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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Saharanpur | | name = Saharanpur | ||
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| image2 = Mazahir Uloom Jadeed.jpg | | image2 = Mazahir Uloom Jadeed.jpg | ||
| image3 = Out Side View Of Saharanpur Junction.jpg | | image3 = Out Side View Of Saharanpur Junction.jpg | ||
| footer = | | footer = Shakumbari Devi Temple; [[Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur]]; and [[Saharanpur Junction railway station]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| image_alt = | | image_alt = | ||
| image_caption = | | image_caption = | ||
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh# | | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India | ||
| pushpin_label_position = right | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_alt = | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| Line 28: | Line 27: | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 = State | | subdivision_type1 = [[List of states and union territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 = [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]] | | subdivision_name2 = [[Saharanpur district|Saharanpur]] | ||
| established_title = <!-- Established --> | | established_title = <!-- Established --> | ||
| | | leader_title2 = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha MP]] | ||
| | | leader_name2 = [[Haji Fazlur Rehman]] ([[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]) | ||
| | | leader_title1 = [[Mayor]] | ||
| | | leader_name1 = Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh ([[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etnownews.com/news/live-saharanpur-mayor-election-result-2023-counting-news-online-latest-updates-winners-losers-votes-count-on-sec-up-nic-in-dr-ajay-kumar-singh-bjp-khadija-masood-bsp-congress-liveblog-100202030|title=BJP's Ajay Kumar Singh wins by huge margin against Khadija Masood of BSP|accessdate=22 May 2023|work=ET Now News}}</ref> | ||
| governing_body = | | government_type = [[Municipal corporation|Municipal Corporation]] | ||
| governing_body = Saharanpur Municipal Corporation | |||
| unit_pref = Metric | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes = | | area_footnotes = | ||
| Line 63: | Line 63: | ||
| website = {{URL|saharanpur.nic.in}} | | website = {{URL|saharanpur.nic.in}} | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu]] | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu]], | ||
[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] | |||
| blank_name_sec1 = Airport | | blank_name_sec1 = Airport | ||
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Sarsawa Airport]] | | blank_info_sec1 = [[Sarsawa Airport]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Saharanpur''' is a city and a [[municipal corporation]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is also the [[public administration|administrative]] headquarters of [[Saharanpur district]]. | '''Saharanpur''' is a city and a [[Municipal corporation (India)|municipal corporation]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. It is also the [[public administration|administrative]] headquarters of [[Saharanpur district]]. | ||
Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/history/ |title = History {{!}} District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India}}</ref> | Saharanpur city's name was given after the Saint Shah Haroon Chishti.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/history/ |title = History {{!}} District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India}}</ref> | ||
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Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|MOUD]] as a part of [[Smart Cities Mission]] of the [[Government of India]]. | Saharanpur is declared as one amongst the 100 Smart Cities by [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|MOUD]] as a part of [[Smart Cities Mission]] of the [[Government of India]]. | ||
== | == Historical == | ||
{{See also|Saharanpur division|History of | {{See also|History of Uttar Pradesh|Saharanpur division}} | ||
===Medieval period=== | |||
During the reign of [[Iltutmish]] (r 1211–1236), the region became a part of the Delhi Sultanate. At that time, most of the area remained covered with forests and marshlands, through which the Paondhoi, Dhamola, and Ganda Nala rivers flowed. The climate was humid and malaria outbreaks were common. [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], the Sultan of Delhi (1325–1351), undertook a campaign in the northern ''doab'' to crush the rebellion of the [[Siwalik Hills|Shivalik]] kings in 1340, when according to local tradition he learned of the presence of a [[sufi]] saint on the banks of the Paondhoi River. After visiting the sage, he ordered that henceforth this region would be known as 'Shah-Haroonpur', after the Sufi Saint ''Shah Haroon Chishti''.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V21_375.gif History] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], v. 21, p. 369. 1909.</ref> The simple but well-preserved tomb of this saint is situated in the oldest quarter of Saharanpur city, between the Mali Gate/Bazar Dinanath and Halwai Hatta. By the end of the 14th century, the power of the Sultanate had declined and it was attacked by [[Timur]] the Lame (1336–1405) of Central Asia. Timur had marched through the Saharanpur region in 1399 to sack Delhi and people of the region fought his army unsuccessfully. A weakened Sultanate was later conquered by the Central Asian Mogul king [[Babur]] (1483–1531). | |||
