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#REDIRECT [[Waris Shah]]
{{Short description|Indian Sufi saint (1817–1905)}}
{{distinguish|text=[[Waris Shah]], the Punjabi Sufi poet}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion          = [[Islam]]
| honorific_prefix  =
| name              = Syed Waris Ali Shah(R.A)
| image              = Photograph of Sufi saint, Waris Ali Shah.jpg
| caption            =
| title              = Imam-ul-Aulia, Ashraful Alameen, Waris-e-Panjtan, Aalam Panaah Waris
| birth_name        = Mitthan Miya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=पैदाइशी वली थे हजरत हाजी वारिस अली शाह|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/barabanki-dewa-mela-hazrat-waris-ali-shah-18572262.html|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>
| birth_date        = 16 July 1817 AD / 1 Ramzan ul Mubarak, 1232 Hijri
| birth_place        = [[Dewa, India|Dewa]], [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]], [[India]]
| death_date        = 7 April 1905 AD /1 safar, 1323 Hijri
| death_place        = Dewa, Barabanki, India
| death_cause        =
| resting_place      = Dewa, Barabanki, India
| other_names        =
| era                = Early 19th century
| region            = India
| occupation        =
| denomination      = [[Sunni]]
| jurisprudence      = [[Hanafi]]
| creed              =
| movement          =
| main_interests    =
| notable_ideas      =
| notable_works      =
| alma_mater        =
| Sufi_order        = [[Qadri]]
| awards            =
| influences        =
| influenced        =
| module            =
| website            =
| signature          =
}}
'''Waris Ali Shah''' (1817–1905) was a [[Sufi]] saint from [[Dewa, India|Dewa]], [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]], India, and the founder of the [[Warsi]] Sufi order. He traveled to many places specially Europe and the west and admitted people to his spiritual order. He belongs to the 26th generation of Hazrat Imam Hussain رضی اللہ عنہ<ref name=SEL>{{cite book|last=Hasan|first=Masoodul|title=Sufism and English literature : Chaucer to the present age : echoes and images|year=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788174355232|pages=5, 183|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kTn-XgtlLmcC&pg=PA5 }}</ref>  His shrine is at [[Dewa, India]].<ref name=DIPL>{{cite book|last=Hadi|first=Nabi|title=Dictionary of Indo-Persian literature|year=1994|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts|location=Janpath, New Delhi|isbn=9788170173113|page=554|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qjJmzdJFOHwC&pg=PA554 }}</ref><ref name=ID>{{cite book|last=Prasad|first=Rajendra|title=India divided|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New Delhi|isbn=9780143414155|page=44|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9FzePpOA60C&pg=PA566 }}</ref>
 
==Life==
In the book "Islamic Review and Muslim India", (Kraus Reprint, 1971) it was mentioned that Waris Ali Shah had lived his life as the Christ lived.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6U_AQAAMAAJ&q=life+of+Waris+Ali+Shah|title=Islamic Review and Muslim India|date=1971|publisher=Kraus Reprint|language=en}}</ref>
 
===Father===
His father name was Hazrat Qurban Ali Shah R.A, whose tomb is in Dewa.<ref>{{cite book|title=All India Reporter, Volume 4, Part 5|year=1917|publisher=D.V. Chitaley|pages=81, 85, 87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnQwAQAAMAAJ&q=Waris+Ali+Shah}}</ref>
 
At an early age Shah showed an inclination for a religious life.<ref>{{cite book|title=All India Reporter, Volume 4, Part 5|year=1917|publisher=D.V. Chitaley|page=81|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnQwAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Waris+Ali+Shah%22}}</ref>
 
===Social engagements===
He went to Makkah for pilgrimage many times.<ref name="MDELTC">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuseZxgbn8oC&q=Waris+Ali+Shah&pg=PA11 | title=A medical doctor examines life on three continents : a Pakistani view | publisher=Algora Pub. | last=Ehtisham | first=S. Akhtar | year=2008 | location=New York | page=11 | isbn=9780875866345}}</ref>  During his travels in Europe, he visited the [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan of Turkey]]{{clarify|date=November 2014}} and [[Otto von Bismarck]] in Berlin.<ref name=SEL/> He also traveled to England and had an audience with Queen Victoria.<ref name="MDELTC"/>
 
He was a friend of [[Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali|Abdul Bari]].<ref name="Qureshi 1999 92, 470, 539">{{cite book|last=Qureshi|first=M. Naeem|title=Pan-Islam in British Indian politics : a study of the Khilafat movement, 1918 – 1924|year=1999|publisher=Brill|location=Leiden [u.a.]|isbn=9789004113718|pages=92, 470, 539|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C&q=Waris+Ali+Shah&pg=PA92}}</ref>
 
