peketi Sivaram]] as one of Rupavathi's sons
* [[Peketi Sivaram]] as one of Rupavathi's sons
* [[Mukkamala]] as Chandrasena
* [[Mukkamala (actor)|Mukkamala]] as Chandrasena
* [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]] as Vakraketu
* [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]] as Vakraketu
* Lanka Satyam as the goatherd
* Lanka Satyam as the goatherd
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== Production ==
== Production ==
''Gulebakavali Katha'' is the second Telugu film to be based on the story of ''Gulebakavali'' from the Arabian folktale collection ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'', following a 1938 film titled ''Gulebakavali''. It was produced by [[N. Trivikrama Rao]] under National Art Theaters, and directed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. This was Rama Rao's second directorial venture after ''[[Seeta Rama Kalyanam (1960 film)|Seeta Rama Kalyanam]]'' (1961); however, as with that film, he did not bill himself as director in the opening credits. The writer of the original story was not credited; instead, Trivikrama Rao was credited under "''kathasekarana''" (collecting the story). In addition to directing, Rama Rao starred as the male lead Vijay. He cast two female leads: [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as the trickster dice player Yuktimati; and actress [[G. Varalakshmi]]'s niece Nagarathna as princess Bakavali, this being her acting debut. Nagarathna had only two dialogues, one of which was "Nanna". [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]] was cast as Vakraketu. [[Ravikant Nagaich]] was hired as cinematographer, K. Narasimha Rao for art direction,<ref name="BFTP" /> and S. P. S. Veerappa and G. Siva Murthy for editing.<ref name="indiancine">{{Cite web |url=https://indiancine.ma/KHQ/info |title=Gulebakavali Katha |website=Indiancine.ma |access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>
''Gulebakavali Katha'' is the second Telugu film to be based on the folk tale ''[[The Water of Life (German fairy tale)#Asia|Gulebakavali]]'' from the Arabian folk tale collection ''[[One Thousand and One Nights]]'', following a 1938 film titled ''Gulebakavali''. It was produced by [[N. Trivikrama Rao]] under National Art Theaters, and directed by [[N. T. Rama Rao]]. This was Rama Rao's second directorial venture after ''[[Sita Rama Kalyanam (1961 film)|Sita Rama Kalyanam]]'' (1961); however, as with that film, he did not bill himself as director in the opening credits. The writer of the original story was not credited; instead, Trivikrama Rao was credited under "''kathasekarana''" (collecting the story). In addition to directing, Rama Rao starred as the male lead Vijaya. He cast two female leads: [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]] as the trickster dice player Yuktimati; and actress [[G. Varalakshmi]]'s niece Nagarathna as princess Bakavali, this being her acting debut. Nagarathna had only two dialogues, one of which was "Nanna". [[Ravikant Nagaich]] was hired as cinematographer, K. Narasimha Rao for art direction,<ref name="BFTP" /> and S. P. S. Veerappa and G. Siva Murthy for editing.<ref name="indiancine">{{Cite web |url=https://indiancine.ma/KHQ/info |title=Gulebakavali Katha |website=Indiancine.ma |access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref>


