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{{About|Rangpur as an archaeological site in | {{Short description|Ancient archaeological site in Gujarat, western India}} | ||
{{About|Rangpur as an archaeological site in Gujarat, India|other uses|Rangpur (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}} | {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}} | ||
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|map_size = 270 | |map_size = 270 | ||
|coordinates = {{coord|22|26|N|71|55|E|display=inline,title}} | |coordinates = {{coord|22|26|N|71|55|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
|location = | |location = [[Surendranagar district]], Gujarat, India | ||
|region = | |region = | ||
|type = Settlement | |type = Settlement | ||
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|abandoned = | |abandoned = | ||
|epochs = [[Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan 1]] to [[Iron Age India|Iron Age]] | |epochs = [[Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization|Harappan 1]] to [[Iron Age India|Iron Age]] | ||
|cultures = [[Indus Valley | |cultures = [[Indus Valley civilization]] | ||
|dependency_of = | |dependency_of = | ||
|occupants = | |occupants = | ||
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|notes = | |notes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Rangpur''' is an ancient archaeological site near [[Vanala]] on [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] peninsula in [[Gujarat]], [[western India]]. Lying on the tip between the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] and [[Gulf of Kutch]], it belongs to the period of the [[Indus Valley | '''Rangpur''' is an ancient archaeological site in [[Surendranagar district]] near [[Vanala]] on [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] peninsula in [[Gujarat]], [[western India]]. Lying on the tip between the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] and [[Gulf of Kutch]], it belongs to the period of the [[Indus Valley civilization]], and lies to the northwest of the larger site of [[Lothal]].<ref name="books.google.com">[https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&dq=hulas%2Bsaharanpur+district&pg=PA214 History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, by Upinder Singh]</ref> It is the [[type site]] for the '''Rangpur culture''', a regional form of the late phase of the Indus Valley Civilization that existed in Gujarat during the 2nd millennium BCE. | ||
== Excavation == | == Excavation == | ||
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== Architecture and town planning== | == Architecture and town planning== | ||
[[Acacia]] wood was used in Rangpur for construction, tools and furniture.<ref>McIntosh, Jane.(2008) The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. Page 140 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC | [[Acacia]] wood was used in Rangpur for construction, tools and furniture.<ref>McIntosh, Jane.(2008) The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. Page 140 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=Rangpur]</ref> | ||
== | == Artifacts found == | ||
Dishes with beaded rim and grooved shoulder, painted [[blackware|black]] - and [[redware]] and high-necked jars.<ref>Archeological Surve of India Publication: Indian Archeology 1955-56. Page 70 [http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201955-56%20%20A%20Review.pdf]</ref> Evidence of shell working found.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788131711200|pages=164|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&q=rangpur}}</ref> Other artifacts found at the site include axes, beads of steatite and carnelian and Earthen wares. | Dishes with beaded rim and grooved shoulder, painted [[blackware|black]] - and [[redware]] and high-necked jars.<ref>Archeological Surve of India Publication: Indian Archeology 1955-56. Page 70 [http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201955-56%20%20A%20Review.pdf]</ref> Evidence of shell working found.<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Upinder|title=A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century|year=2008|publisher=Pearson Education|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788131711200|pages=164|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&q=rangpur}}</ref> Other artifacts found at the site include axes, beads of steatite and carnelian and Earthen wares. | ||
== Cultivation == | == Cultivation == | ||
Large quantity of plant remains were found at Rangpur. [[Pearl millet|Bajra]],<ref>McIntosh, Jane.(2008) The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. Page 112 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC | Large quantity of plant remains were found at Rangpur. [[Pearl millet|Bajra]],<ref>McIntosh, Jane.(2008) The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. Page 112 [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=Rangpur]</ref> | ||
rice<ref name="books.google.com"/> | |||