===Death===
He died on 5 April 1905 (29 [[Muharram]] 1323 [[Hijri year|AH]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharib|first=Zahurul Hassan|title=The Sufi saints of the Indian subcontinent|year=2006|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|page=290|isbn=9788121510523|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEPYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Waris+Ali+Shah%22}}</ref>
 
==Sufi order==
{{Sufism}}
[[File:Sarkar Waris Pak Dargah,Dewa Shareef,Barabanki,Lucknow India.jpg|thumb|[[Dargah]] of Haji Waris Ali Shah in Dewa Shareef, Barabanki, India.]]
Waris Ali Shah belonged to the [[Qadiriyya]] order of Sufism.<ref>{{cite book|title=Mountain Path, Volume 19|year=1982|publisher=Sri Ramanasramam|pages=20, 21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAfXAAAAMAAJ&q=Waris+Ali+Shah}}</ref> He had a liberal view and permitted his followers to follow Sufism and names may not be changed in case of one has accepted Islam.<ref name="SEL"/>
 
As a boy, Shah attached himself to Khadim Ali Shah, a [[Dervish]] of Golaganj, Lucknow, in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]], and remained with the latter until his death in 1832–33 when Shah was 16 years old.<ref>{{cite book|last=S. D.|first=Chaudhri|title=Indian Cases: Containing Full Reports of Decisions of the Privy Council, the High Courts of Allahabad, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and Patna, the Chief Courts of Lower Burma and the Punjab, the Courts of the Judicial Commissioners of Central Provinces, Oudh, Sind and Upper Burma, Reported in ... 25 Legal Periodicals ... with a Large Number of Extra Rulings Not Reported Elsewhere, Volume 40|year=1917|publisher=The manager, at the "Law publishing press"|location=Great Britain Privy Council Judicial Committee, India Courts|page=102|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C4YrAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Khadim+Ali%22}}</ref>
 
== His disciples ==
He had followers from several faiths.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.warispak.com/desciples.html|title=Waris ali shah, saint waris ali, hazrat waris ali, desciples sarkar waris, warsi family, generations waris ali shah, urs ceremony, warsi doctrine, waris, warsi, dewa sharif, dewa, dewamela, ehram, desciples, imams, imam ali, imam hussain, generations prophet muhammad|website=www.warispak.com}}</ref>
*[[Malik Ghulam Muhammad|Ghulam Muhammad (governor general of Pakistan)]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Zaman|first=Muhammad Qasim|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odA9DwAAQBAJ&q=disciple+of+Waris+Ali+Shah&pg=PA205|title=Islam in Pakistan: A History|date=2018-05-15|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-8974-7|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Abdulmejid II|Sultan Abdul Majed]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharib|first=Zahurul Hassan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEPYAAAAMAAJ&q=disciple+of+Waris+Ali+Shah|title=The Sufi Saints of the Indian Subcontinent|date=2006|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers|isbn=9788121510523|language=en}}</ref>
* Hakeem Safdar Ali Warisi (Mahajan Title given by Haji Saheb) writer of Jalwaye Waris<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hanif|first=N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y7JInpQL0x8C&q=safdar+ali+warsi&pg=PA74|title=Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East|date=2002|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-266-9|language=en}}</ref> (Migrate from Gadia to Bahraich on Haji Saheb's order. His Grand Son Izhar Warsi is prominent poet of Urdu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to Uttar Pradesh Urdu Akademi : A U.P.Govt. Undertaking|url=http://www.upurduakademi.org/StaticPages/English/award1.aspx|access-date=2021-04-23|website=www.upurduakademi.org}}</ref>)
* Thakur Pancham Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=इटावा के राजा ठाकुर पंचम सिंह ने दान की थी संपत्ति|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/other-news/raja-thakur-pancham-singh-of-etawah-donated-property/articleshow/71675806.cms|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi}}</ref>
* Zamindar Dt. Mainpuri.
* Raja Udyat Narayan Sing (Suratgunj, Oudh).<ref>"Melas & Festivals | District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref>
* Baboo Moti Misser (Bhagalpur).
* Thakur Grur Mohan Singh, Zamindar (Bhagalpur).
* Baba Sufi Syed Diwana Shah Warsi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Online collection of Sufi Poetry & Sufi Shayari by famous Poets |url=https://sufinama.org/ |access-date=2022-11-20 |website=Sufinama |language=en}}</ref> first khalifa (roohani) and nephew (Jagatdal, West Bengal).
* Sadaf Jabbar Fazihat.
* Shah Abdul Ad Shah.
* Maulana Mohammad Shah.
* Mustaqim Shah.<ref name="auto"/>
* Faizu Shah
* Rahim Shah
* Hafiz Pyaari
* Shakir Shah
* Avghat Shah<ref>Rekhta</ref>
* Maroof Shah
* Noorkarim Shah
* Siddiq Shah (Amethi Sultanpur U.P India
* [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]] {{citation needed|date=October 2022}}
* Bangali Shah(Kolkata India)
* Sandal Shah (Kolkata India)
* Mushir Husain Qidwai of [[Gadia, Barabanki|Gadia]], a zamindar, barrister and pan-Islamist politician from Barabanki.<ref name="Qureshi 1999 92, 470, 539"/>
*Badnam Shah
* [[Khuda Bakhsh Sheikh]] was a follower of Waris Ali Shah.  He collected the sayings of his spiritual guide ''Malfūzāt-i-Hāji Wāris 'Ali Shāh''.<ref name=DIPL/> His book, ''Tohmat-ul-Asfiya'', is the biography of Waris Ali Shah.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://barabanki.nic.in/person.htm |title=Personalities: Literary |work=The Official Website of Barabanki *Master Mahmood Alam At post Badgavan
|publisher=MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; GOVERNMENT OF INDIA; BARABANKI-225001 |access-date=20 July 2010}}</ref>
*Haseen Shah warsi
*Bekarar Shah Warsi<ref>{{Cite web|title=जिसने देखा हो गया सैदा तेरा वारिस पिया..|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/bhojpur-worship-on-majar-18260046.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Dainik Jagran|language=hi}}</ref>
*Warsi Ghulam Mohammad Mallah{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}
[[File:Dewa Sharif.jpg|thumb|Tomb of Haji Waris Ali Shah in Deva, Lucknow (India)]]
 
