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{{Short description|1760 battle of the Seven Years' War}} | |||
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}} | {{EngvarB|date=March 2014}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}} | ||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
| conflict = Battle of Wandiwash | | conflict = Battle of Wandiwash | ||
| image = | | image = Bataille de Vandavachy - gagnée par les Anglais sur les Français le 22 janvier 1760 - communiqué par d'Estaing - btv1b532541002.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = | | caption = French map of the battle | ||
| partof = [[Seven Years' War]] | | partof = the [[Seven Years' War]] | ||
| campaign = | | campaign = | ||
| date = 22 January 1760 | | date = 22 January 1760 | ||
| place = [[Vandavasi]], Tamil Nadu, India | | place = [[Vandavasi]], Tamil Nadu, India | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|12.5000|N|79.6200|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title,inline}} | | coordinates = {{coord|12.5000|N|79.6200|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:IN|display=title,inline}} | ||
| | | map_type = Tamil Nadu#India | ||
| combatant1 = | | map_relief = yes | ||
| combatant2 = | | latitude = | ||
| commander1 = [[ | | longitude = | ||
| commander2 = [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally|Comte de Lally]] | | map_size = | ||
| strength1 = 1,900 European | | map_marksize = | ||
| strength2 = 2,250 European | | map_caption = Location within [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| casualties1 = | | map_label = Wandiwash | ||
| casualties2 = | | result = British victory | ||
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg}} [[British East India Company]] | |||
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png}} [[French Indies Company]] <br> {{flagicon image|Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg}} [[Maratha Empire]] | |||
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1707).svg}} [[Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]] | |||
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Drapeau du régiment de la Compagnie des Indes en 1756.png}} [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally|Comte de Lally]] | |||
| strength1 = 1,900 European infantry<br>2,100 Indian [[sepoys]]<br>80 European cavalry<br>250 Indian cavalry<br>26 guns | |||
| strength2 = 2,250 European infantry<br>1,300 Indian sepoys<br>300 European cavalry<br>3,000 Maratha infantry<br>16 guns | |||
| casualties1 = 192 killed or wounded | |||
| casualties2 = 600–800 killed, wounded or captured<ref> https://www.historynet.com/seven-years-war-battle-of-wandiwash/ </ref> | |||
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Seven Years' War: East Indies}} | | campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Seven Years' War: East Indies}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Battle of Wandiwash''' was a battle in [[British India|India]] between the French and the British in 1760. The battle was part of the [[Third Carnatic War]] fought between the [[French colonial empire|French]] and [[British Empire|British]] colonial empires, which itself was a part of the global [[Seven Years' War]]. It took place at [[Vandavasi]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Having made substantial gains in Bengal and Hyderabad, the British, after collecting a large amount of revenue, were fully equipped to face the French in Wandiwash, whom they defeated. | The '''Battle of Wandiwash''' was a battle in [[British India|India]] between the French and the British in 1760. The battle was part of the [[Third Carnatic War]] fought between the [[French colonial empire|French]] and [[British Empire|British]] colonial empires, which itself was a part of the global [[Seven Years' War]]. It took place at [[Vandavasi]] (Wandiwash being the [[Anglicisation of names|Anglicised]] pronunciation<ref>[http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=pseudowar&FileName=americanrev Heritage History – List of Battles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711163642/http://www.heritage-history.com/www/heritage.php?Dir=pseudowar&FileName=americanrev|date=11 July 2011}}, retrieved 30 September 2008</ref>) in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Having made substantial gains in Bengal and Hyderabad, the British, after collecting a large amount of revenue, were fully equipped to face the French in Wandiwash, whom they defeated. | ||
==Order of battle== | ==Order of battle== | ||