===Mughal period=== | |||
In the 16th century, [[Babur]], a [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] descendant of [[Timur]] and [[Descent from Genghis Khan|Genghis Khan]] from [[Fergana Valley]] (modern-day [[Uzbekistan]]), invaded across the [[Khyber Pass]] and founded the [[Mughal Empire]], covering India, along with modern-day [[Afghanistan]], Pakistan and [[Bangladesh]]<ref>[https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927121217/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/mughals/ |date=2011-09-27 }}</ref> The Mughals were descended from Persianised Central Asian [[Turkic people|Turks]] (with significant [[Mongol]] admixture). | |||
During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal period]], [[Akbar]] (1542–1605), Saharanpur became an administrative unit under the Province of Delhi. Akbar bestowed the feudal ''[[jagir]]'' of Saharanpur to the Mughal treasurer, Sah Ranveer Singh, a Hindu Rohilla who laid the foundations of the present-day city on the site of an army cantonment. The nearest settlements at that time were [[Shekhpura]] and Malhipur. Saharanpur was a walled city, with four gates: the Sarai Gate, the Mali Gate, the Buria Gate, and the Lakhi Gate. The city was divided into the neighbourhoods named Nakhasa Bazar, Shah Behlol, Rani Bazar and Lakhi Gate. The ruins of Shah Ran Veer Singh's old fort can still be seen in the Chaudharian locality of Saharanpur, not far from the better known 'Bada-Imam-bada'. He also built a large [[Jain]] temple in Muhallah/Toli Chaundhariyan,<ref>Madhu Jain, O. C. Handa, and Omacanda Handa, ''Wood Handicraft: A Study of Its Origin and Development in Saharanpur'', Indus Publishing (2000), pp. 22–24. {{ISBN|81-7387-103-5}}</ref> it is now known as the 'Digamber-Jain Panchayati Mandir'. | |||
=== | ===The Sayyids and Rohillas=== | ||
In | Mughal emperors Akbar and later [[Shah Jehan]] (1592–1666) bestowed the administrative ''[[pargana]]'' of Sarwat on Muslim [[Sayyid]] families. In 1633 one of them founded a city and named it and the surrounding region [[Muzaffarnagar]], in honour of his father, Sayyid Muzaffar Ali Khan. The Sayyids ruled the area until the 1739 invasion by [[Nadir Shah]]. After his departure, anarchy prevailed across the entire ''doab'' with the region ruled in succession by Jats. Taking advantage of this anarchy, the [[Rohillas]] took control of the entire trans-Gangetic region. | ||
[[Ahmad Shah Durrani]], the [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] ruler who invaded Northwestern and Northern India in the 1750s, conferred the territory of Saharanpur as Jagir on Rohilla chief Najaf Khan, who assumed the title of Nawab [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najeeb-ud-Daula]] and took up residence in Saharanpur in 1754,. He made Gaunsgarh his capital and tried to strengthen his position against [[Maratha Empire]] attacks by entering an alliance with the Hindu [[Gurjar]] chieftain Manohar Singh. In 1759, Najeeb-ud-Daula issued a Deed of Agreement handing over 550 villages to Manohar Singh, who became the Raja of [[Landhaura|Landaura]]. | |||
===Maratha period=== | |||
In 1757, the Maratha army captured the Saharanpur region, which resulted in Najeeb-ud-Daula losing control of Saharanpur to the Maratha rulers [[Raghunathrao|Raghunath Rao]] and [[Malharao Holkar]]. The conflict between Rohillas and Marathas came to an end on 18{{nbsp}}December 1788 with the arrest of [[Ghulam Kadir|Ghulam Qadir]], the grandson of Najeeb-ud-Daula, who was defeated by the Maratha general [[Mahadaji Shinde|Mahadaji Scindia]]. The most significant contribution of Nawab Ghulam Qadir to Saharanpur city is the Nawab Ganj area and the Ahmedabadi fortress therein, which still stands. The death of Ghulam Qadir put an end to the Rohilla administration in Saharanpur and it became the northernmost district of the Maratha Empire. Ghani Bahadur Banda was appointed its first Maratha governor. The Maratha Regime saw the construction of the Bhuteshwar Temple and Bagheshwar Temple in Saharanpur city. In 1803, following the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], when the [[British East India Company]] defeated the Maratha Empire, Saharanpur came under British suzerainty.<ref>{{cite book | |||
