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Muhammad Hamza: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Short description|Pakistani politician (1929–2021)}} | ||
{{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2020}} | {{Use Pakistani English|date=June 2020}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} | ||
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| spouse = | | spouse = | ||
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--> | | partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--> | ||
| children = <!--[[Usama Hamza]],<ref>https://www.facebook.com/usamahamzaofficial/ Usama Hamza</ref> [[Ikrema Hamza]]<ref>https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/pakistani-senator-hamza-ludhianvi-along-with-his-son-ikrema-news-photo/461404948 Ikrema Hamza</ref> --> | | children = <!--[[Usama Hamza]],<ref>https://www.facebook.com/usamahamzaofficial/ Usama Hamza {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref> [[Ikrema Hamza]]<ref>https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/pakistani-senator-hamza-ludhianvi-along-with-his-son-ikrema-news-photo/461404948 Ikrema Hamza</ref> --> | ||
| relations = | | relations = | ||
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Hamza was known for his neutral views in Pakistani politics. He remained vocal on political issues for almost six decades.<ref name="nation/2feb2018"/> He was one of a few West Pakistan Assembly members who were very much vocal against military dictator General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] on the assembly floor. He as an MNA remained a critic of his own Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] but when [[Pervez Musharraf|Pervaiz Musharraf]] removed Nawaz Sharif, Hamza stood by him in his bad days.<ref name="nation/2feb2018"/> | Hamza was known for his neutral views in Pakistani politics. He remained vocal on political issues for almost six decades.<ref name="nation/2feb2018"/> He was one of a few West Pakistan Assembly members who were very much vocal against military dictator General [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] on the assembly floor. He as an MNA remained a critic of his own Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] but when [[Pervez Musharraf|Pervaiz Musharraf]] removed Nawaz Sharif, Hamza stood by him in his bad days.<ref name="nation/2feb2018"/> | ||
Hamza was a member of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly from Lyallpur-VI Constituency from 1962 to 1965<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the West Pakistan Fifth Legislator |url=http://papmis.pitb.gov.pk/en/members/past-members/provincial-assembly-of-west-pakistan-1956-1969/west-pakistan-fifth-legislator-post |website=papmis.pitb.gov.pk |publisher=Punjab Assembly |accessdate=13 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> and again from 1965 to 1969.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the West Pakistan Sixth Legislator |url=http://papmis.pitb.gov.pk/en/members/past-members/provincial-assembly-of-west-pakistan-1956-1969/west-pakistan-sixth-legislator-post |accessdate=13 September 2018|publisher=Punjab Assembly}}</ref> During his tenure as member of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly, he was very vocal against then President of Pakistan, [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]].<ref name="nation/2feb2018"/> He was one of the three opposition members, supported by [[Fatima Jinnah]] who were elected through BD system. He was considered as a close aide to [[Fatima Jinnah]] in the presidential elections of 1965. [[Toba Tek Singh]] was the only city other than Karachi in West Pakistan where [[Fatima Jinnah]] won.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akhtar |first1=Nabila |title=Dynamics Of Biraderism In Electoral Politics Of District Toba Tek Singh |journal=Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society |date=December 2016 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=139–151 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/HistoryPStudies/PDF-FILES/12-v29_2_16.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgFerzQUmN0C&q=fatima+jinnah+toba&pg=PA80|title=Secularizing Islamists?: Jama'at-e-Islami and Jama'at-ud-Da'wa in Urban Pakistan|isbn=9780226384702|last1=Iqtidar|first1=Humeira|date=15 February 2011}}</ref> | Hamza was a member of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly from Lyallpur-VI Constituency from 1962 to 1965<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the West Pakistan Fifth Legislator |url=http://papmis.pitb.gov.pk/en/members/past-members/provincial-assembly-of-west-pakistan-1956-1969/west-pakistan-fifth-legislator-post |website=papmis.pitb.gov.pk |publisher=Punjab Assembly |accessdate=13 September 2018 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and again from 1965 to 1969.