Thuluva Vellala: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by HMSLavender
Last edited July 23, 2023
VisualWikitext
imported>HMSLavender
m Reverted edits by 2409:4072:6E8B:6C1D:8D0:1080:75F1:DBEF (talk): unexplained content removal (HG) (3.4.10)
 
Added citation
 
Line 5: Line 5:
{{infobox caste
{{infobox caste
| caste_name          = Thuluva Vellala
| caste_name          = Thuluva Vellala
| image =
| caption =
| region              = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]]
| region              = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]]
Cities : [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Vellore]].
Cities : [[Chennai]], [[Bangalore]], [[Vellore]].
| classification        = The Arcot Mudaliar and Arcot Vellala sects are classified as Forward Class<ref name="dailythanthi.com">{{Cite web|date=2019-07-18|title=அரசியல் ரீதியாக அங்கீகாரம் கிடைத்தாலும் 10 சதவீத இட ஒதுக்கீடு நிறைவேறுவதில் சிக்கல்|url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/Sirappukatturaigal/2019/07/18125244/Although-politically-recognized10-per-cent-reservation.vpf|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Dailythanthi.com}}</ref> in [[Tamil Nadu]], while the other sects of Thuluva Vellala are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] (OBC) at the Central<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/obc/faq/tamilnadu.pdf|title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF TAMILNADU|website=www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=11 March 2021|page=1|quote= Entry.No 1}}</ref><ref name="bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm |title= List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu |website= |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=6 March 2021|quote= Sl.No 1}}</ref> and State level<ref name="bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm |title= List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu |website= |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=6 March 2021|quote= Sl.No 1}}</ref> as serial no.1 Agamudayar including Thuluva Vellala. <br /> where as,  
| classification        = The Arcot Mudaliar and Arcot Vellala sects are classified as Forward Class<ref name="dailythanthi.com">{{Cite web|date=2019-07-18|title=அரசியல் ரீதியாக அங்கீகாரம் கிடைத்தாலும் 10 சதவீத இட ஒதுக்கீடு நிறைவேறுவதில் சிக்கல்|url=http://www.dailythanthi.com/News/Sirappukatturaigal/2019/07/18125244/Although-politically-recognized10-per-cent-reservation.vpf|access-date=2021-02-06|website=Dailythanthi.com}}</ref> in [[Tamil Nadu]], while the other sects of Thuluva Vellala are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] (OBC) at the Central<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/obc/faq/tamilnadu.pdf|title=CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF TAMILNADU|website=www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=11 March 2021|page=1|quote= Entry.No 1}}</ref><ref name="bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm |title= List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu |website= |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=6 March 2021|quote= Sl.No 1}}</ref> and State level<ref name="bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm |title= List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu |website= |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=6 March 2021|quote= Sl.No 1}}</ref> as serial no.1 Agamudayar including Thuluva Vellala. <br /> where as, Thuluva Vellala, Agamudi Mudaliar and Aghamudi Vellala are classified as Backward Class (D) in [[Andhra Pradesh]] under the ‘Mudhaliar’ title.<ref name="Staff Reporter">{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2016-12-12|title='Mudaliar' title added in BC (D) list|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/‘Mudaliar’-title-added-in-BC-D-list/article16794750.ece|access-date=2021-02-06|issn=0971-751X}}:”The State government has decided to add the title ‘Mudaliar’ in the first line of Sl. No. 39 of Group D of BC list following a request from the Mudaliar community. This will benefit Agamudimudaliar, Aghamudian, Aghamudiar, Agamudivellalar, and Agamudimudaliar, including Thuluva Vellalas.”</ref>  
Thuluva Vellalas are classified as Backward Class (D) in [[Andhra Pradesh]] under the ‘Mudhaliar’ title.<ref name="Staff Reporter">{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|date=2016-12-12|title=‘Mudaliar’ title added in BC (D) list|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/%E2%80%98Mudaliar%E2%80%99-title-added-in-BC-D-list/article16794750.ece|access-date=2021-02-06|issn=0971-751X}}:”The State government has decided to add the title ‘Mudaliar’ in the first line of Sl. No. 39 of Group D of BC list following a request from the Mudaliar community. This will benefit Agamudimudaliar, Aghamudian, Aghamudiar, Agamudivellalar, and Agamudimudaliar, including Thuluva Vellalas.”</ref>  
| languages          = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| languages          = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| religions          = Predominantly [[Vaishnavism]], also [[Shaivism]], [[Jainism]] and [[Christianity]]
| religions          = Predominantly [[Vaishnavism]], also [[Shaivism]],and [[Jainism]]{{cn|date=November 2021}}
| related            = [[Tulu People]], [[Tamil people]] & [[Thondaimandala Vellala]]}}
| related            = [[Tamil people]] & [[Thondaimandala Vellala]]
|feudal_title= [[Mudaliar]], [[Goundar]], [[Udayar (title)|Udayar]]
|kula_devi=Pachayamman, Angala Parameshwari, Saptha Kannimar and Ammachchar
|gotra=Shiva and Vishnu which is further insignificantly grouped as Vanadhirayar, Kalingarayar, Siva Maharshi etc.,
}}


