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Nagarjunakonda: Difference between revisions
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| governing_body = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] | | governing_body = [[Archaeological Survey of India]] | ||
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[[File:MET DT5217 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Drum panel depicting a stupa with the Buddha's [[descent from Trāyastriṃśa heaven]], second half 3rd century.<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38238 MET museum page</ref>]] | [[File:MET DT5217 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Drum panel depicting a stupa with the Buddha's [[descent from Trāyastriṃśa heaven]], second half 3rd century.<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/38238 MET museum page]</ref>]] | ||
'''Nagarjunakonda''': Nāgārjunikoṇḍa, meaning '''Nagarjuna Hill''') is a historical town, now an island located near [[Nagarjuna Sagar]] in [[Palnadu district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="AHL_1938">{{cite web | url=http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-ENG/long.htm | title=The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India | publisher=ntu.edu.tw | work=The Indian Antiquary | date=October 1932 | pages=186–192 | first=A. H. | last=Longhurst | access-date=13 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-02-13/Palnadu-aspires-for-separate-district-status/280287|title=Palnadu aspires for separate district status|last=Syamsundar|first=V. L.|date=2017-02-13|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref> It is one of India's richest Buddhist sites, and now lies almost entirely under the lake created by the [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]]. With the construction of the dam, the archaeological relics at Nagarjunakonda were submerged, and had to be excavated and transferred to higher land, which has become an island. | '''Nagarjunakonda''': Nāgārjunikoṇḍa, meaning '''Nagarjuna Hill''') is a historical town, now an island located near [[Nagarjuna Sagar]] in [[Palnadu district]] of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="AHL_1938">{{cite web | url=http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-ENG/long.htm | title=The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India | publisher=ntu.edu.tw | work=The Indian Antiquary | date=October 1932 | pages=186–192 | first=A. H. | last=Longhurst | access-date=13 January 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-02-13/Palnadu-aspires-for-separate-district-status/280287|title=Palnadu aspires for separate district status|last=Syamsundar|first=V. L.|date=2017-02-13|website=www.thehansindia.com|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref> It is one of India's richest Buddhist sites, and now lies almost entirely under the lake created by the [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]]. With the construction of the dam, the archaeological relics at Nagarjunakonda were submerged, and had to be excavated and transferred to higher land, which has become an island. | ||
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[[File:Nagarjunakonda Roman aurei.jpg|thumb|Roman [[aurei]] found in Nagarjunakonda]] | [[File:Nagarjunakonda Roman aurei.jpg|thumb|Roman [[aurei]] found in Nagarjunakonda]] | ||
{{see also|Indo-Roman trade relations}} | {{see also|Indo-Roman trade relations}} | ||
Various remains suggesting Greco-Roman influence can be found at Nagajurnakonda.<ref name=MLV/> Roman coins were found, in particular Roman [[Aurei]], one of [[Tiberius]] (16-37 CE), and the other of [[Faustina the Elder]] (141 CE), as well as a coin of [[Antoninus Pius]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Paula J. |title=Roman Coins from India |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315420684 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bVmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20 |language=en}}</ref | Various remains suggesting Greco-Roman influence can be found at Nagajurnakonda.<ref name=MLV/> Roman coins were found, in particular Roman [[Aurei]], one of [[Tiberius]] (16-37 CE), and the other of [[Faustina the Elder]] (141 CE), as well as a coin of [[Antoninus Pius]].<ref name=MLV/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Turner |first1=Paula J. |title=Roman Coins from India |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781315420684 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0bVmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20 |language=en}}</ref> These finds seem to attest to [[Indo-Roman trade relations|trade relations with the Roman world]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dutt |first1=Sukumar |title=Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History and Their Contribution to Indian Culture |date=1988 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120804982 |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxRHYFd0fB4C&pg=PA132 |language=en}}</ref> A relief representing [[Dionysus]] was also found in the Nagarjunakonda Palace site. He has a light beard, is semi-nude and carries a drinking horn, and there is a barrel of wine next to him.<ref name=MLV/> | ||
;Scythian influence | ;Scythian influence | ||
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* {{cite book |author=K. Krishna Murthy |title=Nāgārjunakoṇḍā: A Cultural Study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gBSWyLTSzkC&pg=PA1 |year=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |oclc=4541213 }} | * {{cite book |author=K. Krishna Murthy |title=Nāgārjunakoṇḍā: A Cultural Study |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4gBSWyLTSzkC&pg=PA1 |year=1977 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |oclc=4541213 }} | ||
* {{cite book | last = Archaeological Survey of India | year = 1987 | title = Nagarjunakonda}} | * {{cite book | last = Archaeological Survey of India | year = 1987 | title = Nagarjunakonda}} | ||
*Rowland, Benjamin, ''The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain'', pp. | *Rowland, Benjamin, ''The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain'', pp. 209–214, 1967 (3rd edn.), Pelican History of Art, Penguin, {{ISBN|0140561021}} | ||
* {{Cite book | last=Salomon | first=Richard | title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages | publisher=Oxford University Press | place=Oxford | year=1998 | isbn=0-19-509984-2}} | * {{Cite book | last=Salomon | first=Richard | title=Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages | publisher=Oxford University Press | place=Oxford | year=1998 | isbn=0-19-509984-2}} | ||