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{{short description|Sikh symbol depicting Deg Tegh Fateh doctrine}} | {{short description|Sikh symbol depicting Deg Tegh Fateh doctrine}} | ||
[[File:Khanda (Sikh Symbol).svg|thumb|The Khanda, a symbol of Sikhs]] | |||
[[File:Khanda | {{Sikhism sidebar}} | ||
The ''' | The '''Khanda''' ({{langx|pa|ਖੰਡਾ|{{IAST|khaṇḍā}}}}) is the symbol of [[Sikhi]] (also known as Sikhism). It can be found on [[Nishan Sahib|Sikh flags]], decorating them in the middle.<ref name=":13a2">{{Cite book |author=Singh |first=Parkash |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date= |publisher=Punjabi University |year=2011 |isbn=8173803498 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=Harbans |edition=3rd |volume=III: M-R |location=Patiala |pages=239–240 |oclc=}}</ref> It attained its current form around the 1930s during the [[Ghadar Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs |url=http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/20thcentury/modern.html |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=www.sikhmuseum.com |archive-date=2022-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015193336/https://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/20thcentury/modern.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The modern Sikh symbol | == Description == | ||
[[File:Punjabi (Gurmukhi) promotional flyer advertising the upcoming birthday celebration of Guru Gobind Singh on 27 December 1911, Vancouver, Canada, circa December 1911 (detail of khanda symbol).jpg|thumb|Early Khanda design from a promotional flyer advertising the upcoming birthday celebration of Guru Gobind Singh, Vancouver, Canada, December 1911.]] | |||
The modern Sikh symbol is never written on or in any copy of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]]. The main symbol traditionally used in the Guru Granth Sahib and [[gurdwara]]s around the world is "[[Ik Onkar]]". Traditionally, it was very common to see "Ik Onkar" above the entrance to a gurdwara, or on the front page of the Guru Granth Sahib. The other one was the [[Ardh Chand]]. | |||
It is an amalgam of | It is an amalgam of 3 symbols:<ref name=rose>{{cite book | last = Rose | first = David | title = Sikhism photopack | publisher = Folens limited | date = 1995 | isbn = 1852767693 | page = 10}}</ref> | ||
* A double-edged [[khanda (sword)]] in the centre | * A double-edged [[khanda (sword)]] in the centre | ||
* A ''chakkar'' ([[chakram]]) | * A ''chakkar'' ([[chakram]]) | ||
* Two single-edged | * Two single-edged daggers, or [[kirpan]], crossed at the bottom, which sit on either side of the khanda and chakkar. They represent the dual characteristics of ''[[Miri piri|Miri-Piri]]'', indicating the integration of both spiritual and temporal sovereignty together and not treating them as two separate and distinct entities.<ref>{{cite book | last = Teece | first = Geoff | title = Sikhism | publisher = Black Rabbit Books | isbn = 1583404694 | page = 18}}</ref> The left sword is called Miri and the right sword is called Piri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-07 |title=Parts of Khanda (Sikh Emblem) - Khanda Infographic {{!}} Nitnem Sahib |url=https://nitnemsahib.com/parts-of-khanda-sikh-emblem-khanda-infographic/ |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=nitnemsahib.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929010927/https://nitnemsahib.com/parts-of-khanda-sikh-emblem-khanda-infographic/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
It depicts the Sikh doctrine ''[[Deg Tegh Fateh]]'' in [[Emblem|emblematic form]]. It consists of three weapons and a circle: the [[khanda (sword)|khanda]], two [[kirpan]]s and the chakkar which is a | It depicts the Sikh doctrine ''[[Deg Tegh Fateh]]'' in [[Emblem|emblematic form]]. It consists of three weapons and a circle: the [[khanda (sword)|khanda]], two [[kirpan]]s and the chakkar which is a sharp circular | ||
throwing weapon. Deg Teg Fateh ({{Langx|pa|ਦੇਗ ਤੇਗ਼ ਫ਼ਤਿਹ|links=no}}), or Victory to Charity and Arms) is a Sikh slogan and the title of an anthem in the Punjabi language that signifies the dual obligations of the Khalsa: The responsibility to provide food, and to provide protection, for the needy and oppressed. Deg refers to the "cauldron" and Tegh to the "sword". The cauldron or kettle symbolises charity and is a reference to the Sikh religious obligation to provide langar, the free distribution of food, to all people, irrespective of an individual's religion, caste or ethnicity. The sword, or (kirpan), represents the warrior code of the Khalsa. The Khanda icon conveys these two principles. It is the military emblem of the Sikhs. It is also part of the design of the ''[[Nishan Sahib]]''. A double-edged [[khanda (sword)]] is placed at the top of a Nishan Sahib flag as an ornament or [[finial]]. | |||