== Soundtrack ==
== Soundtrack ==
Music composers Joseph and Vijaya Krishna Murthy made their debut with this film,<ref name="BFTP" /> as did lyricist [[C. Narayana Reddy]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/c-narayana-reddy-he-owned-the-literary-throne/article18996229.ece |title=C Narayana Reddy: He owned the literary throne |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=13 June 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 December 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230055727/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/c-narayana-reddy-he-owned-the-literary-throne/article18996229.ece |archive-date=30 December 2018 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film's most popular songs were "Nannu Dhochukonduvate", "Kalala Alalapai", "Unnadi Chebuta" and "Madana Sundara Naa Doraa".<ref name="BFTP" />
Music composers Joseph and Vijaya Krishna Murthy made their debut with this film,<ref name="BFTP" /> as did lyricist [[C. Narayana Reddy]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nadadhur|first=Srivathsan|date=13 June 2017|title=C Narayana Reddy: He owned the literary throne|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/c-narayana-reddy-he-owned-the-literary-throne/article18996229.ece|url-status=live|access-date=29 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230055727/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/c-narayana-reddy-he-owned-the-literary-throne/article18996229.ece|archive-date=30 December 2018}}</ref> The film's most popular songs were "Nannu Dhochukonduvate", "Kalala Alalapai", "Unnadi Chebuta" and "Madana Sundara Naa Doraa".<ref name="BFTP" /> The song "Nanna Dochukovante" is based on Abheri raga.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-hindu-friday-review-hyderabad-books-ragalu-cine-geetalu-dr-kodati-sambaiah-carnatic-ragas-in-telugu-films/article26553378.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403103423/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/the-hindu-friday-review-hyderabad-books-ragalu-cine-geetalu-dr-kodati-sambaiah-carnatic-ragas-in-telugu-films/article26553378.ece|archive-date=3 April 2024|access-date=3 April 2024|date=16 March 2019|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Ragalu, Cine Geetalu: Confluence of two genres|last=Chandaraju|first=Aruna}}</ref>
{{Track listing
{{Track listing
| headline      =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Unnadhi Chepputha Vintara
| total_length  =
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]], Vasantha
| all_writing  =
| length1 = 3:24
| all_lyrics    =
| title2 = Amba Jagadamaba
| all_music    =
| extra2 = [[P. Leela]]
| title_width  =
| length2 = 3:08
| writing_width =
| title3 = Kaaligajje Kadalakamunde
| music_width  =
| extra3 = S. Janaki
| lyrics_width  =
| length3 = 4:22
| extra_width  =
| title4 = Anuraga Payonidhi
| title1       = Unnadhi Chepputha Vintara
| extra4 = [[Ghantasala (musician)|Ghantasala]]
| note1        =
| length4 = 0:58
| writer1      =
| title5 = Salamalekum Sahebugaru
| lyrics1      =
| extra5 = Ghantasala, S. Janaki
| music1        =
| length5 = 3:01
| extra1       = [[S. Janaki]], Vasantha
| title6 = Nannu Dhochukunduvate Vannela Dorasani
| length1       = 3:24
| extra6 = Ghantasala, [[P. Susheela]]
| title2       = Amba Jagadamaba
| length6 = 3:22
| note2        =
| title7 = Kalala Alalapai Telenu Manasu Malle Poovai
| writer2      =
| extra7 = Ghantasala, S. Janaki
| lyrics2      =
| length7 = 4:35
| music2        =
| title8 = Ontarinai Poyanu Ika Intiki Yemani Ponu
| extra2       = [[P. Leela]]
| extra8 = Ghantasala
| length2       = 3:08
| length8 = 3:35
| title3       = Kaaligajje Kadalakamunde
| title9 = Madana Sundara Naa Dora
| note3        =
| extra9 = P. Susheela
| writer3      =
| length9 = 3:19
| lyrics3      =
| title10 = Vinnava Tatvam Guruda
| music3        =
| extra10 = [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
| extra3       = S. Janaki
| length10 = 1:51
| length3       = 4:22
| title11 = Matha Jaganmatha
| title4       = Anuraga Payonidhi
| extra11 = Ghantasala
| note4        =
| length11 = 2:12
| writer4      =
| lyrics4      =
| music4        =
| extra4       = [[Ghantasala (singer)|Ghantasala]]
| length4       = 0:58
| title5       = Salamalekum Sahebugaru
| note5        =
| writer5      =
| lyrics5      =
| music5        =
| extra5       = Ghantasala, S. Janaki
| length5       = 3:01
| title6       = Nannu Dhochukunduvate Vannela Dorasani
| note6        =
| writer6      =
| lyrics6      =
| music6        =
| extra6       = Ghantasala, [[P. Susheela]]
| length6       = 3:22
| title7       = Kalala Alalapai Telenu Manasu Malle Poovai
| note7        =
| writer7      =
| lyrics7      =
| music7        =
| extra7       = Ghantasala, S. Janaki
| length7       = 4:35
| title8       = Ontarinai Poyanu Ika Intiki Yemani Ponu
| note8        =
| writer8      =
| lyrics8      =
| music8        =
| extra8       = Ghantasala
| length8       = |3:35
| title9       = Madana Sundara Naa Dora
| note9        =
| writer9      =
| lyrics9      =
| music9        =
| extra9       = P. Susheela
| length9       = 3:19
| title10       = Vinnava Tatvam Guruda
| note10        =
| writer10      =
| lyrics10      =
| music10      =
| extra10       = [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]]
| length10     = 1:51
| title11       = Matha Jaganmatha
| note11        =
| writer11      =
| lyrics11      =
| music11      =
| extra11       = Ghantasala
| length11     = 2:12
}}
}}