|last = Mayaram | |||
|first = Shail | |||
|title = Against history, against state: counterperspectives from the margins Cultures of history | |||
|publisher = Columbia University Press, 2003 | |||
|isbn = 978-0-231-12731-8}}</ref> | |||
===British colonial period (1803–1947 AD)=== | ===British colonial period (1803–1947 AD)=== | ||
When | |||
When India rebelled in 1857 against the foreign Company's occupation, now referred to as the First War of Indian Independence, the Saharanpur and the present-day Muzaffarnagar Districts were part of that uprising. The centre of freedom fighters' operations was Shamli, a small town in the Muzaffarnagar region which was liberated for some time. After the uprising failed, British retribution was severe. Death and destruction was particularly directed against the Muslims of the region, whom the British considered as the main instigators of the rebellion. When social reconstruction started, the cultural and political history of Muslims began to revolve around Deoband and Aligarh. [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi|Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] and [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]], both proponents of the reformer [[Shah Waliullah Dehlawi|Shah Waliullah]]'s ideology for social and political rejuvenation, established a school in Deoband in 1867. It found popularity and global recognition as the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. Its founders' mission was twofold: to raise and spread a team of scholars able to awaken the religious and social consciousness of Muslims through peaceful methods and to make efforts, through them, to educate Muslims in their faith and culture; and to bring about a feeling of nationalism and national unity by promoting the concept of Hindu-Muslim unity and a united India. Muslim scholars in the city of Saharanpur were active supporters of this ideology and went on to establish the [[Mazahir Uloom]] theological seminary six months later. | |||
==Geography and climate== | ==Geography and climate== | ||
[[File:Weeks Edwin Lord Indian Barbers Saharanpore.jpg|thumb|Barbers in Saharanpur, a painting by [[Edwin Lord Weeks]] (1849–1903)]] | |||
Saharanpur is located at {{coord|29.97|N|77.55|E|}}, about {{convert|140|km}} south-southeast of [[Chandigarh]], {{convert|170|km}} north-northeast of [[Delhi]], {{convert|65|km}} north-northeast of [[Shamli]] and about {{convert|61|km}} south-west of [[Dehradun]]. It has an average elevation of {{convert|269|m}}. Saharanpur is a part of a geographical [[doab]] region. Saharanpur district join four states together [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Haryana]]. | Saharanpur is located at {{coord|29.97|N|77.55|E|}}, about {{convert|140|km}} south-southeast of [[Chandigarh]], {{convert|170|km}} north-northeast of [[Delhi]], {{convert|65|km}} north-northeast of [[Shamli]] and about {{convert|61|km}} south-west of [[Dehradun]]. It has an average elevation of {{convert|269|m}}. Saharanpur is a part of a geographical [[doab]] region. Saharanpur district join four states together [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]] and [[Haryana]]. | ||
| Line 109: | Line 130: | ||
| Apr mean C =26 | | Apr mean C =26 | ||
| May mean C =30 | | May mean C =30 | ||
| Jun mean C = | | Jun mean C =31 | ||
| Jul mean C =29 | | Jul mean C =29 | ||
| Aug mean C =28 | | Aug mean C =28 | ||
| Line 168: | Line 189: | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
{{Historical population | |||
{{ | | source = <ref name="dchb a">{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-A|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh|location=Lucknow|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0901_PART_A_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|470–471}} | ||
| 1901 | 66254 | |||
| 1911 | 62850 | |||
| 1921 | 62261 | |||
| 1931 | 78665 | |||
| 1941 | 105622 | |||
| 1951 | 148435 | |||
| 1961 | 185213 | |||
| 1971 | 225396 | |||
| 1981 | 295355 | |||
| 1991 | 374945 | |||
| 2001 | 455754 | |||
| 2011 | 705478 | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
According to the [[2011 Indian census]], Saharanpur had a population of 705,478, 12.5% of whom were under the age of six, living in 129,856 households within the municipal corporation limits.<ref name="dchb b">{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-B|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh|location=Lucknow|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0901_PART_B_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf}}</ref>{{rp| | According to the [[2011 Indian census]], Saharanpur had a population of 705,478, 12.5% of whom were under the age of six, living in 129,856 households within the municipal corporation limits.<ref name="dchb b">{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook Saharanpur Part-B|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh|location=Lucknow|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0901_PART_B_DCHB_SAHARANPUR.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|26–27}} The city is spread over an area of {{convert|46.74|sqkm|sqmi|abbr=on}} and with a population density of {{convert|15093.67|/sqkm|/sqmi|abbr=on}}, is the [[List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population|eleventh most populous city]] in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 7 July 2012 }}</ref> Saharanpur had a population of 455,754 in 2001 and 374,945 in 1991.<ref name="dchb a" /> | ||