According to the 19th century book ''Annals of the Wars of the Eighteenth Century'' by Author Eduard Cust, the French Army consisted of 300 [[Cavalry#18th Century Europe and Napoleonic Warfare|European Cavalry]], 2,250 European [[infantry]], 1,300 [[sepoy]]s (soldiers), 3,000 [[ | According to the 19th century book ''Annals of the Wars of the Eighteenth Century'' by Author Eduard Cust, the French Army consisted of 300 [[Cavalry#18th Century Europe and Napoleonic Warfare|European Cavalry]], 2,250 European [[infantry]], 1,300 [[sepoy]]s (Indian soldiers), 3,000 [[The Marathas|Marathas]] and 16 pieces of [[artillery]] while the British deployed about 80 European Horses, 250 Native horses, 1,900 European [[Infantry]], 2,100 sepoys and 26 pieces of artillery.<ref name="asdfe">{{cite book | title= Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century, compiled from the most authentic histories of the period , Volume 3 | author= Eduard Cust (1862) }}</ref> | ||
==Battle== | ==Battle== | ||
[[File:Vandavasi.jpg|thumb| | [[File:Fort - Vandavasi.jpg|thumb|Fort of Vandavasi]] | ||
The French, commanded by the [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally|Comte de Lally]], were burdened by a lack of naval support and funds, and therefore attempted to regain the fort of [[Vandavasi]], now in [[Tamil Nadu]]. While attempting to do so, they were attacked by British forces commanded by [[ | The French, commanded by the [[Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally|Comte de Lally]], were burdened by a lack of naval support and funds,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mullen, Jr. |first=Thomas J. |date=2006-08-21 |title=Seven Years' War: Battle of Wandiwash |url=https://www.historynet.com/seven-years-war-battle-of-wandiwash/ |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=HistoryNet |language=en-US}}</ref> and therefore attempted to regain the fort of [[Vandavasi]], now in [[Tamil Nadu]]. While attempting to do so, they were attacked by British forces commanded by [[Eyre Coote (East India Company officer)|Sir Eyre Coote]], and in the ensuing battle, the French were decisively defeated. | ||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
[[File:India 1763 EN.svg|thumb|left|300px|Political situation in India at the end of the Seven Years' War]] | [[File:India 1763 EN.svg|thumb|left|300px|Political situation in India at the end of the Seven Years' War]] | ||
The Battle of Wandiwash resulted in the British capture of Chetpattu ([[Chetpet]]), Tirunomalai ([[Thiruvannaamalai]]), [[Tindivanam]] and [[Perumukkal]].<ref name="sdgfasdfe">{{cite book | title= Manual of the South Arcot district | year= 1878 | url= https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.12222 | author= John Henry Garstin, Lawrence Asylum Press (1878) }}</ref> As a consequence of the engagement, the French in South India, under the command of general [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]], were then restricted to [[Pondicherry district|Pondichéry]], where they surrendered on 22 January 1761. The collapse of the French position in India was one of the events that compelled France to sign the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]], reducing the French to little more than traders in India, and effectively ending further French imperial ambitions in that country. Britain, on the other hand, established its supremacy in India over other European powers after this battle. | The Battle of Wandiwash resulted in the British capture of Chetpattu ([[Chetpet]]), Tirunomalai ([[Thiruvannaamalai]]), [[Tindivanam]] and [[Perumukkal]].<ref name="sdgfasdfe">{{cite book | title= Manual of the South Arcot district | year= 1878 | url= https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.12222 | author= John Henry Garstin, Lawrence Asylum Press (1878) | publisher= Madras }}</ref> As a consequence of the engagement, the French in South India, under the command of general [[Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau]], were then restricted to [[Pondicherry district|Pondichéry]], where they surrendered on 22 January 1761 after defending pondicherry for eight months. The collapse of the French position in India was one of the events that compelled France to sign the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]], reducing the French to little more than traders in India, and effectively ending further French imperial ambitions in that country. Britain, on the other hand, established its supremacy in India over other European powers after this battle.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramakrishnan |first=T. |date=2022-12-22 |title=The famous Battle of Wandiwash 'which gave India' to the British |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-famous-battle-of-wandiwash-which-gave-india-to-the-british/article66293916.ece |url-access=limited |access-date=2022-12-26 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 46: | Line 54: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://www.historynet.com/seven-years-war-battle-of-wandiwash.htm Thomas J. Mullen, Jr. Seven | * [http://www.historynet.com/seven-years-war-battle-of-wandiwash.htm Thomas J. Mullen, Jr. Seven Years' War: Battle of Wandiwash February 1994 issue of Military History magazine] | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Wandiwash}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Battle of Wandiwash}} | ||