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== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-GULEBAKAVALI-KATHA-1962/article14583602.ece |title=Blast from the past: Gulebakavali Katha (1962) |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=18 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 December 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221101655/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-GULEBAKAVALI-KATHA-1962/article14583602.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-GULEBAKAVALI-KATHA-1962/article14583602.ece |title=Blast from the past: Gulebakavali Katha (1962) |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=18 August 2016 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=29 December 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221101655/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/Blast-from-the-past-GULEBAKAVALI-KATHA-1962/article14583602.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016 |issn=}}</ref>
}}
}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0263402}}
* {{IMDb title|0263402}}
* {{CITWF title|139646}}


[[Category:1960s fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:1962 fantasy films]]
[[Category:1962 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:1960s fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films about royalty]]
[[Category:Films based on One Thousand and One Nights]]
[[Category:Films based on One Thousand and One Nights]]
Line 163: Line 115:
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy adventure films]]
[[Category:Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]
[[Category:Indian swashbuckler films]]
[[Category:Polygamy in fiction]]
[[Category:Fiction about polygamy]]
[[Category:1960s Telugu-language films]]

Latest revision as of 02:04, 4 March 2026


Gulebakavali Katha
Theatrical release poster
Directed byN. T. Rama Rao
Produced byN. Trivikrama Rao
StarringN. T. Rama Rao
Jamuna
Nagarathna
Music byJoseph
Vijaya Krishna Murthy
CinematographyRavikant Nagaich
Edited byS. P. S. Veerappa
G. Siva Murthy
Production
company
National Art Theaters
Release date
  • 5 January 1962 (1962-01-05)
Running time
170 minutes
CountryIndia
LanguageTelugu

Gulebakavali Katha (transl. The story of Gulebakavali) is a 1962 Indian Telugu-language fantasy swashbuckler film directed by N. T. Rama Rao. The film was produced by N. Trivikrama Rao on National Art Theatres banner. It is based on the folk tale Gulebakavali from the folk tale collection Arabian Nights. Rama Rao also stars alongside Jamuna and Nagarathna. The film focuses on a man's quest to search for the Gulebakavali flower, which he needs to cure the king's blindness. It was released on 5 January 1962, and became a commercial success.

Plot[edit | edit source]

Once upon a time, a kingdom Pataliputra was ruled by King Chandrasena. He has two wives, Gunavati & Rupavati. The King is engrossed in love with the second, and they have three sons. Vakraketu, a vicious sibling of Rupavati, always ploys to usurp the throne, for which he molds his nephews. The childless Gunavati takes penance to conceive, acquiring a boon from Siva, who blesses her with a baby boy, Vijaya. So, green-eyed Vakraketu colludes with astrologers who predict that the King will lose his vision upon viewing the prince. Therefore, he ostracizes the newborn despite imploring by Gunavati, but Vakraketu edicts to slay him. However, he is shielded by the Lord and reared by a shepherd couple.

Years roll by, and Vijaya becomes a gallant youngster—Chandrasena heads for hunting when Vakraketu plots to blind him via gradual venom. The following day, he became sightless when Vijaya accidentally encountered him. Vijaya finds something fishy and covertly enters the fort, where Vijaya learns of his birth & curse. He overhears that the only means to recoup his father's sight is to gain the "Gulebakavali flower," which blossoms on the full moon day in the Devaloka. Thus, Vijaya declares that he will remove his taint and walks through with the acquaintance and grace of his mother. Even the three callow princes proceed for it.

