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{{Short description|Indian peasant movement started in 1921}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} | |||
{{inline|date=June 2019}} | {{inline|date=June 2019}} | ||
'''Eka Movement''' or '''Unity Movement''' is a peasant movement which surfaced in [[Hardoi]], [[Bahraich]] and [[Sitapur]] during the end of 1921. Initially started by Congress and the | '''Eka Movement''' or '''Unity Movement''' is a peasant movement which surfaced in [[Hardoi]], [[Bahraich]], [[Barabanki]] and [[Sitapur]] of North Western Province of U.P during the end of 1921. Initially started by Congress and the Khilafat movement, it was later headed by [[Madari Pasi]]. The main reason for the movement was high rent, which was generally higher than 50% of recorded rent in some areas. Oppression by ''thekedars'' who were entrusted to collect rent and practice of share rent also contributed to this movement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian National Congress and Eka Movement in Awadh |url=https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v8i1/ART20194597.pdf |website=IJSR|accessdate=29 November 2022 |date=29 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
The Eka meetings were marked by a religious ritual in which a hole that represented River Ganga was dug in the ground and filled with water, a priest was brought in to preside and assembled peasants vowed that they would pay only recorded rent but pay it on time, would not leave when ejected, would refuse to do forced labour, would give no help to criminals and abide by the Panchayat decisions, they would not pay the revenue without receipt and would remain united under any circumstance. Small zamindars who were disenchanted with British Government due to heavy land revenue demand were also a part of this movement. | The Eka meetings were marked by a religious ritual in which a hole that represented River Ganga was dug in the ground and filled with water, a priest was brought in to preside and assembled peasants vowed that they would pay only recorded rent but pay it on time, would not leave when ejected, would refuse to do forced labour, would give no help to criminals and abide by the Panchayat decisions, they would not pay the revenue without receipt and would remain united under any circumstance. Small zamindars who were disenchanted with British Government due to heavy land revenue demand were also a part of this movement. | ||
Soon the leadership of Movement changed from Congress to Madari Pasi, a low caste leader who was not inclined to accept non-violence. This led the movement losing contact with nationalist class. Because in this the national leader was Mahatma Gandhi and his ideology was based on non violence. | Soon the leadership of Movement changed from Congress to Madari Pasi, a low caste leader who was not inclined to accept non-violence. This led the movement losing contact with nationalist class. Because in this the national leader was Mahatma Gandhi and his ideology was based on non violence. The loss of supporters and backing of Congress due to the violent turn of the movement made it easier for colonial authorities to repress the movement. Ā | ||
In March 1922, arresting of the leader Madari Pasi by the British government brought the Eka Movement to an end. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist}} | ||
Ā | |||
==External links== | |||
* ''India's Struggle for Independence'' by Bipin Chandra, Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, Suchetha Mahajan, KN Panikkar | * ''India's Struggle for Independence'' by Bipin Chandra, Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, Suchetha Mahajan, KN Panikkar | ||
*Ā [https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v8i1/ART20194597.pdf Indian National Congress and Eka Movement in Awadh] ISSN: 2319-7064 | |||
[[Category: Social movements in India]] | [[Category: Social movements in India]] | ||
[[Category:Indian independence movement]] | |||
[[Category:Peasant revolts in India]] | |||
Revision as of 02:28, 15 July 2025
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (June 2019) |
Eka Movement or Unity Movement is a peasant movement which surfaced in Hardoi, Bahraich, Barabanki and Sitapur of North Western Province of U.P during the end of 1921. Initially started by Congress and the Khilafat movement, it was later headed by Madari Pasi. The main reason for the movement was high rent, which was generally higher than 50% of recorded rent in some areas. Oppression by thekedars who were entrusted to collect rent and practice of share rent also contributed to this movement.[1]
The Eka meetings were marked by a religious ritual in which a hole that represented River Ganga was dug in the ground and filled with water, a priest was brought in to preside and assembled peasants vowed that they would pay only recorded rent but pay it on time, would not leave when ejected, would refuse to do forced labour, would give no help to criminals and abide by the Panchayat decisions, they would not pay the revenue without receipt and would remain united under any circumstance. Small zamindars who were disenchanted with British Government due to heavy land revenue demand were also a part of this movement.
Soon the leadership of Movement changed from Congress to Madari Pasi, a low caste leader who was not inclined to accept non-violence. This led the movement losing contact with nationalist class. Because in this the national leader was Mahatma Gandhi and his ideology was based on non violence. The loss of supporters and backing of Congress due to the violent turn of the movement made it easier for colonial authorities to repress the movement.
In March 1922, arresting of the leader Madari Pasi by the British government brought the Eka Movement to an end.
References
- ā "Indian National Congress and Eka Movement in Awadh" (PDF). IJSR. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
External links
- India's Struggle for Independence by Bipin Chandra, Mridula Mukherjee, Aditya Mukherjee, Suchetha Mahajan, KN Panikkar
- Indian National Congress and Eka Movement in Awadh ISSN: 2319-7064