In recent years, the Khanda has been used to show solidarity within the Sikh community after high profile shootings in the | In recent years, the Khanda has been used to show solidarity within the Sikh community after high-profile shootings in the United States.<ref>Nolan, Bruce. [http://www.nola.com/religion/index.ssf/2012/08/sikhs_in_new_orleans_gather_to.html "Sikhs in New Orleans gather for Milwaukee shooting victims"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508112011/http://www.nola.com/religion/index.ssf/2012/08/sikhs_in_new_orleans_gather_to.html |date=2014-05-08 }}, ''[[The Times-Picayune]]'', New Orleans, 08 August 2012. Retrieved on 08 May 2014.</ref> | ||
Another symbol that may be confused with the Khanda is the ''aad chand'' ( | Another symbol that may be confused with the Khanda is the ''aad chand'' ({{Lit.|half moon}}) of the [[Nihang]], which consists of a ''khanda'' sword in the middle of a crescent, aligned with points upward.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs |url=http://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/mistaken/crescent.html |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=www.sikhmuseum.com |archive-date=2022-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016091348/https://www.sikhmuseum.com/nishan/mistaken/crescent.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
The symbol is encoded in [[Unicode]], at code point {{unichar|262C|}} in the [[Miscellaneous Symbols]] | == Character encodings and emoji == | ||
The symbol is encoded in [[Unicode]], at code point {{unichar|262C|ADI SHAKTI}} in the [[Miscellaneous Symbols]] block, and at {{unichar|1FAAF|KHANDA}} in the [[Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A]] block; the latter was added in Unicode 15.0 in 2022,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-15.0/U150-1FA70.pdf |title=Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A |work=Unicode 15.0 Versioned Charts (delta charts) |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |access-date=2023-09-01 |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526110207/https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-15.0/U150-1FA70.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> and defaults to colour [[emoji]] presentation. The approach of using a separate code point, rather than using an [[Variation Selectors (Unicode block)|emoji variation sequence]], was taken in this case<ref>{{cite web |url=https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2022-September/010317.html |title=Process of transforming existing glyphs to emojis via variants |date=2022-09-26 |last=Ewell |first=Doug |website=[[Unicode]] Mailing List Archives |access-date=2023-09-01 |archive-date=2023-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901125303/https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2022-September/010317.html |url-status=live }}</ref> since the use of variation sequences for emoji is now regarded as having been a mistake to begin with,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23252-legacy-disunification.pdf |title=Proposal to disunify Symbols for Legacy Computing from emoji |first1=Rebecca |last1=Bettencourt |first2=Doug |last2=Ewell |id=[[Unicode Technical Committee|UTC]] L2/23-252 |access-date=2023-11-17 |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526110207/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2023/23252-legacy-disunification.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Holbrook |first=Ned |date=2022-04-14 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |title=Emoji Subcommittee Repo for UTC #171 (2022Q2) |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22066-esc-report-q2.pdf |access-date=2025-10-11 |id=[[Unicode Technical Committee|UTC]] L2/22-066 |page=2}}</ref> although [[Samsung]] had already implemented a colour glyph for {{tt|U+262C}} since 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://emojipedia.org/samsung/touchwiz-2.0/adi-shakti |title=Adi Shakti on Samsung TouchWiz Nature UX 2 |publisher=[[Emojipedia]] |access-date=2023-09-01 |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526110210/https://emojipedia.org/samsung/touchwiz-2.0/adi-shakti |url-status=live }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Sikhism}} | {{Sikhism}} | ||
[[Category:Sikh symbols]] | [[Category:Sikh symbols]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:29, 23 January 2026
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The Khanda (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is the symbol of Sikhi (also known as Sikhism). It can be found on Sikh flags, decorating them in the middle.[1] It attained its current form around the 1930s during the Ghadar Movement.[2]
Description[edit | edit source]
_promotional_flyer_advertising_the_upcoming_birthday_celebration_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh_on_27_December_1911,_Vancouver,_Canada,_circa_December_1911_(detail_of_khanda_symbol).jpg)
The modern Sikh symbol is never written on or in any copy of the Guru Granth Sahib. The main symbol traditionally used in the Guru Granth Sahib and gurdwaras around the world is "Ik Onkar". Traditionally, it was very common to see "Ik Onkar" above the entrance to a gurdwara, or on the front page of the Guru Granth Sahib. The other one was the Ardh Chand.