==Death anniversary==
Shah's father's death anniversary, locally known as Dewa Mela, is observed in October–November and is attended by nearly a million Muslims and Hindus.<ref name="MDELTC"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Kochhar|first=S. K.|title=Teaching of history|year=1984|publisher=Sterling|isbn=9788120700253|page=292|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFbmQ562hBUC&q=Waris+Ali+Shah&pg=PA292|edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kapoor|editor-first=Subodh|title=The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788177552577|page=1925|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxIpYtnyzu4C&q=Waris+Ali+Shah&pg=PA1925|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Hasan|first=Mushirul|title=From pluralism to separatism : qasbas in colonial Awadh|year=2004|publisher=Oxford Univ. Press|location=New Delhi [u.a.]|isbn=9780195666083|page=129|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=djluAAAAMAAJ&q=Waris+Ali+Shah|edition=1st. publ.}}</ref>
 
Shah reportedly started this event in memory of his own father, Qurban Ali Shah. Another annual fair is held in Shah's tomb on 1 [[Safar]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Varma|first=Uma|title=Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer: Social services, culture, places of interest Gazetteer of India Volume 5 of Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer, Uttar Pradesh (India). Dept. of District Gazetteers|year=1994|publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh, Department of District Gazetteers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ixFuAAAAMAAJ&q=Waris+Ali+Shah}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-15|title=This year, UP's Dewa mela to focus on 'One District, One Product'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lucknow/this-year-up-s-dewa-mela-to-focus-on-one-district-one-product/story-lbDPyDYwZIyIy6a8FHVtzI.html|access-date=2020-09-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
*[[Islam in India]]
*[[Sufism in India]]
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Waris Ali, Shah}}
 
== External links ==
* [http://www.warispak.com Official website]
 
[[Category:Indian Sufi saints]]
[[Category:Sufi religious leaders]]
[[Category:1817 births]]
[[Category:1905 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian religious leaders]]
[[Category:Scholars from Lucknow]]
[[Category:People from Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:19th-century Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]

Latest revision as of 21:41, 12 August 2023


Not to be confused with Waris Shah, the Punjabi Sufi poet.