<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the West Pakistan Sixth Legislator |url=http://papmis.pitb.gov.pk/en/members/past-members/provincial-assembly-of-west-pakistan-1956-1969/west-pakistan-sixth-legislator-post |accessdate=13 September 2018 |publisher=Punjab Assembly |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214000/http://papmis.pitb.gov.pk/en/members/past-members/provincial-assembly-of-west-pakistan-1956-1969/west-pakistan-sixth-legislator-post |url-status=dead }}</ref> During his tenure as member of the West Pakistan Legislative Assembly, he was very vocal against then President of Pakistan, [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]].<ref name="nation/2feb2018"/> He was one of the three opposition members, supported by [[Fatima Jinnah]] who were elected through BD system. He was considered as a close aide to [[Fatima Jinnah]] in the presidential elections of 1965. [[Toba Tek Singh]] was the only city other than Karachi in West Pakistan where [[Fatima Jinnah]] won.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Akhtar |first1=Nabila |title=Dynamics Of Biraderism In Electoral Politics Of District Toba Tek Singh |journal=Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society |date=December 2016 |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=139–151 |url=http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/HistoryPStudies/PDF-FILES/12-v29_2_16.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BgFerzQUmN0C&q=fatima+jinnah+toba&pg=PA80|title=Secularizing Islamists?: Jama'at-e-Islami and Jama'at-ud-Da'wa in Urban Pakistan|isbn=9780226384702|last1=Iqtidar|first1=Humeira|date=15 February 2011}}</ref> | ||
Hamza held public protests across the country during the [[1968 movement in Pakistan|1968 Movement in Pakistan]] against the military regime of Ayub Khan<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eisenberg |first1=Aileen |title=Pakistani students, workers, and peasants bring down a dictator, 1968–1969 |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/pakistani-students-workers-and-peasants-bring-down-dictator-1968-1969 |website=Global Nonviolent Action Database |publisher=Swarthmore College |date=22 February 2013}}</ref> and was taken into custody on numerous occasions. President Ayub Khan resigned in the face of growing public protests and was succeeded by General [[Yahya Khan]]. Hamza stood against the martial law of Yahya Khan and was a front-line leader for civil democracy in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41403892|jstor = 41403892|title = CHRONOLOGY March—May 1977|journal = Pakistan Horizon|year = 1977|volume = 30|issue = 2|pages = 63–161}}</ref> | Hamza held public protests across the country during the [[1968 movement in Pakistan|1968 Movement in Pakistan]] against the military regime of Ayub Khan<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eisenberg |first1=Aileen |title=Pakistani students, workers, and peasants bring down a dictator, 1968–1969 |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/pakistani-students-workers-and-peasants-bring-down-dictator-1968-1969 |website=Global Nonviolent Action Database |publisher=Swarthmore College |date=22 February 2013}}</ref> and was taken into custody on numerous occasions. President Ayub Khan resigned in the face of growing public protests and was succeeded by General [[Yahya Khan]]. Hamza stood against the martial law of Yahya Khan and was a front-line leader for civil democracy in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41403892|jstor = 41403892|title = CHRONOLOGY March—May 1977|journal = Pakistan Horizon|year = 1977|volume = 30|issue = 2|pages = 63–161}}</ref> | ||
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Hamza was a fierce opponent of the ruling party of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in the 1970s. He was amongst the prominent leaders of the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] (PNA), a nine-party coalition against the ruling [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP). He was elected as the president of the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4g5AAAAIAAJ&q=hamza+nizam+mustafa+PNA+Punjab|title = Hamdard Islamicus: Quarterly Journal of the Hamdard National Foundation, Pakistan|year = 1979}}</ref> Under his leadership several protests were staged in Punjab against alleged rigging in 1977's general elections.