[[Male]]s constitute of 52.7% of the total population while [[female]]s constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] account for 14.2% and 0.1% of the population respectively.<ref name="dchb b" /> There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city.<ref name="dchb a" /> | [[Male]]s constitute of 52.7% of the total population while [[female]]s constitute of 47.3% of the total population and thus, the city has a [[Human sex ratio|sex ratio]] of 891 females for every 1,000 males. The city has an average literacy rate of 76.32%. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] account for 14.2% and 0.1% of the population respectively.<ref name="dchb b" /> There are 233,196 people, constituting about 33% of the total population, who live in slums in the city.<ref name="dchb a" /> | ||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Religions in Saharanpur City<ref name=census2011>{{cite web | |title=Religions in Saharanpur City (2011)<ref name=census2011>{{cite web | ||
|publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14Dist/ST-09-01-14-DDW-2011.XLS | title=Saharanpur Religion Census 2011 }}</ref> | |publisher=Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/SCST-Series/ST14Dist/ST-09-01-14-DDW-2011.XLS | title=Saharanpur Religion Census 2011 }}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#Fcd116 | |titlebar=#Fcd116 | ||
| Line 199: | Line 216: | ||
|float=right | |float=right | ||
|bars= | |bars= | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|50.92}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|45.89}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[ | {{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|darkkhaki|1.23}} | ||
{{bar percent|[[Jainism | {{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|pink|1.03}} | ||
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.45}}}} | {{bar percent|Others|black|0.45}}}} | ||
Roughly half of the city's population are [[Hindu]]s, who form a slight majority, while [[Muslim]]s constitute about | |||
Roughly half of the city's population are [[Hindu]]s, who form a slight majority, while [[Muslim]]s constitute about 45 percent of the total population. [[Sikh]]s and [[Jain]]s are also present in smaller numbers.<ref name=census2011 /> | |||
The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur is [[Hindi language|Hindi]], which along with [[Urdu language|Urdu]] is the official language of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> There are significant numbers of Urdu and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] speakers, while [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] is also spoken by some people.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> The standard dialect of Hindi spoken is the [[Kauravi dialect|Khari Boli dialect]].<ref name="ref04piyuq">{{Citation | title=An Outline of the cultural history of India | author=Syed Abdul Latif | publisher=Oriental Books, 1979 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHNDAAAAYAAJ | quote=... Khari Boli is spoken as mother-tongue in the following areas: (1) East of the Ganges, in the districts of Rampur, Bijnor and Moradabad,Bareilly, (2) between the Ganges and the Jamuna, in the districts of Meerut, Muzaffar Nagar, Azamgarh, Varanasi, May, Saharanpur and in the plain district of Dehradun, and (3) West of the Jamuna, in the urban areas of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ...| year=1958 }}</ref> | The most widely spoken language in Saharanpur is [[Hindi language|Hindi]], which along with [[Urdu language|Urdu]] is the official language of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=20 December 2018|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> There are significant numbers of Urdu and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] speakers, while [[Haryanvi language|Haryanvi]] is also spoken by some people.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref> The standard dialect of Hindi spoken is the [[Kauravi dialect|Khari Boli dialect]].<ref name="ref04piyuq">{{Citation | title=An Outline of the cultural history of India | author=Syed Abdul Latif | publisher=Oriental Books, 1979 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SHNDAAAAYAAJ | quote=... Khari Boli is spoken as mother-tongue in the following areas: (1) East of the Ganges, in the districts of Rampur, Bijnor and Moradabad,Bareilly, (2) between the Ganges and the Jamuna, in the districts of Meerut, Muzaffar Nagar, Azamgarh, Varanasi, May, Saharanpur and in the plain district of Dehradun, and (3) West of the Jamuna, in the urban areas of Delhi and Karnal and the eastern part of Ambala district ...| year=1958 }}</ref> | ||