'''Thuluva Vellala''', also known as Tuluva Vellala and Tozhu Vellala, is a [[caste system in India|caste]] in India.
'''Thuluva [[Vellalar]]''' (Thondamandala Tuluva Vellalar), {{sfnp|Neild|1979|ps=}}{{efn|[[Susan Bayly]] has noted of the Vellalar communities generally that "they were never a tighly-knit community&nbsp;... In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Vellala affiliation was a vague and uncertain as that of most other south Indian caste groups. Vellala identity was certainly thought of as a source of prestige, but for that very reason there were any number of groups who sought to claim Vellala status for themselves".{{sfnp|Bayly|2004|p=411|ps=}}}} also known as '''Agamudaya Mudaliars''' <ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-08-16|title=ப உ சண்முகம் பிறந்தநாள் விழா|work=Dinamani|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-vellore/2012/aug/16/1000-பேருக்கு-அன்னதானம்-542766.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-05-14|title=துளுவ வேளாளர் சங்கம் கோரிக்கை|url=https://www.dinamalar.com/news_detail.asp?id=467005|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Dinamalar}}</ref>  and '''Arcot Mudaliars''',<ref>{{cite book|title=Caste, Nationalism and Ethnicity: An Interpretation of Tamil Cultural History and Social Order|author=Jacob Pandian|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1987|page=115}}</ref>  is a caste found in northern [[Tamil Nadu]], southern [[Andhra Pradesh]] and southern [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name=TanjaiTamil>{{cite book|title=Glimpses of Tamil Civilization. Articles from the University Quarterly, Tamil Civilization|author=Tañcai Tamil̲p Palkalaik Kal̲akam, Tañcai Tamiḻp Palkalaik Kaḻakam|publisher=Tamil University|year=1994|page=142|quote='''Tuluva Vellala is a prosperous and progressive caste in Tamil Nadu and they migrated from Tulu Nadu to Tamil Nadu in ancient times.'''}}</ref><ref name=Walker>{{cite book|title=New Place, Old Ways, Essays on Indian Society and Culture in Modern Singapore|author=Anthony R. Walker|page=200|year=1994|publisher=Hindustan Publishing Corporation|quote='''The names of these four main Vellalar divisions are the Tondaimandalam (residents of the Pallava country), the Sōliyan (of the Cōla country), the Pandya (from the ancient Pandyan kingdom) and the Konku (from Konku country). Each of these four great divisions is further divided on a territorial basis. For example, the Tuluva are that branch of the Tondaimandalam Vellalar with origins in the Tulu country.'''}}</ref><ref name=Raghavan>{{cite book|title=Tamil Culture in Ceylon: A General Introduction|author=M. D. Raghavan|publisher=Kalai Nilayam, 1971|page=130|quote='''The Thondaimandalam Vellalas are sub-divided into the Tuluvas, originally of the Tulu country;'''}}</ref> They were originally significant landowners.<ref name="auto3">{{cite book |chapter=Response to John Harriss |first1=S. V. |last1=Rajadurai |first2=V. |last2=Geetha |title=Decentring the Indian Nation |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Wyatt |editor2-first=John |editor2-last=Zavos |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-13576-169-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0L6RAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA115 |page=115}}</ref>


