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'''Rajgir''', meaning "The City of Kings," is a historic [[List of towns in India by population|town]] in the [[Nalanda district|district of Nalanda]] in [[Bihar]], [[India]]. As the ancient seat and capital of the [[Haryanka dynasty]], the [[Pradyota dynasty]], the [[Brihadratha dynasty]] and the [[Mauryan Empire]], as well as the dwelling ground of such historical figures as [[Gautama Buddha|The Buddha]] and [[Mahavira| The Mahavira]], the city holds a place of prominence in [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Jainism|Jain]] scriptures. As of 2011, the population of the town was reported to be 41,000 while the population in the [[community development block]] was about 88,500. | '''Rajgir''', meaning "The City of Kings," is a historic [[List of towns in India by population|town]] in the [[Nalanda district|district of Nalanda]] in [[Bihar]], [[India]]. As the ancient seat and capital of the [[Haryanka dynasty]], the [[Pradyota dynasty]], the [[Brihadratha dynasty]] and the [[Mauryan Empire]], as well as the dwelling ground of such historical figures as [[Gautama Buddha|The Buddha]] and [[Mahavira|The Mahavira]], the city holds a place of prominence in [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and [[Jainism|Jain]] scriptures. As of 2011, the population of the town was reported to be 41,000 while the population in the [[community development block]] was about 88,500. | ||
Rajgir was the first capital of the ancient kingdom of [[Magadha]], a state that would eventually evolve into the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajgir |url=http://bstdc.bihar.gov.in/rajgir.htm |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=BSTDC |publisher=Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation}}</ref> It finds mention in India's renowned literary epic, the [[Mahabharata]], through its king [[Jarasandha]]. The town's date of origin is unknown, although ceramics dating to about 1000 BC have been found in the city. The 2,500-year-old [[Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir|cyclopean wall]] is also located in the region. | Rajgir was the first capital of the ancient kingdom of [[Magadha]], a state that would eventually evolve into the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan Empire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajgir |url=http://bstdc.bihar.gov.in/rajgir.htm |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=BSTDC |publisher=Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation}}</ref> It finds mention in India's renowned literary epic, the [[Mahabharata]], through its king [[Jarasandha]]. The town's date of origin is unknown, although ceramics dating to about 1000 BC have been found in the city. The 2,500-year-old [[Cyclopean Wall of Rajgir|cyclopean wall]] is also located in the region. | ||
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Rajgir was the capital of [[Haryanka dynasty]] kings [[Bimbisara]] (558–491 BC) and [[Ajatashatru]] (492–460 BC). Ajatashatru kept his father Bimbisara in captivity here. The sources do not agree on which of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s royal contemporaries, [[Bimbisara]] and [[Ajatashatru]], was responsible for its construction. It was the ancient capital city of the [[Legendary kings of Magadha|Magadha]] kings until the 5th century BC when [[Udayin]] (460–440 BC), son of Ajatashatru, moved the capital to [[Pataliputra]] (modern [[Patna]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Monuments and Temples of Orthodox Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9gdYTnHrN0C&q=Rajgir+was+the+ancient+capital+city+of+the+Magadha+kings+until+the+5th+century+BC&pg=PA35|year=2013|page=35|publisher=AuthorHouse|author=W. Vivian De Thabrew|access-date=29 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129150719/https://books.google.com/books?id=B9gdYTnHrN0C&pg=PA35&dq=Rajgir+was+the+ancient+capital+city+of+the+Magadha+kings+until+the+5th+century+BC&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB2_33os3QAhULs48KHXCqDSUQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=Rajgir%20was%20the%20ancient%20capital%20city%20of%20the%20Magadha%20kings%20until%20the%205th%20century%20BC&f=false|archive-date=29 November 2016|df=dmy-all|isbn = 9781481795517}}</ref> [[Shishunaga]] (413-395 BC) founded [[Shishunaga dynasty]] in 413 BC with Rajgir as its initial capital before it was moved to Pataliputra. | Rajgir was the capital of [[Haryanka dynasty]] kings [[Bimbisara]] (558–491 BC) and [[Ajatashatru]] (492–460 BC). Ajatashatru kept his father Bimbisara in captivity here. The sources do not agree on which of the [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]]'s royal contemporaries, [[Bimbisara]] and [[Ajatashatru]], was responsible for its construction. It was the ancient capital city of the [[Legendary kings of Magadha|Magadha]] kings until the 5th century BC when [[Udayin]] (460–440 BC), son of Ajatashatru, moved the capital to [[Pataliputra]] (modern [[Patna]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Monuments and Temples of Orthodox Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B9gdYTnHrN0C&q=Rajgir+was+the+ancient+capital+city+of+the+Magadha+kings+until+the+5th+century+BC&pg=PA35|year=2013|page=35|publisher=AuthorHouse|author=W. Vivian De Thabrew|access-date=29 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129150719/https://books.google.com/books?id=B9gdYTnHrN0C&pg=PA35&dq=Rajgir+was+the+ancient+capital+city+of+the+Magadha+kings+until+the+5th+century+BC&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB2_33os3QAhULs48KHXCqDSUQ6AEIGzAA#v=onepage&q=Rajgir%20was%20the%20ancient%20capital%20city%20of%20the%20Magadha%20kings%20until%20the%205th%20century%20BC&f=false|archive-date=29 November 2016|df=dmy-all|isbn = 9781481795517}}</ref> [[Shishunaga]] (413-395 BC) founded [[Shishunaga dynasty]] in 413 BC with Rajgir as its initial capital before it was moved to Pataliputra. | ||
It is associated with the founders of both the religions: [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]], associated with both the historical [[Arihant (Jainism)|Arihant]] [[Shraman]][[ Bhagawan]] [[Mahavira]] and [[Buddha]]. | It is associated with the founders of both the religions: [[Jainism]] and [[Buddhism]], associated with both the historical [[Arihant (Jainism)|Arihant]] [[Shraman]][[Bhagawan]] [[Mahavira]] and [[Buddha]]. | ||
[[File:Vulturepeak1.jpg|left|thumb|Gautama Buddha spent a substantial amount of time [[Vulture Peak|here]].]] | [[File:Vulturepeak1.jpg|left|thumb|Gautama Buddha spent a substantial amount of time [[Vulture Peak|here]].]] | ||
It was here that Gautama Buddha spent several months meditating, and preaching at [[Vulture Peak|Gridhra-kuta, ('Hill of the Vultures')]]. He also delivered some of his famous sermons and initiated king Bimbisara of Magadha and others to Buddhism. It was here that Budhha delivered his famous [[Atanatiya Sutra]]. On one of the hills is the [[Saptaparni Cave]] where the [[First Buddhist Council]] was held under the leadership of [[Maha Kassapa]]. | It was here that Gautama Buddha spent several months meditating, and preaching at [[Vulture Peak|Gridhra-kuta, ('Hill of the Vultures')]]. He also delivered some of his famous sermons and initiated king Bimbisara of Magadha and others to Buddhism. It was here that Budhha delivered his famous [[Atanatiya Sutra]]. On one of the hills is the [[Saptaparni Cave]] where the [[First Buddhist Council]] was held under the leadership of [[Maha Kassapa]]. | ||