== Government and politics == | == Government and politics == | ||
Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipalities {{!}} District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/municipalities/|access-date=2020-09-17|language=en-US}}</ref> The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ward Map|url=http://www.saharanpurnagarnigam.in/img/Ward%20Map.JPG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917072047/http://www.saharanpurnagarnigam.in/img/Ward%20Map.JPG|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-09-17|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Saharanpur Nagar Nigam}}</ref> represented by 70 [[councillor]]s who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for a five-year term.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2017-12-02|title=Saharanpur Municipal Corporation Election 2017 Results Winners' List|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/saharanpur-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-bjp-bsp-sp-congress-aap-aimim-in-up-2701934/|access-date=2020-09-17|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently | Saharanpur city is governed by Saharanpur Municipal Corporation, erstwhile Municipal Council.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Municipalities {{!}} District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh {{!}} India|url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/municipalities/|access-date=2020-09-17|language=en-US}}</ref> The city is divided into 4 zones and 70 [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ward Map|url=http://www.saharanpurnagarnigam.in/img/Ward%20Map.JPG|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917072047/http://www.saharanpurnagarnigam.in/img/Ward%20Map.JPG|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-09-17|access-date=17 September 2020|website=Saharanpur Nagar Nigam}}</ref> represented by 70 [[councillor]]s who were elected by municipal or local elections in 2017 for a five-year term.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India com News|date=2017-12-02|title=Saharanpur Municipal Corporation Election 2017 Results Winners' List|url=https://www.india.com/news/india/saharanpur-nagar-nigam-elections-2017-results-winners-list-names-of-winning-candidates-of-bjp-bsp-sp-congress-aap-aimim-in-up-2701934/|access-date=2020-09-17|website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com|language=en}}</ref> The head of the administrative wing is the Municipal Commissioner, currently Ms.Gazal Bharadwaj,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-10|title=UP's unique ATMs installed to sensitize hands and discharge Masks for only ₹5, initiative receives praises|url=https://www.theyouth.in/2020/09/10/ups-unique-atms-installed-to-sensitize-hands-and-discharge-masks-for-only-%e2%82%b95-initiative-receives-praises/|access-date=2020-09-17|website=The Youth|language=en-US}}</ref> while the head of the elected wing is the [[mayor]], Dr Ajay Kumar Singh, from the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr Ajay Kumar Singh (Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SAHARANPUR(SAHARANPUR) – Affidavit Information of Candidate|url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/saharanpur/bjp-candidate-for-the-post-of-mayor-dr-ajay-kumar-is-the-richest-saharanpur-news-c-30-1-sha1002-1120-2023-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2023-04-18|title=Saharanpur Mayor Election Result 2023: BJP's Dr Ajay Kumar Singh wins by 8000 votes|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/story-who-is-dr-ajay-kumar-singh-know-about-bjp-mayor-of-saharanpur-municipal-corporation-of-up-8161860.html|access-date=2023-05-13 |website=livehindustan|language=en-US}}</ref> | ||
The city is also part of the [[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur Lok Sabha]] constituency, which elected [[Haji Fazlur Rehman]] from the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] in 2019 as the [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-22|title=BSP announces first list of candidates, banks on Gujjar-Jat-Muslim support|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/bsp-releases-first-list-of-11-candidates-danish-ali-to-contest-from-amroha/story-K1Xs7CjazbNZmPPJbnMTyO.html|access-date=2020-09-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members : Lok Sabha|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/AlphabeticalList.aspx|access-date=2020-09-17|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and part of the [[Saharanpur (Assembly constituency)|Saharanpur Assembly