They were originally significant landowners.<ref name="auto3">{{cite book |chapter=Response to John Harriss |first1=S. V. |last1=Rajadurai |first2=V. |last2=Geetha |title=Decentring the Indian Nation |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Wyatt |editor2-first=John |editor2-last=Zavos |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-13576-169-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0L6RAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA115 |page=115}}</ref>
==Etymology==


Phobia: Why Do They Hate Us?|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=V-VtAAAAMAAJ&dq=Mudaliar+shudra&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Mudaliar+shudra |location=New Delhi |publisher=Vitasta Pub|page=35 |isbn=}}:"Most Shudra intellectuals at that time preferred the term Dravida as their new identity in place of Shudras or Tamilians. Dr C. Natesa Mudaliar, a Shudra, had established Chennai Dravida Sangam in November 1912"</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Gauthaman |first1=Raj |last2=Baskaran|first2=S. Theodore|date=1 December 2020|title=Dark Interiors: Essays on Caste and Dalit Culture |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=txQOEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT142&dq=Mudaliar+shudra&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwittb2H2srwAhUFxzgGHQ6JDxwQ6AEwBXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=Mudaliar%20shudra&f=false |location= India|publisher=SAGE Publishing |page= |isbn=}}:"Though all non-Brahmins are considered Shudras, there is a division between higher and lower shudras. Adi-Dravidas are grouped separately. The upper-caste shudras are comfortably pigeon-holed as Mudaliar, Pillai and Reddy."</ref>
The term Vellalar may be derived from the word Vellam meaning water (flood), denoting their ability to control and store water for irrigation purposes.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|author=Vijaya Ramaswamy|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|page=390|year=2007}}</ref> Since they migrated from the [[Tulu Nadu|Tulu country]], they are called Thuluva Vellalar.<ref name=TanjaiTamil/><ref name=Walker/><ref name=Raghavan/>
 
==History==
 
An early Tamil tradition states that a king known as [[Adondai|Ādonda Chakravarthi]] brought a large number of agriculturists (now known as the ''Tuluva Vellalas'') from the [[Tulu Nadu|Tulu areas]] in order to reclaim forest lands for cultivation in [[Thondaimandalam]].<ref>{{cite book|title= Untouchability: A Historical Study Upto 1500 A.D. : with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu|author=Krishnaswamy Ranaganathan Hanumanthan|page=101|publisher=Koodal Publishers}}</ref> Scholar M. Arokiaswami identifies [[Ilandiraiyan|Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan]] with king Adondai Chakravarthi, the legendary figure who is referred to in the ''[[Colin Mackenzie|Mackenzie Manuscripts]]''.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History|author=M. Arokiaswami|publisher=Amudha Nilayam|page=72|year=1954}}</ref>
 
Sometimes this migration of Tuluva Vellalas is also assigned to later [[Chola]] times when [[Hoysala]] Ballalas of [[Karnataka]] had occupied portions of [[Kanchipuram]] and [[Trichy]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings and Transactions of the All-India Oriental Conference|year=1964}}</ref>
 
