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{Short description|Clan of Gurjar community}} | |||
'''Hun'''<ref name="warikoo"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khari |first=Rahul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1lGgAAAAMAAJ |title=Jats and Gujars: Origin, History and Culture |date=2007 |publisher=Reference Press |isbn=978-81-8405-031-8 |pages=85 |language=en |quote=Hoon or Hun is a clan found amongst Gujars in several villages in Meerut . Hoon or Hun is a clan that is found amongst Gujars only in India . Their villages are found near Meerut and the most famous village is ' Nawalka ' . Gujar clans ..}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Dass |first=Arvind |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAhuAAAAMAAJ&q=Hun+Gujar+mentioned |title=Caste System: Caste commentaries and documentation |date=2002 |publisher=Dominant Publishers and Distributors |isbn=978-81-7888-029-7 |pages=109 |language=en |quote=The Gujar have families of more than one gotra. The predominance of the Hun gotra is quite significant. In this caste Ghasi Patel is very influential. He has now been elected a member of the new Panchayat.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYsiAQAAMAAJ |title=The Anthropologist: volume 12 |date=1966 |publisher=Department of Anthropology, University of Dehli |pages=35 |language=en |quote=Hun still is the name of a Gujars sect (clan). The Jat tribes also entered India and at present they live in Delhi , Punjab.}}</ref> or Huna<ref name=":2" /> is an ancient clan of the [[Gurjar]] ethnic community of Pakistan, Afghanistan, and India. Historically, they were also known by the name of [[Huna Kingdom|Huna]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ&dq=Huna+gujar&pg=PA133 |title=History of Indian Nation : Ancient India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K.K. Publications |pages=133 |language=en |quote=The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.}}</ref> They are primarily Hindu, while some are Muslim in [[Kashmir]] and Pakistan. In mountainous areas, they speak the [[Gujari language|Gujari]] language, as well as other indigenous dialects. | |||
==History== | |||
===Pre-history=== | |||
A community referred to as Huns are mentioned in a number of ancient Indian religious or historic Sanskrit or Vedic texts as [[Hara Huna Kingdom|Hara Huna]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Nyamdavaa |first=Oidov |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rNBwAAAAMAAJ |title=Mongolia-India Relations |date=2003 |publisher=Bhavana Books & Prints |isbn=978-81-86505-61-8 |pages=3 |language=en |quote=It has been suggested that the word HARA stands for the old Persian word , Karamir or Kharamir which means " red " or deep colour. In other words , the '''HARAHUNA''' means " red Huna wich referred to the Harahuna in the Mahabharata...}}</ref> (Hada Huna), [[Huna Kingdom|Huna]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Kumāra |first=Braja Bihārī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lJI9avHstYC&dq=Huna+mentioned+in+Mahabharata&pg=PA4 |title=India and Central Asia: Classical to Contemporary Periods |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-457-8 |pages=4 |language=en |quote=There is mention of Shakas, Pahlavas (Persians), Kambojas (Galcha speaking people of Tazikistan), Rishik (Yueh-chi or Kushanas) at one place in the Mahabharata (5.4.15). At another place, China, '''Huna''' and Shaka is mentioned (Mahabharat 2.47.19). Kanka (Kangyu of Sogd) are mentioned with Shaka and Tushara (Tokharian). Enough material on Central Asia is available in Medieval Sanskrit literature, and in Buddhist and Jain literatures.}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> or Huns, including the [[Puranas]]<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Gopi Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxBDAAAAYAAJ |title=Rajasthan Studies |date=1970 |publisher=Lakshmi Narain Agarwal |pages=15 |language=en |quote='''Huns''' and '''Gujars''' have been mentioned along with other foreign tribes in the '''Puranas''', the Gujars like Huns are also ...}}</ref> and [[Mahabharata]], and in historic records of the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas of Patna]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Suhas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KItocaxbibUC&dq=Hun+fought+against+Gupta&pg=PA224 |title=Indian Civilization and Culture |date=1998 |publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7533-083-2 |pages=224 |language=en |quote=In AD 455 Skandagupta succeeded to the throne and ruled for some 11 years during which time the Hun menace was the main source of trouble to the king. The Guptas had little control over the Kabul and Afghanistan area. Had they organized that province as a military base against the intruders, the menace could have been successfully dealt with. Instead of that the Gupta rulers waited for them and fought against them in the plains of India.}}</ref> | |||
====Chalukyas==== | |||
[[Pulakeshin I|Pulakesin I]] formed the first notable [[Chalukya dynasty]] of southern India in the middle of the sixth century. These Chalukyas were descended from a foreign tribe, most likely a mix of [[Jats|Jat-Hun]]. [[Badami]], in the [[Bijapur]] district, was their capital.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mahmud |first=Sayyid Fayyaz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xtuAAAAMAAJ |title=A Concise History of Indo-Pakistan |date=1988 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-577385-9 |pages=58 |language=en |quote=...reigned originally in Badami, where Pulakesin I established a small kingdom in the sixth century. The ancestors of Pulakesin belonged to the Gurjara-Hun mixed race...}}</ref> | |||