constituency]] that elected [[Ashu Malik]] from the [[Samajwadi Party]] in 2022 as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/ashu-malik-saharanpur-candidate-s24a004c05/ | title=Ashu-malik in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022 }}</ref> | The city is also part of the [[Saharanpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Saharanpur Lok Sabha]] constituency, which elected [[Haji Fazlur Rehman]] from the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] in 2019 as the [[Member of parliament|Member of Parliament]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-22|title=BSP announces first list of candidates, banks on Gujjar-Jat-Muslim support|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lok-sabha-elections/bsp-releases-first-list-of-11-candidates-danish-ali-to-contest-from-amroha/story-K1Xs7CjazbNZmPPJbnMTyO.html|access-date=2020-09-17|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members : Lok Sabha|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/AlphabeticalList.aspx|access-date=2020-09-17|website=loksabhaph.nic.in}}</ref> and part of the [[Saharanpur (Assembly constituency)|Saharanpur Assembly constituency]] that elected [[Ashu Malik]] from the [[Samajwadi Party]] in 2022 as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/ashu-malik-saharanpur-candidate-s24a004c05/ | title=Ashu-malik in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022 }}</ref> | ||
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====Company Garden==== | ====Company Garden==== | ||
The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the British East India Company<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC | The Saharanpur Botanical Gardens, known as the Company Garden and once the preserve of British East India Company, is one of the oldest existing gardens in India, dating to before 1750. Then named Farahat-Bakhsh, it was originally a pleasure ground set out by a local chief, Intazam ud-ullah. In 1817, it was acquired by the [[British East India Company]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&dq=Farahat-Bakhsh&pg=PA297 Sharad Singh Negi, ''Biodiversity and its conservation in India''] 2nd revised ed. New Delhi, Indus Publishing (2008) {{ISBN|978-81-7387-211-2}}</ref> and placed under the authority of the District [[Surgeon]]. [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]] says of this Botanical Garden that "''Amongst its greatest triumphs may be considered the introduction of the tea-plant from China, a fact I allude to, as many of my English readers may not be aware that the establishment of the tea-trade in the [[Himalaya]] and [[Assam]] is almost entirely the work of the superintendents of the gardens of [[Calcutta]] and Seharunpore.''"<ref>"Joseph Dalton Hooker, ''Himalayan Journals, or Notes of a Naturalist ...,'' Kew (1854), vol. I, p. 5.</ref> | ||
In 1887, when the [[Botanical Survey of India]] was set up to reform the country's [[botany|botanical sciences]], Saharanpur became the centre for the survey of the northern Indian [[flora]]. The Garden is seen historically as being second only to the [[Indian Botanical Gardens|Calcutta Gardens]] for its contribution to science and economy in India. Under private auspices today, it is full of greenery and has many different kinds of plants and flowers.<ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/online-exhibitions/art-themes/india/more/lily_more_info.htm Saharanpur Botanic Garden]</ref> | In 1887, when the [[Botanical Survey of India]] was set up to reform the country's [[botany|botanical sciences]], Saharanpur became the centre for the survey of the northern Indian [[flora]]. The Garden is seen historically as being second only to the [[Indian Botanical Gardens|Calcutta Gardens]] for its contribution to science and economy in India. Under private auspices today, it is full of greenery and has many different kinds of plants and flowers.<ref>[http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/online-exhibitions/art-themes/india/more/lily_more_info.htm Saharanpur Botanic Garden]</ref> | ||
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====Shakumbari Devi Temple==== | ====Shakumbari Devi Temple==== | ||