==Demographics==
 
Their original stronghold in present-day Tamil Nadu was [[Thiruvannamalai]] in [[North Arcot]] district, the town that served as the capital of the [[Hoysala]] king [[Veera Ballala III]] in the 14th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Census of India, 1961|author=India. Office of the Registrar|publisher=Manager of Publications|year=1962|page=xxii}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Topics in South Indian From Early Times Upto 1565 A.D. History|author=A. Krishnaswami (Professor of History)|page=212|year=1975}}</ref>
 
Tuluva Vellalars are progressive and prosperous<ref name=TanjaiTamil>{{cite book|title=Glimpses of Tamil Civilization. Articles from the University Quarterly, Tamil Civilization|author=Tañcai Tamil̲p Palkalaik Kal̲akam, Tañcai Tamiḻp Palkalaik Kaḻakam|publisher=Tamil University|year=1994|page=142|quote='''Tuluva Vellala is a prosperous and progressive caste in Tamil Nadu and they migrated from Tulu Nadu to Tamil Nadu in ancient times.'''}}</ref> in the society. They are considerably advanced in the matter of education<ref>{{Cite book|title=Census Book of India 1961|publisher=The Director of stationery and Printing, Madras.|year=1961|volume=9 North Arcot District |location=Madras|pages=31|language=Tamil|chapter=3}}</ref> and the community was eagerly involved in business, Government and Non- governmental institutions.
 
The community commonly use Mudaliar<ref>{{Cite web |last=AP court orders |title=Doctypes |url=https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/113966190/?formInput=thuluva%20%20%20doctypes%3A%20judgments}}</ref> and Udayar titles. However Naicker,<ref>Glossary of Caste Name, North Arcot District, 1951</ref> Gounder, Reddy and Pillai titles are also present in some pockets.


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
 
*Vallal [[Pachaiyappa Mudaliar|Pachayappa Mudaliar]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vallal Pachaiyappa {{!}} Pachaiyappa's College|url=https://pachaiyappascollege.edu.in/vallal|access-date=2021-11-13|website=pachaiyappascollege.edu.in}}</ref>- a famous Dubashe of Madras and the founder of Pachayappa Educational Trust.
===Politics===
*[[V. L. Ethiraj]], [[Barrister]] and [[philanthropist]] who founded [[Ethiraj College for Women]].
* Sir Dr. [[C. Natesa Mudaliar]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=K|first=Kumaresan|title=Dravida Thalaivar C. Natesanar|year=1984|location=Madras|pages=Introduction, p.4}}</ref>{{qn|date=July 2020}} one of the founders of the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]], politician, activist and philanthropist
* Sir Dr. [[C. Natesa Mudaliar]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=K|first=Kumaresan|title=Dravida Thalaivar C. Natesanar|year=1984|location=Madras|pages=Introduction, p.4}}</ref>{{qn|date=July 2020}} one of the founders of the [[Justice Party (India)|Justice Party]], politician, activist and philanthropist.
* Diwan Bahadur Sir [[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Andrew wyatt, John Zavos|title=Decentring the Indian Nation|pages=115}}</ref> KCSI - Founder Chairman of [[UNESCO]] and the Diwan of Mysore
* Diwan Bahadur Sir [[Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Andrew wyatt, John Zavos|title=Decentring the Indian Nation|pages=115}}</ref> KCSI - Founder Chairman of [[UNESCO]] and the Diwan of Mysore.
*[[P. U. Shanmugam|P U Shanmugam]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-08-16|title=ப உ சண்முகம் பிறந்தநாள் விழா|work=Dinamani|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-vellore/2012/aug/16/1000-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-542766.html}}</ref> - Former Tamil Nadu minister of Public Works Department
*[[P. U. Shanmugam|P U Shanmugam]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-08-16|title=ப உ சண்முகம் பிறந்தநாள் விழா|work=Dinamani|url=https://www.dinamani.com/all-editions/edition-vellore/2012/aug/16/1000-பேருக்கு-அன்னதானம்-542766.html}}</ref> - Former Tamil Nadu minister of Public Works Department.
*[[V. M. Muralidharan]], Chairman, [[Ethiraj College for Women]]