Syed Waris Ali Shah(R.A)
TitleImam-ul-Aulia, Ashraful Alameen, Waris-e-Panjtan, Aalam Panaah Waris
Personal
Born
Mitthan Miya.[1]

16 July 1817 AD / 1 Ramzan ul Mubarak, 1232 Hijri
Dewa, Barabanki, India
Died7 April 1905 AD /1 safar, 1323 Hijri
Dewa, Barabanki, India
Resting placeDewa, Barabanki, India
ReligionIslam
EraEarly 19th century
RegionIndia
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
TariqaQadri

Waris Ali Shah (1817–1905) was a Sufi saint from Dewa, Barabanki, India, and the founder of the Warsi Sufi order. He traveled to many places specially Europe and the west and admitted people to his spiritual order. He belongs to the 26th generation of Hazrat Imam Hussain رضی اللہ عنہ[2] His shrine is at Dewa, India.[3][4]

Life[edit | edit source]

In the book "Islamic Review and Muslim India", (Kraus Reprint, 1971) it was mentioned that Waris Ali Shah had lived his life as the Christ lived.[5]

Father[edit | edit source]

His father name was Hazrat Qurban Ali Shah R.A, whose tomb is in Dewa.[6]

At an early age Shah showed an inclination for a religious life.[7]

Social engagements[edit | edit source]

He went to Makkah for pilgrimage many times.[8] During his travels in Europe, he visited the Sultan of Turkey[clarification needed] and Otto von Bismarck in Berlin.[2] He also traveled to England and had an audience with Queen Victoria.[8]

He was a friend of Abdul Bari.[9]

Death[edit | edit source]

He died on 5 April 1905 (29 Muharram 1323 AH).[10]

Sufi order[edit | edit source]

Part of a series on Islam
Sufism
Tomb of Sheikh Abdul Qadir, Baghdad, Iraq
Ideas
Practices
Sufi orders
Sunni

Shi'a

Non-denominational

List of sufis
Topics in Sufism
Dargah of Haji Waris Ali Shah in Dewa Shareef, Barabanki, India.

Waris Ali Shah belonged to the Qadiriyya order of Sufism.[11] He had a liberal view and permitted his followers to follow Sufism and names may not be changed in case of one has accepted Islam.[2]

As a boy, Shah attached himself to Khadim Ali Shah, a Dervish of Golaganj, Lucknow, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, and remained with the latter until his death in 1832–33 when Shah was 16 years old.[12]

His disciples[edit | edit source]

He had followers from several faiths.[13]

  • Ghulam Muhammad (governor general of Pakistan)[14]
  • Sultan Abdul Majed[15]
  • Hakeem Safdar Ali Warisi (Mahajan Title given by Haji Saheb) writer of Jalwaye Waris[16] (Migrate from Gadia to Bahraich on Haji Saheb's order. His Grand Son Izhar Warsi is prominent poet of Urdu.[17])
  • Thakur Pancham Singh.[18]
  • Zamindar Dt. Mainpuri.
  • Raja Udyat Narayan Sing (Suratgunj, Oudh).[19]
  • Baboo Moti Misser (Bhagalpur).
  • Thakur Grur Mohan Singh, Zamindar (Bhagalpur).
  • Baba Sufi Syed Diwana Shah Warsi [20] first khalifa (roohani) and nephew (Jagatdal, West Bengal).
  • Sadaf Jabbar Fazihat.
  • Shah Abdul Ad Shah.
  • Maulana Mohammad Shah.
  • Mustaqim Shah.[13]
  • Faizu Shah
  • Rahim Shah
  • Hafiz Pyaari
  • Shakir Shah
  • Avghat Shah[21]
  • Maroof Shah
  • Noorkarim Shah
  • Siddiq Shah (Amethi Sultanpur U.P India
  • Sai Baba of Shirdi [citation needed]
  • Bangali Shah(Kolkata India)
  • Sandal Shah (Kolkata India)
  • Mushir Husain Qidwai of Gadia, a zamindar, barrister and pan-Islamist politician from Barabanki.[9]
  • Badnam Shah
  • Khuda Bakhsh Sheikh was a follower of Waris Ali Shah. He collected the sayings of his spiritual guide Malfūzāt-i-Hāji Wāris 'Ali Shāh.[3] His book, Tohmat-ul-Asfiya, is the biography of Waris Ali Shah.[22]
  • Haseen Shah warsi
  • Bekarar Shah Warsi[23]
  • Warsi Ghulam Mohammad Mallah[citation needed]
Tomb of Haji Waris Ali Shah in Deva, Lucknow (India)

Death anniversary[edit | edit source]

Shah's father's death anniversary, locally known as Dewa Mela, is observed in October–November and is attended by nearly a million Muslims and Hindus.[8][24][25][26]