It is an amalgam of 3 symbols:[3]
- A double-edged khanda (sword) in the centre
- A chakkar (chakram)
- Two single-edged daggers, or kirpan, crossed at the bottom, which sit on either side of the khanda and chakkar. They represent the dual characteristics of Miri-Piri, indicating the integration of both spiritual and temporal sovereignty together and not treating them as two separate and distinct entities.[4] The left sword is called Miri and the right sword is called Piri.[5]
It depicts the Sikh doctrine Deg Tegh Fateh in emblematic form. It consists of three weapons and a circle: the khanda, two kirpans and the chakkar which is a sharp circular throwing weapon. Deg Teg Fateh (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), or Victory to Charity and Arms) is a Sikh slogan and the title of an anthem in the Punjabi language that signifies the dual obligations of the Khalsa: The responsibility to provide food, and to provide protection, for the needy and oppressed. Deg refers to the "cauldron" and Tegh to the "sword". The cauldron or kettle symbolises charity and is a reference to the Sikh religious obligation to provide langar, the free distribution of food, to all people, irrespective of an individual's religion, caste or ethnicity. The sword, or (kirpan), represents the warrior code of the Khalsa. The Khanda icon conveys these two principles. It is the military emblem of the Sikhs. It is also part of the design of the Nishan Sahib. A double-edged khanda (sword) is placed at the top of a Nishan Sahib flag as an ornament or finial.
In recent years, the Khanda has been used to show solidarity within the Sikh community after high-profile shootings in the United States.[6]
Another symbol that may be confused with the Khanda is the aad chand (Template:Lit.) of the Nihang, which consists of a khanda sword in the middle of a crescent, aligned with points upward.[7]
Character encodings and emoji[edit | edit source]
The symbol is encoded in Unicode, at code point U+262C ☬ ADI SHAKTI in the Miscellaneous Symbols block, and at U+1FAAF 🪯 KHANDA in the Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A block; the latter was added in Unicode 15.0 in 2022,[8] and defaults to colour emoji presentation. The approach of using a separate code point, rather than using an emoji variation sequence, was taken in this case[9] since the use of variation sequences for emoji is now regarded as having been a mistake to begin with,[10][11] although Samsung had already implemented a colour glyph for U+262C since 2013.[12]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Singh, Parkash (2011). Singh, Harbans (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism. Vol. III: M-R (3rd ed.). Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 239–240. ISBN 8173803498.
- ↑ "Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs". www.sikhmuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-15. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
- ↑ Rose, David (1995). Sikhism photopack. Folens limited. p. 10. ISBN 1852767693.
- ↑ Teece, Geoff. Sikhism. Black Rabbit Books. p. 18. ISBN 1583404694.
- ↑ "Parts of Khanda (Sikh Emblem) - Khanda Infographic | Nitnem Sahib". nitnemsahib.com. 2021-10-07. Archived from the original on 2022-09-29. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
- ↑ Nolan, Bruce. "Sikhs in New Orleans gather for Milwaukee shooting victims" Archived 2014-05-08 at the Wayback Machine, The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, 08 August 2012. Retrieved on 08 May 2014.
- ↑ "Nishan Sahib Khanda Sikh Symbols Sikh Museum History Heritage Sikhs". www.sikhmuseum.com. Archived from the original on 2022-10-16. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
- ↑ "Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A" (PDF). Unicode 15.0 Versioned Charts (delta charts). Unicode Consortium. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ↑ Ewell, Doug (2022-09-26). "Process of transforming existing glyphs to emojis via variants". Unicode Mailing List Archives. Archived from the original on 2023-09-01. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ↑ Bettencourt, Rebecca; Ewell, Doug. "Proposal to disunify Symbols for Legacy Computing from emoji" (PDF). UTC L2/23-252. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ↑ Holbrook, Ned (2022-04-14). "Emoji Subcommittee Repo for UTC #171 (2022Q2)" (PDF). Unicode Consortium. p. 2. UTC L2/22-066. Retrieved 2025-10-11.
- ↑ "Adi Shakti on Samsung TouchWiz Nature UX 2". Emojipedia. Archived from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved 2023-09-01.