In a village, a trickster dice player, Yuktimati, bets the men to win for splicing her if not enslaving them. Initially, she imprisons three princes when Vijaya discovers her deception. In disguise, he triumphs, knits Yuktimati, and frees his half-brothers. The three unfledged are aware of Vijaya. Following, they mortify an ascetic who swear word them into the stones. Vijaya sets on an adventurous journey and lands in Devaloka with the help of the Lord. Accordingly, he weds Mahendra's daughter Bakavali per the Gandharva. Vijaya silently leaves with the flower from the pool, which explodes due to impurity. An enraged Mahendra seizes Bakavali since she is the cause of the piece.

Vijaya arrives on Earth and revives his brothers, but they slyly snatch the flower by backstabbing him. By the time they are at home, Vakraketu has treacherously captured the kingdom and locked up everyone. Meanwhile, Vijaya removes the curse of an angel who returns him to "Devaloka," where he learns about terrible things that happened. He re-flourishes the pond with his fortitude by offering his eyes. Then, Mahendra bows down to him and restores his vision. At last, Vijaya returns to Earth with his wife, stops Vakraketu, and restores his father's vision. Finally, the movie ends happily with Vijaya's coronation.

Cast[edit | edit source]

Credits from The Hindu:[1]

Production[edit | edit source]

Gulebakavali Katha is the second Telugu film to be based on the folk tale Gulebakavali from the Arabian folk tale collection One Thousand and One Nights, following a 1938 film titled Gulebakavali. It was produced by N. Trivikrama Rao under National Art Theaters, and directed by N. T. Rama Rao. This was Rama Rao's second directorial venture after Sita Rama Kalyanam (1961); however, as with that film, he did not bill himself as director in the opening credits. The writer of the original story was not credited; instead, Trivikrama Rao was credited under "kathasekarana" (collecting the story). In addition to directing, Rama Rao starred as the male lead Vijaya. He cast two female leads: Jamuna as the trickster dice player Yuktimati; and actress G. Varalakshmi's niece Nagarathna as princess Bakavali, this being her acting debut. Nagarathna had only two dialogues, one of which was "Nanna". Ravikant Nagaich was hired as cinematographer, K. Narasimha Rao for art direction,[1] and S. P. S. Veerappa and G. Siva Murthy for editing.[2]

Soundtrack[edit | edit source]

Music composers Joseph and Vijaya Krishna Murthy made their debut with this film,[1] as did lyricist C. Narayana Reddy.[3] The film's most popular songs were "Nannu Dhochukonduvate", "Kalala Alalapai", "Unnadi Chebuta" and "Madana Sundara Naa Doraa".[1] The song "Nanna Dochukovante" is based on Abheri raga.[4]

No.TitleSinger(s)Length
1."Unnadhi Chepputha Vintara"S. Janaki, Vasantha3:24
2."Amba Jagadamaba"P. Leela3:08
3."Kaaligajje Kadalakamunde"S. Janaki4:22
4."Anuraga Payonidhi"Ghantasala0:58
5."Salamalekum Sahebugaru"Ghantasala, S. Janaki3:01
6."Nannu Dhochukunduvate Vannela Dorasani"Ghantasala, P. Susheela3:22
7."Kalala Alalapai Telenu Manasu Malle Poovai"Ghantasala, S. Janaki4:35
8."Ontarinai Poyanu Ika Intiki Yemani Ponu"Ghantasala3:35
9."Madana Sundara Naa Dora"P. Susheela3:19
10."Vinnava Tatvam Guruda"Pithapuram Nageswara Rao1:51
11."Matha Jaganmatha"Ghantasala2:12

Release and reception[edit | edit source]

Gulebakavali Katha was released on 5 January 1962. The film was commercially successful, and contributed to Rama Rao's streak of successful films.[1]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Narasimham, M. L. (18 August 2016). "Blast from the past: Gulebakavali Katha (1962)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  2. "Gulebakavali Katha". Indiancine.ma. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  3. Nadadhur, Srivathsan (13 June 2017). "C Narayana Reddy: He owned the literary throne". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
  4. Chandaraju, Aruna (16 March 2019). "Ragalu, Cine Geetalu: Confluence of two genres". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.

External links[edit | edit source]