Shah reportedly started this event in memory of his own father, Qurban Ali Shah. Another annual fair is held in Shah's tomb on 1 Safar.[27][28]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "पैदाइशी वली थे हजरत हाजी वारिस अली शाह". Dainik Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hasan, Masoodul (2007). Sufism and English literature : Chaucer to the present age : echoes and images. New Delhi, India: Adam Publishers & Distributors. pp. 5, 183. ISBN 9788174355232.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hadi, Nabi (1994). Dictionary of Indo-Persian literature. Janpath, New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. p. 554. ISBN 9788170173113.
  4. ↑ Prasad, Rajendra (2010). India divided. New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 44. ISBN 9780143414155.
  5. ↑ Islamic Review and Muslim India. Kraus Reprint. 1971.
  6. ↑ All India Reporter, Volume 4, Part 5. D.V. Chitaley. 1917. pp. 81, 85, 87.
  7. ↑ All India Reporter, Volume 4, Part 5. D.V. Chitaley. 1917. p. 81.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Ehtisham, S. Akhtar (2008). A medical doctor examines life on three continents : a Pakistani view. New York: Algora Pub. p. 11. ISBN 9780875866345.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Qureshi, M. Naeem (1999). Pan-Islam in British Indian politics : a study of the Khilafat movement, 1918 – 1924. Leiden [u.a.]: Brill. pp. 92, 470, 539. ISBN 9789004113718.
  10. ↑ Sharib, Zahurul Hassan (2006). The Sufi saints of the Indian subcontinent. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 290. ISBN 9788121510523.
  11. ↑ Mountain Path, Volume 19. Sri Ramanasramam. 1982. pp. 20, 21.
  12. ↑ S. D., Chaudhri (1917). Indian Cases: Containing Full Reports of Decisions of the Privy Council, the High Courts of Allahabad, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and Patna, the Chief Courts of Lower Burma and the Punjab, the Courts of the Judicial Commissioners of Central Provinces, Oudh, Sind and Upper Burma, Reported in ... 25 Legal Periodicals ... with a Large Number of Extra Rulings Not Reported Elsewhere, Volume 40. Great Britain Privy Council Judicial Committee, India Courts: The manager, at the "Law publishing press". p. 102.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Waris ali shah, saint waris ali, hazrat waris ali, desciples sarkar waris, warsi family, generations waris ali shah, urs ceremony, warsi doctrine, waris, warsi, dewa sharif, dewa, dewamela, ehram, desciples, imams, imam ali, imam hussain, generations prophet muhammad". www.warispak.com.
  14. ↑ Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (15 May 2018). Islam in Pakistan: A History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-8974-7.
  15. ↑ Sharib, Zahurul Hassan (2006). The Sufi Saints of the Indian Subcontinent. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 9788121510523.
  16. ↑ Hanif, N. (2002). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-266-9.
  17. ↑ "Welcome to Uttar Pradesh Urdu Akademi : A U.P.Govt. Undertaking". www.upurduakademi.org. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  18. ↑ "इटावा के राजा ठाकुर पंचम सिंह ने दान की थी संपत्ति". Navbharat Times (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  19. ↑ "Melas & Festivals | District Barabanki, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India". Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  20. ↑ "Online collection of Sufi Poetry & Sufi Shayari by famous Poets". Sufinama. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  21. ↑ Rekhta
  22. ↑ "Personalities: Literary". The Official Website of Barabanki *Master Mahmood Alam At post Badgavan. MINISTRY OF COMMUNICATION & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; GOVERNMENT OF INDIA; BARABANKI-225001. Retrieved 20 July 2010.
  23. ↑ "जिसने देखा हो गया सैदा तेरा वारिस पिया." Dainik Jagran (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  24. ↑ Kochhar, S. K. (1984). Teaching of history (2nd ed.). Sterling. p. 292. ISBN 9788120700253.
  25. ↑ Kapoor, Subodh, ed. (2002). The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific (1st ed.). New Delhi: Cosmo Publications. p. 1925. ISBN 9788177552577.
  26. ↑ Hasan, Mushirul (2004). From pluralism to separatism : qasbas in colonial Awadh (1st. publ. ed.). New Delhi [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 129. ISBN 9780195666083.
  27. ↑ Varma, Uma (1994). Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer: Social services, culture, places of interest Gazetteer of India Volume 5 of Uttar Pradesh State Gazetteer, Uttar Pradesh (India). Dept. of District Gazetteers. Government of Uttar Pradesh, Department of District Gazetteers.
  28. ↑ "This year, UP's Dewa mela to focus on 'One District, One Product'". Hindustan Times. 15 October 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2020.



External links[edit | edit source]

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