16,952
edits
m
clean up
Kamal Guha (talk | contribs) (→Grouped temple: One temple added) |
CleanupBot (talk | contribs) m (clean up) |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
The temples of the pre-Muslim period have nearly all disappeared and from the few that are there the predominant is the tall curvilinear ''[[Deula|rekha deul]]'', akin to the [[Kalinga architecture|Odishan]] style. Another type that is similar to styles in Odisha is the ''pirha''.<ref name="mccutchion"/> | The temples of the pre-Muslim period have nearly all disappeared and from the few that are there the predominant is the tall curvilinear ''[[Deula|rekha deul]]'', akin to the [[Kalinga architecture|Odishan]] style. Another type that is similar to styles in Odisha is the ''pirha''.<ref name="mccutchion"/> | ||
“Between the earlier and later Hindu periods astonishing religious changes took place in Bengal: the worship of [[Vishnu]] gave way to that of [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]], of Chamunda to that of [[Kali]]; [[Surya]] fell entirely out of favour; curious folk cults like that of [[Dharmathakur|Dharmaraja]] or Dakshina Raya arose.” There have also been changes in temple architecture. The ''rekha deul'' continues, the ''pirha'' has become rare, other old forms have disappeared. Two new styles are predominant – the hut (''chala'') style similar to the mud hut with a thatched roof and the pinnacled (''ratna'') style which is closest to Islamic traditions. <ref name="mccutchion"/><gallery> | “Between the earlier and later Hindu periods astonishing religious changes took place in Bengal: the worship of [[Vishnu]] gave way to that of [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]], of Chamunda to that of [[Kali]]; [[Surya]] fell entirely out of favour; curious folk cults like that of [[Dharmathakur|Dharmaraja]] or Dakshina Raya arose.” There have also been changes in temple architecture. The ''rekha deul'' continues, the ''pirha'' has become rare, other old forms have disappeared. Two new styles are predominant – the hut (''chala'') style similar to the mud hut with a thatched roof and the pinnacled (''ratna'') style which is closest to Islamic traditions.<ref name="mccutchion"/><gallery> | ||
File:Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 12.jpg|Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 1 | File:Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 12.jpg|Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 1 | ||
| Line 53: | Line 53: | ||
==Rekha deul== | ==Rekha deul== | ||
The traditional ''[[Deula|rekha deul]]'' is predominant in the western districts of Bengal. Some are smooth curvilinear, and others are ridged curvilinear. In the smooth type, the ''sikhara'' is free of horizontal bars and in ridged type, it is closely ridged with bars. The ''ratha'' projections are generally deep and spaced, and sometimes decorated. The crowning ''[[amalaka]]'' is generally large and flat. There are large and small types of deuls. Many of the very small types dispense with the complicated styling. It went on developing from the late 7th century or early 8th century to around the 12th century, increasing its complexity and height but retaining its basic features. <ref name="mccutchion"/> | The traditional ''[[Deula|rekha deul]]'' is predominant in the western districts of Bengal. Some are smooth curvilinear, and others are ridged curvilinear. In the smooth type, the ''sikhara'' is free of horizontal bars and in ridged type, it is closely ridged with bars. The ''ratha'' projections are generally deep and spaced, and sometimes decorated. The crowning ''[[amalaka]]'' is generally large and flat. There are large and small types of deuls. Many of the very small types dispense with the complicated styling. It went on developing from the late 7th century or early 8th century to around the 12th century, increasing its complexity and height but retaining its basic features.<ref name="mccutchion"/> | ||
The Odisha temple is considered remarkable for its plan and elevation. The base is normally square in [[Hindu temple architecture]]. The structure of the temple is marked by vertical offset projections called ''rathas'' (on plan) and ''pagas'' (on elevation). The main temple (the rekha deul) rests on a high platform called pista. The assembly hall is called ''[[Jaga mohan|jagamohan]]'', through which the devotees reach the main temple. The deity is placed in the ''[[garbhagriha]]'', over which the ''sikhara'' rises. <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.slideshare.net/SumathiMariappan/unit-v-63053026 | title = Temple Architecture – Northern Indian| publisher = SlideShare|access-date = 26 August 2020}} </ref> | The Odisha temple is considered remarkable for its plan and elevation. The base is normally square in [[Hindu temple architecture]]. The structure of the temple is marked by vertical offset projections called ''rathas'' (on plan) and ''pagas'' (on elevation). The main temple (the rekha deul) rests on a high platform called pista. The assembly hall is called ''[[Jaga mohan|jagamohan]]'', through which the devotees reach the main temple. The deity is placed in the ''[[garbhagriha]]'', over which the ''sikhara'' rises.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.slideshare.net/SumathiMariappan/unit-v-63053026 | title = Temple Architecture – Northern Indian| publisher = SlideShare|access-date = 26 August 2020}}</ref> | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:KITLV 88210 - Unknown - Temples at Barakhar in British India - 1897.tif|Barakar temples at [[Barakar]] in Paschim Bardhaman district. Photograph by Joseph David Beglar in 1897. Possibly, the earliest rekha deuls still standing. | File:KITLV 88210 - Unknown - Temples at Barakhar in British India - 1897.tif|Barakar temples at [[Barakar]] in Paschim Bardhaman district. Photograph by Joseph David Beglar in 1897. Possibly, the earliest rekha deuls still standing. | ||