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEJuAAAAMAAJ&q=hamza+nizam+mustafa+PNA+Punjab|title = Pakistan Under Bhutto, 1971–1977|isbn = 9780333256732|last1 = Burki|first1 = Shahid Javed|year = 1980}}</ref> The protests of 1977 called for overthrow; [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia ul Haq]] became chief martial law administrator after declaring martial law in the country in 1978. | Hamza was a fierce opponent of the ruling party of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in the 1970s. He was amongst the prominent leaders of the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] (PNA), a nine-party coalition against the ruling [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP). He was elected as the president of the [[Pakistan National Alliance]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4g5AAAAIAAJ&q=hamza+nizam+mustafa+PNA+Punjab|title = Hamdard Islamicus: Quarterly Journal of the Hamdard National Foundation, Pakistan|year = 1979}}</ref> Under his leadership several protests were staged in Punjab against alleged rigging in 1977's general elections.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEJuAAAAMAAJ&q=hamza+nizam+mustafa+PNA+Punjab|title = Pakistan Under Bhutto, 1971–1977|isbn = 9780333256732|last1 = Burki|first1 = Shahid Javed|year = 1980}}</ref> The protests of 1977 called for overthrow; [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia ul Haq]] became chief martial law administrator after declaring martial law in the country in 1978. | ||
He was selected as a member of [[Majlis-e-Shoora|Majlis e Shura]] (Federal Council) in 1982. His constituency [[Gojra]] was awarded the status of 'tehsil'<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pakpedia.pk/gojra/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MC Gojra Website |url=http://www.mcgojra.lgpunjab.org.pk/History.html |website=www.mcgojra.lgpunjab.org.pk |publisher=Municipal Committee of Gojra |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> of District [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary History |url=http://www.na.gov.pk/en/content.php?id=75 |website=www.na.gov.pk |publisher=National Assembly of Pakistan |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> | He was selected as a member of [[Majlis-e-Shoora|Majlis e Shura]] (Federal Council) in 1982. His constituency [[Gojra]] was awarded the status of 'tehsil'<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pakpedia.pk/gojra/|title=Gojra |date=30 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MC Gojra Website |url=http://www.mcgojra.lgpunjab.org.pk/History.html |website=www.mcgojra.lgpunjab.org.pk |publisher=Municipal Committee of Gojra |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> of District [[Toba Tek Singh District|Toba Tek Singh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parliamentary History |url=http://www.na.gov.pk/en/content.php?id=75 |website=www.na.gov.pk |publisher=National Assembly of Pakistan |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> | ||
He was elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] from Constituency NA-80 (Toba Tek Singh-III) in the [[1985 Pakistani general election|1985 general election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the 7th National Assembly |url=http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/former-members/7th%20National%20Assembly.pdf |publisher=National Assembly of Pakistan |accessdate=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521144901/http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/former-members/7th%20National%20Assembly.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NA-80 Toba Tek Singh Election 1985 Full Result 1985 Vote Candidate |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge1985/NA-80.htm |website=www.electionpakistani.com |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> He remained a prominent member of the treasury benches led by PM [[Muhammad Khan Junejo]], but remained a critic on many issues against his own government.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://naibaat.pk/2021/09/04/12447/}}</ref> | He was elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] from Constituency NA-80 (Toba Tek Singh-III) in the [[1985 Pakistani general election|1985 general election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Members of the 7th National Assembly |url=http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/former-members/7th%20National%20Assembly.pdf |publisher=National Assembly of Pakistan |accessdate=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521144901/http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/former-members/7th%20National%20Assembly.pdf |archive-date=21 May 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NA-80 Toba Tek Singh Election 1985 Full Result 1985 Vote Candidate |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge1985/NA-80.htm |website=www.electionpakistani.com |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> He remained a prominent member of the treasury benches led by PM [[Muhammad Khan Junejo]], but remained a critic on many issues against his own government.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://naibaat.pk/2021/09/04/12447/|title=ایم حمزہ مرحوم: حمیت نام تھا جس کا گئی تیمور کے گھر سے |date=4 September 2021 }}</ref> | ||