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Thondaimandala Vellala]]
*[[Sangama dynasty]]
*[[Vellalar]]
*[[Arunachalesvara Temple]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


Latest revision as of 20:48, 23 July 2023


Thuluva Vellala
ClassificationThe Arcot Mudaliar and Arcot Vellala sects are classified as Forward Class[1] in Tamil Nadu, while the other sects of Thuluva Vellala are classified as Other Backward Class (OBC) at the Central[2][3] and State level[3] as serial no.1 Agamudayar including Thuluva Vellala.
where as, Thuluva Vellala, Agamudi Mudaliar and Aghamudi Vellala are classified as Backward Class (D) in Andhra Pradesh under the ‘Mudhaliar’ title.[4]
GotraShiva and Vishnu which is further insignificantly grouped as Vanadhirayar, Kalingarayar, Siva Maharshi etc.,
Kuladevi (female)Pachayamman, Angala Parameshwari, Saptha Kannimar and Ammachchar
ReligionsPredominantly Vaishnavism, also Shaivism,and Jainism[citation needed]
LanguagesTamil
RegionTamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka Cities : Chennai, Bangalore, Vellore.
Feudal titleMudaliar, Goundar, Udayar
Related groupsTamil people & Thondaimandala Vellala

Thuluva Vellalar (Thondamandala Tuluva Vellalar), [5]< [lower-alpha 1] also known as Agamudaya Mudaliars [7][8] and Arcot Mudaliars,[9] is a caste found in northern Tamil Nadu, southern Andhra Pradesh and southern Karnataka, India.[10][11][12] They were originally significant landowners.[13]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The term Vellalar may be derived from the word Vellam meaning water (flood), denoting their ability to control and store water for irrigation purposes.[14] Since they migrated from the Tulu country, they are called Thuluva Vellalar.[10][11][12]

History[edit | edit source]

An early Tamil tradition states that a king known as Ādonda Chakravarthi brought a large number of agriculturists (now known as the Tuluva Vellalas) from the Tulu areas in order to reclaim forest lands for cultivation in Thondaimandalam.[15] Scholar M. Arokiaswami identifies Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan with king Adondai Chakravarthi, the legendary figure who is referred to in the Mackenzie Manuscripts.[16]

Sometimes this migration of Tuluva Vellalas is also assigned to later Chola times when Hoysala Ballalas of Karnataka had occupied portions of Kanchipuram and Trichy.[17]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Their original stronghold in present-day Tamil Nadu was Thiruvannamalai in North Arcot district, the town that served as the capital of the Hoysala king Veera Ballala III in the 14th century.[18][19]

Tuluva Vellalars are progressive and prosperous[10] in the society. They are considerably advanced in the matter of education[20] and the community was eagerly involved in business, Government and Non- governmental institutions.

The community commonly use Mudaliar[21] and Udayar titles. However Naicker,[22] Gounder, Reddy and Pillai titles are also present in some pockets.

Notable people[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Susan Bayly has noted of the Vellalar communities generally that "they were never a tighly-knit community ... In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Vellala affiliation was a vague and uncertain as that of most other south Indian caste groups. Vellala identity was certainly thought of as a source of prestige, but for that very reason there were any number of groups who sought to claim Vellala status for themselves".[6]