[[Category:Colonial India]] | [[Category:Colonial India]] | ||
[[Category:Former French colonies]] | [[Category:Former French colonies]] | ||
[[Category:Battles involving the British East India Company|Wandiwash]] | [[Category:Battles involving the British East India Company|Wandiwash]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Carnatic wars]] | ||
[[Category:Battles of the East Indies Campaign (1757–1763)|Wandiwash]] | [[Category:Battles of the East Indies Campaign (1757–1763)|Wandiwash]] | ||
[[Category:Conflicts in 1760]] | [[Category:Conflicts in 1760|Wandiwash]] | ||
[[Category:1760 in India]] | [[Category:1760 in India]] | ||
[[Category:Battles involving the French East India Company]] | [[Category:Battles involving the French East India Company|Wandiwash]] | ||
[[Category:18th century in French India]] | [[Category:18th century in French India]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:08, 14 March 2026
| Battle of Wandiwash | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Seven Years' War | |||||||
 French map of the battle | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 British East India Company |
 French Indies Company  Maratha Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Sir Eyre Coote |
Comte de Lally | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
1,900 European infantry 2,100 Indian sepoys 80 European cavalry 250 Indian cavalry 26 guns |
2,250 European infantry 1,300 Indian sepoys 300 European cavalry 3,000 Maratha infantry 16 guns | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 192 killed or wounded | 600–800 killed, wounded or captured[1] | ||||||
  Wandiwash Location within Tamil Nadu  Wandiwash Wandiwash (India) | |||||||
The Battle of Wandiwash was a battle in India between the French and the British in 1760. The battle was part of the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and British colonial empires, which itself was a part of the global Seven Years' War. It took place at Vandavasi (Wandiwash being the Anglicised pronunciation[2]) in Tamil Nadu. Having made substantial gains in Bengal and Hyderabad, the British, after collecting a large amount of revenue, were fully equipped to face the French in Wandiwash, whom they defeated.
Order of battle[edit | edit source]
According to the 19th century book Annals of the Wars of the Eighteenth Century by Author Eduard Cust, the French Army consisted of 300 European Cavalry, 2,250 European infantry, 1,300 sepoys (Indian soldiers), 3,000 Marathas and 16 pieces of artillery while the British deployed about 80 European Horses, 250 Native horses, 1,900 European Infantry, 2,100 sepoys and 26 pieces of artillery.[3]
Battle[edit | edit source]
The French, commanded by the Comte de Lally, were burdened by a lack of naval support and funds,[4] and therefore attempted to regain the fort of Vandavasi, now in Tamil Nadu. While attempting to do so, they were attacked by British forces commanded by Sir Eyre Coote, and in the ensuing battle, the French were decisively defeated.
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
The Battle of Wandiwash resulted in the British capture of Chetpattu (Chetpet), Tirunomalai (Thiruvannaamalai), Tindivanam and Perumukkal.[5] As a consequence of the engagement, the French in South India, under the command of general Marquis de Bussy-Castelnau, were then restricted to Pondichéry, where they surrendered on 22 January 1761 after defending pondicherry for eight months. The collapse of the French position in India was one of the events that compelled France to sign the Treaty of Paris, reducing the French to little more than traders in India, and effectively ending further French imperial ambitions in that country. Britain, on the other hand, established its supremacy in India over other European powers after this battle.[6]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ https://www.historynet.com/seven-years-war-battle-of-wandiwash/
- ↑ Heritage History – List of Battles Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 30 September 2008
- ↑ Eduard Cust (1862). Annals of the wars of the eighteenth century, compiled from the most authentic histories of the period , Volume 3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Mullen, Jr., Thomas J. (21 August 2006). "Seven Years' War: Battle of Wandiwash". HistoryNet. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ↑ John Henry Garstin, Lawrence Asylum Press (1878) (1878). Manual of the South Arcot district. Madras.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ Ramakrishnan, T. (22 December 2022). "The famous Battle of Wandiwash 'which gave India' to the British". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 26 December 2022.