Hamza's was the only voice of opposition in the parliament the day when 295-C was passed immediately. During his speech in 1986, he argued that the Islamic texts being cited by those advocating for the death penalty needed to be comprehensively reviewed by religious scholars before any change in the law could be passed. He said parliament was being irresponsible by avoiding a deeper debate on the issue. "I have a firm opinion", said Hamza, "you cannot run the country on selective justice. What is the purpose of the law if it's destructive for the society? Our people lack depth, they are unreasonably emotional about religion, so I know that the law will be misused – that's why I am opposing."<ref name="AsiaBibiBBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/Asia_Bibi |title=Asia Bibi: Pakistan's notorious case |website=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="herald.dawn">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Asad |title=A brief history of the anti-blasphemy laws |url=https://herald.dawn.com/news/1154036 |access-date=3 September 2021 |work=Herald Magazine |date=9 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> | Hamza's was the only voice of opposition in the parliament the day when 295-C was passed immediately. During his speech in 1986, he argued that the Islamic texts being cited by those advocating for the death penalty needed to be comprehensively reviewed by religious scholars before any change in the law could be passed. He said parliament was being irresponsible by avoiding a deeper debate on the issue. "I have a firm opinion", said Hamza, "you cannot run the country on selective justice. What is the purpose of the law if it's destructive for the society? Our people lack depth, they are unreasonably emotional about religion, so I know that the law will be misused – that's why I am opposing."<ref name="AsiaBibiBBC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/Asia_Bibi |title=Asia Bibi: Pakistan's notorious case |website=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref name="herald.dawn">{{cite news |last1=Ahmed |first1=Asad |title=A brief history of the anti-blasphemy laws |url=https://herald.dawn.com/news/1154036 |access-date=3 September 2021 |work=Herald Magazine |date=9 March 2018 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
He ran for the seat of the National Assembly as a candidate of [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] (IJI) from Constituency NA-73 (Toba Tek Singh-III) in the [[1988 Pakistani general election|1988 general election]] but was unsuccessful. He received 52,137 votes and lost the seat to Haji Muhammad Ishaq, a candidate of the PPP.<ref name="ecp/na-88-97">{{cite web |title=National Assembly election results 1988-97 |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/NA.pdf |publisher=ECP |accessdate=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225608/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/NA.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NA-73 Toba Tek Singh III Detail Election Result 1988 |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge1988/NA-73.htm |website=www.electionpakistani.com |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> He remained highly critical of then Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. | He ran for the seat of the National Assembly as a candidate of [[Islami Jamhoori Ittehad]] (IJI) from Constituency NA-73 (Toba Tek Singh-III) in the [[1988 Pakistani general election|1988 general election]] but was unsuccessful. He received 52,137 votes and lost the seat to Haji Muhammad Ishaq, a candidate of the PPP.<ref name="ecp/na-88-97">{{cite web |title=National Assembly election results 1988-97 |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/NA.pdf |publisher=ECP |accessdate=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828225608/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/Results%201988%20-%201997/NA.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=NA-73 Toba Tek Singh III Detail Election Result 1988 |url=https://www.electionpakistani.com/ge1988/NA-73.htm |website=www.electionpakistani.com |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> He remained highly critical of then Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. | ||