Siddhpeeth Shri Shakumbhari Devi Temple is an important and ancient Hindu temple. It is situated in the Shivalik hills in Behat tehsil, 40 km from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/tourist-place/shakumbhari-devi-temple/ | title=Shakumbhari Devi Temple | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India }}</ref> It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers in India. Every year lakhs of visitors visit the temple. Shakumbhari devi is a famous Shaktipeeth of maa Durga.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-crowd-of-devotees-at-maa-shakambhari-temple-in-saharanpur-mythological-importance-of-siddha-peeth-20928489.html | title=मां शाकम्भरी मन्दिर पर उमड़ा श्रद्धा का सैलाब, जानिए सिद्ध पीठ का पौराणिक महत्व }}</ref> | Siddhpeeth Shri Shakumbhari Devi Temple is an important and ancient Hindu temple. It is situated in the Shivalik hills in Behat tehsil, 40 km from Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://saharanpur.nic.in/tourist-place/shakumbhari-devi-temple/ | title=Shakumbhari Devi Temple | District Saharanpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh | India }}</ref> It is one of the most visited pilgrimage centers in India. Every year lakhs of visitors visit the temple. Shakumbhari devi is a famous Shaktipeeth of maa Durga.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut-city-crowd-of-devotees-at-maa-shakambhari-temple-in-saharanpur-mythological-importance-of-siddha-peeth-20928489.html | title=मां शाकम्भरी मन्दिर पर उमड़ा श्रद्धा का सैलाब, जानिए सिद्ध पीठ का पौराणिक महत्व }}</ref> | ||
== Transport == | == Transport == | ||
[[File:Howrah Amritsar Express at Saharanpur.jpg|thumb|[[Howrah-Amritsar Express|A train]] passing through [[Saharanpur railway station|Saharanpur Railway Station]]]] | [[File:Howrah Amritsar Express at Saharanpur.jpg|thumb|[[Howrah-Amritsar Express|A train]] passing through [[Saharanpur railway station|Saharanpur Railway Station]]]] | ||
Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur | Two major National Highways pass through Saharanpur – [[National Highway 709B (India)|NH 709B]] and [[National Highway 344 (India)|NH 344]]. The NH 709B originates in Saharanpur and connects it to [[Delhi]] via [[Shamli]] and [[Baghpat]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/180449.pdf|title=New National Highway 709B notification – GOI|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref> while the NH 344 connects Saharanpur with [[Ambala]], [[Yamunanagar]] and [[Roorkee]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of Indian National Highways|website=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331002823/http://www.morth.nic.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=31 March 2012|access-date=22 November 2019}}</ref> [[State Highway 57 (Uttar Pradesh)|Uttar Pradesh State Highway 57]], commonly known as Delhi-Yamunotri highway, also passes through the city.<ref name=UPPWDSHList>{{cite web|title=Complete Road_Detail's_SH |url=http://uppwd.up.nic.in/pdf/SH_Road_List.pdf |date=2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611081808/http://uppwd.up.nic.in/pdf/SH_Road_List.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2016 |publisher=Public Works Department, [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] |access-date=12 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway]] has also been proposed, which will be ready by March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=goyal |first1=raghav |title=Centre Gives In-Principle Approval For Dehradun-Delhi Expressway |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/centre-gives-in-principle-approval-for-construction-of-dehradun-delhi-expressway |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=TheQuint |date=25 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=K. Dash |first1=Dipak |title=23 new expressways and highways coming up in next 5 years {{!}} India News – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/23-expressways-new-highways-coming-up-in-next-5-years/articleshow/77526921.cms |access-date=9 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> | ||
[[Saharanpur Junction railway station|Saharanpur Junction]] is the primary railway station serving the city. The station is under the administrative control of [[Ambala railway division]] of the [[Northern Railways]],<ref name=amb1>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 Ambala Division map and history].</ref> and is located at the junction of [[Moradabad–Ambala line]], [[Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line]] and the [[Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line]]. Saharanpur was connected with rail lines when the [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]] completed the {{convert|483|km|mi|0|adj=mid|-long}} {{stnlnk|Amritsar}}–{{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment Junction||Ambala}}–{{stnlnk|Saharanpur}}–{{stnlnk|Ghaziabad}} line in 1870 connecting {{stnlnk|Multan Cantonment||Multan}} (now in Pakistan) with {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction||Delhi}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899) |url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html| access-date=7 March 2014}}</ref> Another line connecting Saharanpur with [[Moradabad]] was completed in 1886.