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{{short description|Tax officer in some South Asian countries}} | {{short description|Tax officer in some South Asian countries}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}} | |||
[[File:తహసీల్దార్_కార్యాలయం_వర్ధన్నపేట.jpg | thumb | right | Tehsildar office in [[Wardhannapet]], Telangana]] | |||
In | In [[Bangladesh]], [[India]], and [[Pakistan]], a '''tehsildar''', '''talukdar''', or '''mamlatdar''' is a land revenue officer accompanied by revenue inspectors. They are in charge of obtaining taxes from a [[tehsil]] with regard to land revenue. A tehsildar is also known as an executive magistrate of the relevant tehsil. The immediate subordinate of a tehsildar is known as a ''naib tehsildar''. | ||
The immediate subordinate of a tehsildar is known as a | |||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
The term is assumed to be of [[Mughal tribe|Mughal]] origin | The term is assumed to be of [[Mughal tribe|Mughal]] origin and is perhaps a union of the words "tehsil" and "dar". "[[wikt:تحصيل#Noun|Tehsil]]" is an [[Arabic]] word meaning "revenue collection", and "dar" is a [[Persian language|Persian]] word meaning "holder of a position".{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} Mamlatdar is a synonymous term used in some Indian states that comes from the Hindi word ''māmala'' (मामला), which is derived from the Arabic ''muʿāmala'' (مُعَامَلَة – "conduct, dealing, handling").<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mamlatdar's Courts Act, 1906, India-legitquest |url=https://www.legitquest.com/act/mamlatdar-s-courts-act-1906/72E7 |access-date=30 April 2022 |website=www.legitquest.com |at=Please look in the 'Section 3 - Interpretation' under title 'Notes'}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2022}} | ||
==India== | ==India== | ||
===British rule=== | ===British rule=== | ||
During [[British Raj|British rule]], a tehsildar was most likely a [[Stipendiary Magistrate|stipendiary]] officer of the government, employed to raise revenue. The position was called | During [[British Raj|British rule]], a tehsildar was most likely a [[Stipendiary Magistrate|stipendiary]] officer of the government, employed to raise revenue. The position was called '''mamlatdar''' in [[Goa]] and some parts of [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://raigad.nic.in/DG/1964/gen_admin_collector.html|title=1964 Administration Collectors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410074908/http://raigad.nic.in/DG/1964/gen_admin_collector.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 April 2009}}</ref> It was subsequently used by Pakistan and India following their independence from the [[British Empire]]. Tehsildar is also known as Talukdar in some states of [[India]]. In Assam, Bengal, and parts of Jharkhand, a tehsildar is known as a [[Mouzadar]]. | ||
===Independence=== | ===Independence=== | ||
Tehsildar are Class 1 | Tehsildar are Class 1 gazetted officers in most states of India. In Uttar Pradesh, tehsildar are given powers of assistant collector Grade I. They also are given judicial power. They implement the various policies of the [[Tehsil|taluka]] and are subject to the [[District magistrate|district collector]]. Officers holding the post of tehsildar preside over matters related to land, tax, and revenue. Tehsildar were first appointed as Naib Tehsildars after successful completion of a State Service Exam (i.e. [[Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission|UP-PSC]] in Uttar Pradesh, [[Himachal Pradesh Public Service Commission|HP-PSC]] in Himachal Pradesh, [[Rajasthan Public Service Commission|RPSC]] in Rajasthan, [[Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission|MP-PSC]] in Madhya Pradesh, [[Bihar Public Service Commission|BPSC]] in Bihar, [[Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission|AP-PSC]] in Andhra Pradesh, [[Telangana State Public Service Commission|TSPSC]] in Telangana, or other equivalent exams in other states of India), or promoted from a subordinate post like Kanoongo (also known as Revenue Inspectors). In Uttar Pradesh, tehsildar are promoted from Naib Tehsildar. Later on, they get promoted to the post of [[sub-divisional magistrate]]. | ||
In | In Goa, the mamlatdar heads the [[taluka]] revenue office. While each taluka has a mamlatdar, there are also several joint mamlatdars and the work is distributed among them.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.southgoa.nic.in/collectorate.htm |title=Collectorate |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530034908/http://www.southgoa.nic.in/collectorate.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