He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of IJI from Constituency NA-73 (Toba Tek Singh-III) in the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]]. He received 69,499 votes and defeated Haji Muhammad Ishaq, a candidate of the [[Pakistan Democratic Alliance]] (PDA).<ref name="ecp/na-88-97" /> He was appointed chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.<ref name="PAC History">{{cite web |title=PAC History |url=http://www.pac.na.gov.pk/?q=past_committee.html |website=www.pac.na.gov.pk |publisher=Public Accounts Committee of the National Assembly of Pakistan |access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref> He remained vocal against the corruption of the former ruling party and was considered a trustworthy and close aide to PM Nawaz Sharif. | He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of IJI from Constituency NA-73 (Toba Tek Singh-III) in the [[1990 Pakistani general election|1990 general election]]. He received 69,499 votes and defeated Haji Muhammad Ishaq, a candidate of the [[Pakistan Democratic Alliance]] (PDA).<ref name="ecp/na-88-97" /> He was appointed chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.<ref name="PAC History">{{cite web |title=PAC History |url=http://www.pac.na.gov.pk/?q=past_committee.html |website=www.pac.na.gov.pk |publisher=Public Accounts Committee of the National Assembly of Pakistan |access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref> He remained vocal against the corruption of the former ruling party and was considered a trustworthy and close aide to PM Nawaz Sharif. | ||
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Hamza tested positive for [[COVID-19]] on 20 August 2021, but had recovered from the disease. In his last days, however, Hamza's saturation levels dipped again and he died of post-COVID complications on Sunday, 29 August 2021.<ref name="dawn/30aug2021">{{cite news|date=31 August 2021|title=Former Pakistani Senator dies of post covid complications.|language=en|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/former-pak-senator-dies-of-post-covid-complications-e2-80-98he-remembered-his-birthplace-ludhiana-till-end-e2-80-99-says-son/ar-AANVzwB?ocid=BingNewsSearch|access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> | Hamza tested positive for [[COVID-19]] on 20 August 2021, but had recovered from the disease. In his last days, however, Hamza's saturation levels dipped again and he died of post-COVID complications on Sunday, 29 August 2021.<ref name="dawn/30aug2021">{{cite news|date=31 August 2021|title=Former Pakistani Senator dies of post covid complications.|language=en|work=[[The Indian Express]]|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/former-pak-senator-dies-of-post-covid-complications-e2-80-98he-remembered-his-birthplace-ludhiana-till-end-e2-80-99-says-son/ar-AANVzwB?ocid=BingNewsSearch|access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> | ||
On 30 August 2021, a funeral prayer for Hamza was offered at Government Degree College for Boys around 9:30 am PKT before he was laid to rest in Kabootaranwala Graveyard in Gojra. His funeral prayers were estimated to be the largest gathering in the history of Gojra. Political leaders, parliamentarians, and people from every field of life paid homage to the political and social struggle rendered by late M. Hamza. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=Daily Parliament|title=Sanjrani expresses condolences on death of M. Hamza - Daily Parliament Times|url=https://www.dailyparliamenttimes.com/2021/08/30/sanjrani-expresses-condolences-on-death-of-m-hamza/|access-date=2 September 2021|website=www.dailyparliamenttimes.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 August 2021|title=فاطمہ جناح کے قریبی ساتھی، بزرگ سیاستدان ایم حمزہ کا کرونا سے انتقال نمازجنازہ آج گوجرہ میں ادا|url=https://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/30-Aug-2021/1406571|access-date=2 September 2021|website=www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk}}</ref>This marked the end of an era of the political and social struggle of one of the most prominent and vocal Opposition Leader and Parliamentarian of Pakistan. | On 30 August 2021, a funeral prayer for Hamza was offered at Government Degree College for Boys around 9:30 am PKT before he was laid to rest in Kabootaranwala Graveyard in Gojra. His funeral prayers were estimated to be the largest gathering in the history of Gojra. Political leaders, parliamentarians, and people from every field of life paid homage to the political and social struggle rendered by late M. Hamza.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=Daily Parliament|title=Sanjrani expresses condolences on death of M. Hamza - Daily Parliament Times|url=https://www.dailyparliamenttimes.com/2021/08/30/sanjrani-expresses-condolences-on-death-of-m-hamza/|access-date=2 September 2021|website=www.dailyparliamenttimes.com|date=30 August 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 August 2021|title=فاطمہ جناح کے قریبی ساتھی، بزرگ سیاستدان ایم حمزہ کا کرونا سے انتقال نمازجنازہ آج گوجرہ میں ادا|url=https://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/30-Aug-2021/1406571|access-date=2 September 2021|website=www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk}}</ref> This marked the end of an era of the political and social struggle of one of the most prominent and vocal Opposition Leader and Parliamentarian of Pakistan. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamza, M}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Hamza, M}} | ||