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{{Short description|Ancient tribe of Africans or Indians who performed artificial cranial deformation}}{{about|the ancient tribe|the medical condition|Macrocephaly}} | {{Short description|Ancient tribe of Africans or Indians who performed artificial cranial deformation}}{{about|the ancient tribe|the medical condition|Macrocephaly}} | ||
The '''Macrocephali''' (" | The '''Macrocephali''' ({{langx|grc|Μακροκέφαλοι}}; "long-headed people") were ancient tribes living near the Black Sea who performed [[artificial cranial deformation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theoi.com/Phylos/Makrokephaloi.html|title=Macrocephali|accessdate=2008-12-28|work=[[Theoi Greek Mythology]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Museum of Foreign Literature, Science and Arts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TucXAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA612|year=1842|publisher=E. Littell|page=612}}</ref> | ||
Their cultural practice of artificially shaping the skulls of their children was mentioned by [[Hesiod]], [[Hippocrates]],<ref>Hippocrates of Cos (1923) [''ca.'' 400 BC] Airs, Waters, and Places, Part 14, e.g., Loeb Classic Library Vol. 147, pp. 110-111 (W. H. S. Jones, transl., DOI: 10.4159/DLCL.hippocrates_cos-airs_waters_places.1923, see [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/hippocrates_cos-airs_waters_places/1923/pb_LCL147.111.xml?rskey=NcreTt&result=1&mainRsKey=ZaPSey]. Alternatively, the Adams 1849 and subsequent English editions (e.g., 1891), ''The Genuine Works of Hippocrates'' (Francis Adams, transl.), New York, NY, USA: William Wood, at the [MIT] Internet Classics Archive (Daniel C. Stevenson, compiler), see [ | [[Pliny the Elder]], [[Pomponius Mela]], and [[Scylax]] all mention a people by this name living northeast of the region of [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]]. While the writer of the [[Periplus of the Euxine Sea]] identifies the Macrocephali with the [[Macrones]], but Pliny clearly considers them separate groups.<ref name="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Macrocephali">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D1%3Aentry%3Dmacrocephali-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Macrocephali]</ref> | ||
Their cultural practice of artificially shaping the skulls of their children was mentioned by [[Hesiod]], [[Hippocrates]],<ref>Hippocrates of Cos (1923) [''ca.'' 400 BC] Airs, Waters, and Places, Part 14, e.g., Loeb Classic Library Vol. 147, pp. 110-111 (W. H. S. Jones, transl., DOI: 10.4159/DLCL.hippocrates_cos-airs_waters_places.1923, see [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/hippocrates_cos-airs_waters_places/1923/pb_LCL147.111.xml?rskey=NcreTt&result=1&mainRsKey=ZaPSey]. Alternatively, the Adams 1849 and subsequent English editions (e.g., 1891), ''The Genuine Works of Hippocrates'' (Francis Adams, transl.), New York, NY, USA: William Wood, at the [MIT] Internet Classics Archive (Daniel C. Stevenson, compiler), see [https://classics.mit.edu/Hippocrates/airwatpl.14.14.html]. Alternatively, the Clifton 1752 English editions, "Hippocrates Upon Air, Water, and Situation; Upon Epidemical Diseases; and Upon Prognosticks, In Acute Cases especially. To which is added…" Second edition, pp. 22-23 (Francis Clifton, transl.), London, GBR: John Whiston and Benj. White; and Lockyer Davis, see [https://books.google.com/books?id=LNhhAAAAcAAJ]. All web versions accessed 1 August 2015.</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0248%3Atext%3DAer.%3Asection%3D14 Hippocrates, De aere aquis et locis, Charles Darwin Adams, Ed., 14]</ref>[[Pomponius Mela]], [[Pliny the Elder]], [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus|Valerius Flaccus]], [[Xenophon]], [[Strabo]], and [[Eustathius of Epiphania|Eustathius]]. | |||
[[Strabo]] mentions that the [[Siginni]] (Σίγιννοι), a barbaric tribe living near the Caucasus Mountains, deliberately altered the shape of their heads to make them appear longer.<ref name="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Macrocephali"/> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 17:21, 19 September 2025
The Macrocephali (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; "long-headed people") were ancient tribes living near the Black Sea who performed artificial cranial deformation.[1][2]
Pliny the Elder, Pomponius Mela, and Scylax all mention a people by this name living northeast of the region of Pontus. While the writer of the Periplus of the Euxine Sea identifies the Macrocephali with the Macrones, but Pliny clearly considers them separate groups.[3]
Their cultural practice of artificially shaping the skulls of their children was mentioned by Hesiod, Hippocrates,[4][5]Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, Valerius Flaccus, Xenophon, Strabo, and Eustathius.
Strabo mentions that the Siginni (Σίγιννοι), a barbaric tribe living near the Caucasus Mountains, deliberately altered the shape of their heads to make them appear longer.[3]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Macrocephali". Theoi Greek Mythology. Retrieved 2008-12-28.
- ↑ Museum of Foreign Literature, Science and Arts. E. Littell. 1842. p. 612.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Macrocephali
- ↑ Hippocrates of Cos (1923) [ca. 400 BC] Airs, Waters, and Places, Part 14, e.g., Loeb Classic Library Vol. 147, pp. 110-111 (W. H. S. Jones, transl., DOI: 10.4159/DLCL.hippocrates_cos-airs_waters_places.1923, see [1]. Alternatively, the Adams 1849 and subsequent English editions (e.g., 1891), The Genuine Works of Hippocrates (Francis Adams, transl.), New York, NY, USA: William Wood, at the [MIT] Internet Classics Archive (Daniel C. Stevenson, compiler), see [2]. Alternatively, the Clifton 1752 English editions, "Hippocrates Upon Air, Water, and Situation; Upon Epidemical Diseases; and Upon Prognosticks, In Acute Cases especially. To which is added…" Second edition, pp. 22-23 (Francis Clifton, transl.), London, GBR: John Whiston and Benj. White; and Lockyer Davis, see [3]. All web versions accessed 1 August 2015.
- ↑ Hippocrates, De aere aquis et locis, Charles Darwin Adams, Ed., 14