<ref name=orr>{{cite web | url = http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.html | title = Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway | publisher = Management Ebooks | access-date = 17 January 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140111051716/http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.html | archive-date = 11 January 2014 | [[Saharanpur Junction railway station|Saharanpur Junction]] is the primary railway station serving the city. The station is under the administrative control of [[Ambala railway division]] of the [[Northern Railways]],<ref name=amb1>[http://www.nr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,263,314,319 Ambala Division map and history].</ref> and is located at the junction of [[Moradabad–Ambala line]], [[Delhi–Meerut–Saharanpur line]] and the [[Delhi–Shamli–Saharanpur line]]. Saharanpur was connected with rail lines when the [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]] completed the {{convert|483|km|mi|0|adj=mid|-long}} {{stnlnk|Amritsar}}–{{stnlnk|Ambala Cantonment Junction||Ambala}}–{{stnlnk|Saharanpur}}–{{stnlnk|Ghaziabad}} line in 1870 connecting {{stnlnk|Multan Cantonment||Multan}} (now in Pakistan) with {{stnlnk|Delhi Junction||Delhi}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=IR History: Early Days II (1870–1899) |url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html| access-date=7 March 2014}}</ref> Another line connecting Saharanpur with [[Moradabad]] was completed in 1886.<ref name=orr>{{cite web | url = http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.html | title = Oudh and Rohilkhand Railway | publisher = Management Ebooks | access-date = 17 January 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20140111051716/http://management.ebooks6.com/The-Oudh-Rohilkhand-Railway-download-w23852.html | archive-date = 11 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title = IR History – Early Days II (1870–1899)| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 17 January 2014}}</ref> | ||
The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]] in Delhi with Saharanpur was opened to traffic in 1907. The railway was built in {{RailGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} [[Narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] and total length was {{convert|94.24|mi|km}}.<ref name="Shahdara-Saharanpur Light Railway">{{cite web|url= http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/Shahdara-Saharanpur_Light_Railway | title=Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway | publisher= fibis| access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=lightrailway>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/steam/sslr.html | title=Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway |last= R. Sivaramakrishnan| publisher= IRFCA| access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="IR V">{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title= IR History Part V (1970–1995)|publisher= IRFCA| access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> However, due to increasing losses, the railway was closed in 1970. It was later converted to {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}} broad gauge and was repopened in the late 1970s.<ref name=lightrailway | The Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway connecting [[Shahdara district|Shahdara]] in Delhi with Saharanpur was opened to traffic in 1907. The railway was built in {{RailGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}} [[Narrow gauge railway|narrow gauge]] and total length was {{convert|94.24|mi|km}}.<ref name="Shahdara-Saharanpur Light Railway">{{cite web|url= http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/Shahdara-Saharanpur_Light_Railway | title=Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway | publisher= fibis| access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=lightrailway>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/steam/sslr.html | title=Shahdara–Saharanpur light railway |last= R. Sivaramakrishnan| publisher= IRFCA| access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref><ref name="IR V">{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title= IR History Part V (1970–1995)|publisher= IRFCA| access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> However, due to increasing losses, the railway was closed in 1970. It was later converted to {{RailGauge|1676mm|allk=on}} broad gauge and was repopened in the late 1970s.<ref name=lightrailway/><ref name="IR V"/><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1973-74.pdf | title= Speech of Shri Lalit Narayan Mishra introducing the Railway Budget for 1973–74, on 20th February 1973 | work= Light Railways| publisher= Indian Railways| access-date=8 March 2014}}</ref> Saharanpur falls on the route of the proposed {{convert|1839|km|adj=on}} [[Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India|Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor]] project.<ref>[http://dfccil.org/wps/portal/DFCCPortal/ Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808014851/http://dfccil.org/wps/portal/DFCCPortal |date=8 August 2011 }}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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