Muhammad Iqbal: Difference between revisions

{{complex|date=August 2020}}

  | honorific_prefix = Allama

  | name             = Dr Muhammad Iqbal<br />{{lang|ur|{{Nastaliq|محمد اِقبال}}}}

  | honorific_suffix =

  | image            = Iqbal.jpg

  | caption          = Allama  Muhammad Iqbal

| other_names      = Poet of the East<br />{{lang|ur|{{nq|شاعر مشرق}}}}

  | birth_date      = {{Birth date|df=yes|1877|11|9}}

  | birth_place      = [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province, British India]],<br/> (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan]])

  | death_date      = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1938|4|21|1877|11|9}}

  | death_place      = [[Lahore]], [[Punjab]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]]<br/> (now in [[Punjab, Pakistan]])

| deathcause      = [[Heart Disease]]

  | residence       =

| alma_mater      = [[Scotch Mission College]]<small> ([[Faculty of Arts|F.A.]])</small><br />[[Government College University (Lahore)|Government College]] <small>([[B.A.]], [[M.A.]])</small><br />[[University of Cambridge]] <small>([[B.A.]])</small><br />[[University of Munich]] <small>([[Ph.D.]])</small>

  | notable_works    = ''[[The Secrets of the Self]]'', ''[[The Secrets of Selflessness]]'', ''[[Message from the East]]'', ''[[Persian Psalms]]'', ''[[Javid Nama]]'' ([[#Literary work|more works]])

  | region          = [[British India]]

  | main_interests  = [[Urdu poetry]], [[Persian poetry]], [[Law]]

  | notable_ideas    = [[Two-nation theory]], [[Allahabad Address]]

  | influences      = [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]], [[Syed Mir Hassan]], [[Rumi]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[Henri Bergson]], [[Thomas Walker Arnold]]

  | influenced      = [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], [[Pakistan Movement]], [[Islamic Republic of Pakistan]], [[Ale Ahmed Suroor]], [[Ali Shariati]], [[Fateh Muhammad Malik]]

'''Sir Muhammad Iqbal''' (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as '''Allama Iqbal''', was a Muslim [[poet]] and [[philosopher]]. '''Allama Iqbal gave the idea of [[Pakistan]]'''. He became the national poet of Pakistan. He is also known as the poet of East. He wrote poetry in [[Urdu]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. His poetry is considered to be revolutionary.<ref name="goethezeitportal">{{cite web  

| first = Alama

| date = 2006-06-28

| format = PDF

}}</ref>  His vision of an independent state for the Muslims of British India was a starting point for the creation of Pakistan. He is commonly referred to as Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal.

Muhammad Iqbal was born on 9 November 1877. His father was Sheikh Noor Muhammad,<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1015890929|title=Iqbal : The Life of a Poet, Philosopher and Politician|last=Anjum, Zafar.|isbn=9788184006568|oclc=1015890929}}</ref> who worked in a small government job but later started his own business, and his mother was Imam Bibi. Both Allama Iqbal's mother and father were very pious and religious-minded people and devoted to a simple life. After early Islamic education and then secondary at a small school in Sialkot, Iqbal was admitted to the Scottish Murray College, Sialkot, where he topped the higher secondary examinations and got a scholarship to study at the famous Government College, Lahore, for BA. On going to live in the hostel there, Iqbal met Professor Arnold, an English teacher who taught many things to Iqbal and guided him in his studies of philosophy and literature.He was very young at that time.

== Early career ==

At that time, Iqbal also became well known as a new poet and writer. He used to go to attend the 'Mushaira' at the haveli of Hakim Syed Aminuddin, in BhaatiGate area of Old Lahore city—hekre, he met many famous poets and writers and also began to write good poems which became very popular. He was guided by Mirza Dagh, Mirza Gurgani, Hakim Amin uddin, Hakim Shuja uddin and Sir Abdul Qadir. His first famous poem, ''Koh i Himala'' was also printed in Makhzan magazine, owned by Hakim Shuja uddin and Sir Abdul Qadir

After doing his BA and MA from Government College, Lahore, Iqbal was appointed a professor at this same institution and after some time, in 1905, he was selected for higher studies in England and Europe. He went and studied in Cambridge University and then also law at [[University of London]], and then he went to Munich, Germany, where he took a PHD degree. After all his study, Iqbal decided to go back and teach and also practice law in India.

==Later career, poetic and ideological work==

At that time he faced many difficulties.Although faced by some of the difficulties, Iqbal followed this plan. He taught some senior classes at Government College and also practiced Law at Lahore High Court. At the same time, he wrote many famous poems such as ''Asrar i Khudi'', ''Ramuz i Bekhudi'', ''Payam i Mashriq'', ''Zabur i Ajam'', ''Bang i Dara'', ''Bal i Jibrail'', ''Zarb i Kalim'' and etc. Because of his learning and knowledge, people soon began to call him 'Allama' Iqbal and in 1922, King George V of Britain, made him a knight, giving him the title of Allama 'Sir' Muhammad Iqbal. He was awarded 5 awards.

==Ideological work==

Allama Iqbal was a poet and a philosopher, he was always concerned about the thoughts, ideas and condition of Muslims everywhere, but specially Indian Muslims who were under British Rule and also threatened by Hindu majority population. Iqbal believed strongly in Sir [[Syed Ahmed Khan]]'s earlier idea about 'Two Nation theory' that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations and should be allowed to live separately. He put forward this idea again in his famous Allahabad Address of Muslim League, in 1930,<ref>http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_iqbal_1930.html Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal's 1930 Presidential Address to the Muslim League at Allahabad</ref> and also preached this in his poems and lectures. Allama's words and ideas inspired many Muslims, some of whom became leaders of the Muslim League, and struggled to obtain Pakistan later on. He was very popular amongst the Muslim masses too.

== Death ==

He died on 21 April 1938 in Lahore, Punjab, British India.

==Related pages==

* [[List of Urdu language poets]]

* [[List of notable Lahoris]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iqbal, Muhammad}}

[[Category:1873 births]]

[[Category:People of British India]]

[[Category:Indian writers]]

[[Category:Indian politicians]]

[[Category:Pakistani culture]]