Each state is divided into districts. The district's senior civil servant is the | Each state is divided into districts. The district's senior civil servant is the district collector/district magistrate, who is an officer from the [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] cadre. These districts are further subdivided into [[revenue subdivisions]] or prants (West India). Each subdivision is under the charge of an officer designated as a sub-divisional magistrate (SDM), or deputy collector, who is a member of the State Civil Service cadre. In the revenue department, the deputy collector reports to the district revenue officer (DRO), who is also called the additional district magistrate (ADM Revenue) and is the person in charge of the revenue department for the district. The DRO in turn reports to the district collector (also called district magistrate, or DM), who is in charge of overall management of the district across all departments.<ref>{{cite web |title=District administration |url=https://chennai.nic.in/district-administration/ |access-date=23 November 2017 |website=Chennai District}}</ref> Deputy collectors are hired through State Service Selection Commissions, whereas DROs and district collectors are usually Centre Civil Services employees appointed to the state cadre. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Tax collectors]] | [[Category:Tax collectors]] | ||
[[Category:Taxation in Pakistan]] | [[Category:Taxation in Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hindi words and phrases]] | ||
[[Category:Urdu words and phrases]] | |||
[[Category:Taxation in India]] | [[Category:Taxation in India]] | ||
[[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]] | [[Category:Titles in Bangladesh]] | ||
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]] | [[Category:Titles in Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:Titles in India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 03:50, 14 February 2026
In Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, a tehsildar, talukdar, or mamlatdar is a land revenue officer accompanied by revenue inspectors. They are in charge of obtaining taxes from a tehsil with regard to land revenue. A tehsildar is also known as an executive magistrate of the relevant tehsil. The immediate subordinate of a tehsildar is known as a naib tehsildar.
Etymology[edit | edit source]
The term is assumed to be of Mughal origin and is perhaps a union of the words "tehsil" and "dar". "Tehsil" is an Arabic word meaning "revenue collection", and "dar" is a Persian word meaning "holder of a position".[citation needed] Mamlatdar is a synonymous term used in some Indian states that comes from the Hindi word māmala (मामला), which is derived from the Arabic muʿāmala (مُعَامَلَة – "conduct, dealing, handling").[1][better source needed]
India[edit | edit source]
British rule[edit | edit source]
During British rule, a tehsildar was most likely a stipendiary officer of the government, employed to raise revenue. The position was called mamlatdar in Goa and some parts of Maharashtra.[2] It was subsequently used by Pakistan and India following their independence from the British Empire. Tehsildar is also known as Talukdar in some states of India. In Assam, Bengal, and parts of Jharkhand, a tehsildar is known as a Mouzadar.
Independence[edit | edit source]
Tehsildar are Class 1 gazetted officers in most states of India. In Uttar Pradesh, tehsildar are given powers of assistant collector Grade I. They also are given judicial power. They implement the various policies of the taluka and are subject to the district collector. Officers holding the post of tehsildar preside over matters related to land, tax, and revenue. Tehsildar were first appointed as Naib Tehsildars after successful completion of a State Service Exam (i.e. UP-PSC in Uttar Pradesh, HP-PSC in Himachal Pradesh, RPSC in Rajasthan, MP-PSC in Madhya Pradesh, BPSC in Bihar, AP-PSC in Andhra Pradesh, TSPSC in Telangana, or other equivalent exams in other states of India), or promoted from a subordinate post like Kanoongo (also known as Revenue Inspectors). In Uttar Pradesh, tehsildar are promoted from Naib Tehsildar. Later on, they get promoted to the post of sub-divisional magistrate.
In Goa, the mamlatdar heads the taluka revenue office. While each taluka has a mamlatdar, there are also several joint mamlatdars and the work is distributed among them.[3]
Each state is divided into districts. The district's senior civil servant is the district collector/district magistrate, who is an officer from the IAS cadre. These districts are further subdivided into revenue subdivisions or prants (West India). Each subdivision is under the charge of an officer designated as a sub-divisional magistrate (SDM), or deputy collector, who is a member of the State Civil Service cadre. In the revenue department, the deputy collector reports to the district revenue officer (DRO), who is also called the additional district magistrate (ADM Revenue) and is the person in charge of the revenue department for the district. The DRO in turn reports to the district collector (also called district magistrate, or DM), who is in charge of overall management of the district across all departments.[4] Deputy collectors are hired through State Service Selection Commissions, whereas DROs and district collectors are usually Centre Civil Services employees appointed to the state cadre.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Mamlatdar's Courts Act, 1906, India-legitquest". www.legitquest.com. Please look in the 'Section 3 - Interpretation' under title 'Notes'. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
- ↑ "1964 Administration Collectors". Archived from the original on 10 April 2009.
- ↑ "Collectorate". Archived from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
- ↑ "District administration". Chennai District. Retrieved 23 November 2017.