(Period IIA) and [[Millet]] (Period HI) were found.<ref>Bridget and Raymond Allchin (1968) The Rise of Civilisaton in India and Pakistan. Page 245 [https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&pg=PA103 | (Period IIA) and [[Millet]] (Period HI) were found.<ref>Bridget and Raymond Allchin (1968) The Rise of Civilisaton in India and Pakistan. Page 245 [https://books.google.com/books?id=r4s-YsP6vcIC&q=Rangpur&pg=PA103]</ref> | ||
== Diet == | |||
People of Rangpur culture used rice and bajra for food. They also used to consume milk and curds from their domesticated animals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prakash |first=Om |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzpYb5UOeiwC |title=Cultural History of India |date=2005 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1587-2 |pages=450 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 93: | Line 97: | ||
[[Category:Indus Valley Civilisation sites]] | [[Category:Indus Valley Civilisation sites]] | ||
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Gujarat]] | [[Category:Archaeological sites in Gujarat]] | ||
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]] | [[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat]] | ||
[[Category:Villages in Surendranagar district]] | |||
Latest revision as of 00:06, 1 March 2026
  Shown within India | |
| Location | Surendranagar district, Gujarat, India |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 22°26′N 71°55′E / 22.433°N 71.917°E |
| Type | Settlement |
| History | |
| Periods | Harappan 1 to Iron Age |
| Cultures | Indus Valley civilization |
Rangpur is an ancient archaeological site in Surendranagar district near Vanala on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India. Lying on the tip between the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch, it belongs to the period of the Indus Valley civilization, and lies to the northwest of the larger site of Lothal.[1] It is the type site for the Rangpur culture, a regional form of the late phase of the Indus Valley Civilization that existed in Gujarat during the 2nd millennium BCE.
Excavation[edit | edit source]
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Rangpur culture: Based on the distinct pottery excavated here, it was identified as a separate culture or subculture.[2]
Trail Diggings were conducted by the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) during 1931 led by M.S.Vats. Later, Ghurye (1939), Dikshit (1947) and S. R. Rao (1953–56) excavated the site under ASI projects.[3]
S.R.Rao has classified the deposits into four periods with three sub periods in Harappan Culture, Period II with an earlier Period, Microlithic and a Middle Paleolithic State (River sections) with points, scrapers and blades of jasper. The dates given by S.R.Rao are:
- Period I - Microlithis unassociated with Pottery : 3000 BC
- Period II - Harappan : 2000–1500 BC
- Period II B - Late Harappan : 1500–1100 BC
- Period II C - Transition Phase of Harappa : 1100–1000 BC
- Period III - Lustrous Red Ware Period : 1000-800 BC.[3]
Architecture and town planning[edit | edit source]
Acacia wood was used in Rangpur for construction, tools and furniture.[4]
Artifacts found[edit | edit source]
Dishes with beaded rim and grooved shoulder, painted black - and redware and high-necked jars.[5] Evidence of shell working found.[6] Other artifacts found at the site include axes, beads of steatite and carnelian and Earthen wares.
Cultivation[edit | edit source]
Large quantity of plant remains were found at Rangpur. Bajra,[7] rice[1] (Period IIA) and Millet (Period HI) were found.[8]
Diet[edit | edit source]
People of Rangpur culture used rice and bajra for food. They also used to consume milk and curds from their domesticated animals.[9]
See also[edit | edit source]
- List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
- Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
- Ahar-Banas culture
- Late Harappan Phase of IVC (1900 - 1500 BCE)
- Cemetery H culture in Punjab
- Jhukar-Jhangar culture in Punjab
- Rangpur culture in Gujarat
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, by Upinder Singh
- ↑ The Harappan Civilisation: Its Sub-cultures, Daily Pioneer, 10 May 2018.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Excavations - Important - Gujarat". asi.nic.in. Archived from the original on 12 December 2007. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
- ↑ McIntosh, Jane.(2008) The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. Page 140 [1]
- ↑ Archeological Surve of India Publication: Indian Archeology 1955-56. Page 70 [2]
- ↑ Singh, Upinder (2008). A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 164. ISBN 9788131711200.
- ↑ McIntosh, Jane.(2008) The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. Page 112 [3]
- ↑ Bridget and Raymond Allchin (1968) The Rise of Civilisaton in India and Pakistan. Page 245 [4]
- ↑ Prakash, Om (2005). Cultural History of India. New Age International. p. 450. ISBN 978-81-224-1587-2.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Shikaripur Ranganatha Rao; Braj Basi Lal (1960). Excavation at Rangpur and Other Explorations in Gujarat.