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Two most famous sangharāma of ancient times were Vālukārāma of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]] (ancient Vesali is identified as present [[Basarh]]) and [[Kukkutarama]] in [[Pataliputra]].  
Two most famous sangharāma of ancient times were Vālukārāma of [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]] (ancient Vesali is identified as present [[Basarh]]) and [[Kukkutarama]] in [[Pataliputra]].  


Valukarama<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100305/page/n205/mode/1up ‘Vaishali’]. An Early History Of Vaisali by Mishra,yogendra 1962. Retrieved 2023-07-19</ref> Sangharama in [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]] was the site of [[Buddhist councils|second Buddhist Council]] under the patronage of King Kalasoka.  
[[Valukarama]]<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.100305/page/n205/mode/1up ‘Vaishali’]. An Early History Of Vaisali by Mishra,yogendra 1962. Retrieved 2023-07-19</ref> Sangharama in [[Vaishali (ancient city)|Vesali]] was the site of [[Buddhist councils|second Buddhist Council]] under the patronage of King Kalasoka.  


[[Kukkutarama]] sangharāma in [[Pataliputra]] was the site of [[Buddhist councils|third Buddhist Council]] under the patronage of Emperor [[Ashoka]].<ref>[http://rguir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/16796/1/9781984667960.pdf ‘Third Buddhist Council’]. INDIAN HISTORY 3RD CENTURY BCE by Theodore Thompson. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref> The [[Kukkutarama]] sangharāma was later destroyed and its monks killed by [[Pushyamitra]] of [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] Dynasty, according to the second century ''[[Ashokavadana]]''. "Then King Pushyamitra equipped a fourfold army, and intending to destroy the [[Buddhist religion]], he went to the Kukkutarama. (...) Pushyamitra therefore destroyed the sangharāma, killed the monks there, and departed."<ref>Ashokavadana, 133, trans. John Strong.</ref>  
[[Kukkutarama]] sangharāma in [[Pataliputra]] was the site of [[Buddhist councils|third Buddhist Council]] under the patronage of Emperor [[Ashoka]].<ref>[http://rguir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/16796/1/9781984667960.pdf ‘Third Buddhist Council’]. INDIAN HISTORY 3RD CENTURY BCE by Theodore Thompson. Retrieved 2023-07-17</ref> The [[Kukkutarama]] sangharāma was later destroyed and its monks killed by [[Pushyamitra]] of [[Shunga Empire|Shunga]] Dynasty, according to the second century ''[[Ashokavadana]]''. "Then King Pushyamitra equipped a fourfold army, and intending to destroy the [[Buddhist religion]], he went to the Kukkutarama. (...) Pushyamitra therefore destroyed the sangharāma, killed the monks there, and departed."<ref>Ashokavadana, 133, trans. John Strong.</ref>  


Other important Sangharamas of ancient period were Veluwana-arama of Rajagaha, Paribhajak-arama near Rajgriha, Ghositarama at Kausambi, [[Nigrodharama]] at Kapilvatthu,<ref>[http://heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume7/49.pdf ‘Structural Vihar: Abode of Buddhist Monks and Its Stages of Development’]. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 7 (2019): 772-790. Retrieved 2023-07-19</ref>, Arogyarama in [[Pataliputra|Patliputra]] (a seal found in [[Kumhrar|Kumarahar]] excavation bears the name of this sangharama), Kapotarama (Pigeon monastery) on the Bari Pahari hill and Tittira-rama (Partridge monastery) to the south-east of Kapotarama in present [[Bihar Sharif|Biharsharif]] town<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46494/page/n36/mode/1up ‘VIHARAS’ on pp. 26-39.] Buddhist monuments by Lal, R.B. Publication date 1955. Retrieved 2023-08-09</ref>.  
Other important Sangharamas of ancient period were Veluwana-arama of Rajagaha, Paribhajak-arama near Rajgriha, Ghositarama at Kausambi, [[Nigrodharama]] at Kapilvatthu,<ref>[http://heritageuniversityofkerala.com/JournalPDF/Volume7/49.pdf ‘Structural Vihar: Abode of Buddhist Monks and Its Stages of Development’]. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 7 (2019): 772-790. Retrieved 2023-07-19</ref>, Arogyarama in [[Pataliputra|Patliputra]] (a seal found in [[Kumhrar|Kumarahar]] excavation bears the name of this sangharama), Kapotarama (Pigeon monastery) on the Bari Pahari hill and Tittira-rama (Partridge monastery) to the south-east of Kapotarama in present [[Bihar Sharif|Biharsharif]] town<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46494/page/n36/mode/1up ‘VIHARAS’ on pp. 26-39.] Buddhist monuments by Lal, R.B. Publication date 1955. Retrieved 2023-08-09</ref>.


==Sangharama in present period==  
==Sangharama in present period==  

Latest revision as of 11:19, 22 August 2023

For the bodhisattva sometimes named Sangharama, see Guan Yu.


Sangharama (Sanskrit: संघराम Saṃgharāma) refers to Buddhist monastic settlement (the place, including "temple", "monastery", its garden or grove), where the Sangha, the Buddhist monastic community dwells.

Sangharama in ancient period[edit]

Two most famous sangharāma of ancient times were Vālukārāma of Vesali (ancient Vesali is identified as present Basarh) and Kukkutarama in Pataliputra.

Valukarama[1] Sangharama in Vesali was the site of second Buddhist Council under the patronage of King Kalasoka.

Kukkutarama sangharāma in Pataliputra was the site of third Buddhist Council under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka.[2] The Kukkutarama sangharāma was later destroyed and its monks killed by Pushyamitra of Shunga Dynasty, according to the second century Ashokavadana. "Then King Pushyamitra equipped a fourfold army, and intending to destroy the Buddhist religion, he went to the Kukkutarama. (...) Pushyamitra therefore destroyed the sangharāma, killed the monks there, and departed."[3]

Other important Sangharamas of ancient period were Veluwana-arama of Rajagaha, Paribhajak-arama near Rajgriha, Ghositarama at Kausambi, Nigrodharama at Kapilvatthu,[4], Arogyarama in Patliputra (a seal found in Kumarahar excavation bears the name of this sangharama), Kapotarama (Pigeon monastery) on the Bari Pahari hill and Tittira-rama (Partridge monastery) to the south-east of Kapotarama in present Biharsharif town[5].

Sangharama in present period[edit]

Important Sangharamas in the present time are Hall of Sangharama Palace, Mahamevnawa Buddhist Monastery

References[edit]

  1. ↑ ‘Vaishali’. An Early History Of Vaisali by Mishra,yogendra 1962. Retrieved 2023-07-19
  2. ↑ ‘Third Buddhist Council’. INDIAN HISTORY 3RD CENTURY BCE by Theodore Thompson. Retrieved 2023-07-17
  3. ↑ Ashokavadana, 133, trans. John Strong.
  4. ↑ ‘Structural Vihar: Abode of Buddhist Monks and Its Stages of Development’. Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 7 (2019): 772-790. Retrieved 2023-07-19
  5. ↑ ‘VIHARAS’ on pp. 26-39. Buddhist monuments by Lal, R.B. Publication date 1955. Retrieved 2023-08-09

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