  1. ↑ "அரசியல் ரீதியாக அங்கீகாரம் கிடைத்தாலும் 10 சதவீத இட ஒதுக்கீடு நிறைவேறுவதில் சிக்கல்". Dailythanthi.com. 18 July 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  2. ↑ "CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF TAMILNADU" (PDF). www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in. Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu. p. 1. Retrieved 11 March 2021. Entry.No 1
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu". Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu. Retrieved 6 March 2021. Sl.No 1
  4. ↑ Staff Reporter (12 December 2016). "'Mudaliar' title added in BC (D) list". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 6 February 2021.:”The State government has decided to add the title ‘Mudaliar’ in the first line of Sl. No. 39 of Group D of BC list following a request from the Mudaliar community. This will benefit Agamudimudaliar, Aghamudian, Aghamudiar, Agamudivellalar, and Agamudimudaliar, including Thuluva Vellalas.”
  5. ↑ Neild (1979)
  6. ↑ Bayly (2004), p. 411
  7. ↑ "ப உ சண்முகம் பிறந்தநாள் விழா". Dinamani. 16 August 2012.
  8. ↑ "துளுவ வேளாளர் சங்கம் கோரிக்கை". Dinamalar. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  9. ↑ Jacob Pandian (1987). Caste, Nationalism and Ethnicity: An Interpretation of Tamil Cultural History and Social Order. Popular Prakashan. p. 115.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Tañcai Tamil̲p Palkalaik Kal̲akam, Tañcai Tamiḻp Palkalaik Kaḻakam (1994). Glimpses of Tamil Civilization. Articles from the University Quarterly, Tamil Civilization. Tamil University. p. 142. Tuluva Vellala is a prosperous and progressive caste in Tamil Nadu and they migrated from Tulu Nadu to Tamil Nadu in ancient times.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Anthony R. Walker (1994). New Place, Old Ways, Essays on Indian Society and Culture in Modern Singapore. Hindustan Publishing Corporation. p. 200. The names of these four main Vellalar divisions are the Tondaimandalam (residents of the Pallava country), the Sōliyan (of the Cōla country), the Pandya (from the ancient Pandyan kingdom) and the Konku (from Konku country). Each of these four great divisions is further divided on a territorial basis. For example, the Tuluva are that branch of the Tondaimandalam Vellalar with origins in the Tulu country.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 M. D. Raghavan. Tamil Culture in Ceylon: A General Introduction. Kalai Nilayam, 1971. p. 130. The Thondaimandalam Vellalas are sub-divided into the Tuluvas, originally of the Tulu country;
  13. ↑ Rajadurai, S. V.; Geetha, V. (2004). "Response to John Harriss". In Wyatt, Andrew; Zavos, John (eds.). Decentring the Indian Nation. Routledge. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-13576-169-1.
  14. ↑ Vijaya Ramaswamy (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 390.
  15. ↑ Krishnaswamy Ranaganathan Hanumanthan. Untouchability: A Historical Study Upto 1500 A.D. : with Special Reference to Tamil Nadu. Koodal Publishers. p. 101.
  16. ↑ M. Arokiaswami (1954). The Early History of the Vellar Basin, with Special Reference to the Irukkuvels of Kodumbalur. A Study in Vellala Origin and Early History. Amudha Nilayam. p. 72.
  17. ↑ Proceedings and Transactions of the All-India Oriental Conference. 1964.
  18. ↑ India. Office of the Registrar (1962). Census of India, 1961. Manager of Publications. p. xxii.
  19. ↑ A. Krishnaswami (Professor of History) (1975). Topics in South Indian From Early Times Upto 1565 A.D. History. p. 212.
  20. ↑ "3". Census Book of India 1961 (in Tamil). Vol. 9 North Arcot District. Madras: The Director of stationery and Printing, Madras. 1961. p. 31.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  21. ↑ AP court orders. "Doctypes".
  22. ↑ Glossary of Caste Name, North Arcot District, 1951
  23. ↑ "Vallal Pachaiyappa | Pachaiyappa's College". pachaiyappascollege.edu.in. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  24. ↑ K, Kumaresan (1984). Dravida Thalaivar C. Natesanar. Madras. pp. Introduction, p.4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  25. ↑ Andrew wyatt, John Zavos. Decentring the Indian Nation. p. 115.
  26. ↑ "ப உ சண்முகம் பிறந்தநாள் விழா". Dinamani. 16 August 2012.
Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thuluva_Vellala&oldid=398724"
Discover more