==Origin== | |||
According to Kulbhushan Warikoo, some Huns claim to be descended from the Yuechi or [[Kushan (clan)|Kushans]]. The Kushan and Hun were unquestionably [[Kshatriya]] [[Gurjar|Gujjars]]. Both of these clans are only found among the [[Gurjar|Gurjars]] of Central and South Asia.<ref name="warikoo">{{Cite book |last1=Warikoo |first1=Kulbhushan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zxtuAAAAMAAJ&q=kushan+subcaste+of+Gujjars |title=Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir |last2=Som |first2=Sujit |date=2000 |publisher=Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya |pages=6 |language=en |quote="Some Huns claim to be Kushans . Kushan and Hun undoubtedly were Kshatriyas . Both the sub – castes are among the Gurjars. The General Cunningham and some others historians have mentioned them as Gurjars."}}</ref> | |||
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==Distribution== | |||
They live in Pakistani regions including [[Kashmir]], and [[Punjab]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] they have their population mostly in these areas. Some Hun Gujjars have villages in Afghanistan in the region of [[Pamir Mountain|Pamir]] and [[Nuristan]]. While in India they primarily inhabit in the Indian states of [[Uttar Pradesh]], Haryana, [[Madhya Pradesh]], Rajasthan, [[Himachal Pradesh]] and, Jammu and Kashmir. There are many village of Hun Jats in Uttar Pradesh، Rajasthan and [[Haryana]]. Alone in Uttar Pradesh their prominent villages are in the [[Meerut]], [[Gaziabad]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ&dq=Huna+gujar&pg=PA133 |title=History of Indian Nation : Ancient India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K.K. Publications |pages=133 |language=en |quote=The Gurjara clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India, and later established a number of ruling dynasties in northern India, including the Pratiharas of Kanauj... However, Huna is one of the prominent gotras (clan) among Gurjars and many Huna (Gurjar) villages can still be found in Ghaziabad and Bulandshahr.}}</ref> [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandhshahr]], and [[Greater Noida]] districts. And most famous village due to their influence is known as Nawalka.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Other names== | |||
In various regions they also known by different names, including, '''Huna''',<ref name=":2" /> '''Hara Huna''', '''Hada Huna''', '''Hun'''<ref name=":1" /> or '''Hoon'''.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Subclans== | ==Subclans== | ||
* [[Tomar Gurjar (clan)|Tomar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA372&dq=Tomar+Gujars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi584GpjIiCAxV8hf0HHbBLA4sQ6wF6BAgNEAU#v=onepage&q=Tomar%20Gujars&f=false |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=373 |language=en |quote=N.B. There is a tribe Ja-vula among the Gurjars (S.C. page 130) Torman Javula was called Hun due to his tyranny. The Ja-vula rulers of Delhi adopted the title Tomar (the brave). This Hun family and Tomar family were two branches of Ja-vula Gurjars.}}</ref> | * [[Tomar Gurjar (clan)|Tomar]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rahi |first=Javaid |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KI1pEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA372&dq=Tomar+Gujars&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi584GpjIiCAxV8hf0HHbBLA4sQ6wF6BAgNEAU#v=onepage&q=Tomar%20Gujars&f=false |title=The Gujjars Vol: 01 and 02 Edited by Dr. Javaid Rahi |date=2012-01-01 |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Acacademy of Art, Culture , Languages , Jammu |pages=373 |language=en |quote=N.B. There is a tribe Ja-vula among the Gurjars (S.C. page 130) Torman Javula was called Hun due to his tyranny. The Ja-vula rulers of Delhi adopted the title Tomar (the brave). This Hun family and Tomar family were two branches of Ja-vula Gurjars.}}</ref> | ||
* Chalukya<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=C. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-d497CKID0C&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Coins of India |date=1999 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0345-5 |pages=59 |language=en |quote=The first great dynasty to dominate Southern India was that of the '''Chalukyas''' (a foreign tribe probably of '''Huna-Gurjara origin'''), founded by Pulakesin I in the middle of the sixth century, whose capital was at Bādāmī in the Bijapur district.}}</ref> | * Chalukya<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=C. J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-d497CKID0C&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Coins of India |date=1999 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-0345-5 |pages=59 |language=en |quote=The first great dynasty to dominate Southern India was that of the '''Chalukyas''' (a foreign tribe probably of '''Huna-Gurjara origin'''), founded by Pulakesin I in the middle of the sixth century, whose capital was at Bādāmī in the Bijapur district.}}</ref> | ||
* Chauhan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?redir_esc=y&id=BsBEgVa804IC&q=Chauhan+belonging+to+huns#v=snippet&q=Chauhan%20belonging%20to%20huns&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-101-3 |language=en}}</ref> | * Chauhan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Kumar Suresh |url=https://books.google.com.pk/books?redir_esc=y&id=BsBEgVa804IC&q=Chauhan+belonging+to+huns#v=snippet&q=Chauhan%20belonging%20to%20huns&f=false |title=Maharashtra |last2=Bhanu |first2=B. V. |last3=India |first3=Anthropological Survey of |date=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-101-3 |language=en}}</ref> | ||