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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}  
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}  
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Ahmedabad
| name               = Ahmedabad
| native_name             = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name       = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. -->
| native_name_lang        = Amdavad
| native_name_lang   =
| settlement_type         = [[Metropolis]]
| other_name         = Karnavati, Ashaval
| image_shield             = Amdavad Municipal Corporation logo.png
| settlement_type   = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline           = {{multiple image
| image_shield       = Amdavad Municipal Corporation logo.png
| image_skyline     = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| total_width = 290
| image_style =
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 =  
| image1 = SG Highway Skyline.jpg
| image5 = Amdavad Aerial.jpg
| caption1 = Skyline of [[Sarkhej–Gandhinagar Highway|SG Highway]]
| image2= SG Highway Skyline.jpg
| image2= Sheth Hutheesinh Temple.jpg
| image4 = Atal Pedestrian Bridge at Night.jpg
| caption2 = [[Hutheesing Temple]]
| image3  = Sheth Hutheesinh Temple.jpg
| image3 = Atal Pedestrian Bridge at Night.jpg
| image6  =
| caption3 = [[Atal Pedestrian Bridge]]
| image7 = Riverfront Ahmedabad.jpg
| image4 = Riverfront Ahmedabad.jpg
| image8 = Ahmedabad BRTS.jpg
| caption4 = [[Sabarmati Riverfront]]
| image5 = Ahemdabad Skyline.jpg
| caption5 = Ahmedabad Aerial View
| image6 = Ahmedabad BRTS.jpg
| caption6 = [[Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System|Ahmedabad BRTS Station]]
| image7 = President Trump and the First Lady in India (49582986283).jpg
| caption7 = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]]
}}
}}
| image_alt                =  
| nickname          = Heritage City of India
| image_caption           = '''Clockwise from top:''' <br /> High Rises on SG Highway, [[Atal Pedestrian Bridge]], [[Sabarmati Riverfront]], Ahmedabad BRTS Station, Ahmedabad Aerial View, [[Hutheesing Temple]].
| map_alt           =  
| nickname                = Heritage City of India
| map_caption        =
| map_alt                  =  
| pushpin_map        = India Ahmedabad#India Gujarat#India
| map_caption              =
| pushpin_label_position = center
| pushpin_map              = India Ahmedabad#India Gujarat#India
| pushpin_map_alt    =  
| pushpin_label_position  = center
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Ahmedabad in [[Gujarat]]
| pushpin_map_alt          =
| pushpin_relief     =  
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location of Ahmedabad in [[Gujarat]]
| coordinates       = {{coord|23.03|72.58|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_relief           =  
| subdivision_type   = Country
| coordinates             = {{coord|23.03|72.58|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Gujarat]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Gujarat]]
| established_title = Establishment
| subdivision_name2       = [[Ahmedabad district|Ahmedabad]]
| established_date   = 11th Century as [[Ashaval]]
| established_title       = Establishment
| named_for         = [[Ahmad Shah I]]
| established_date         = 11th Century as [[Ashaval]]
| founder           = King Asha Bhil
| named_for               = [[Ahmad Shah I]]
| government_type   = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| founder                 = King Asha Bhil
| governing_body     = [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]
| government_type         = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Ahmedabad|Mayor]]
| governing_body           = [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_name       = [[Kirit Parmar]] ([[BJP]])
| leader_title             = [[List of mayors of Ahmedabad|Mayor]]
| leader_title2     = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name             = [[Kirit Parmar]] ([[BJP]])
| leader_name2       = Gita Patel ([[BJP]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.com/city/ahmedabad/bijal-patel-is-mayor-makwana-her-deputy/articleshow/64593593.cms|title=Bijal Patel is mayor, Makwana her deputy|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 June 2018}}</ref>
| leader_title2           = [[Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_title3     = [[Municipal commissioner]]
| leader_name2             = Gita Patel ([[BJP]])<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.com/city/ahmedabad/bijal-patel-is-mayor-makwana-her-deputy/articleshow/64593593.cms|title=Bijal Patel is mayor, Makwana her deputy|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=15 June 2018}}</ref>
| leader_name3       = M. Thennarasan<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2022 |title=Gujarat government transport 23 IAS officers; AMC GMC get new commissioners |work=DeshGujarat |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/12/gujarat-government-transfers-23-ias-officers-amc-gmc-get-new-commissioners/ |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
| leader_title3           = [[Municipal commissioner]]
| leader_title4     = [[Police commissioner]]
| leader_name3             = M. Thennarasan<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 October 2022 |title=Gujarat government transport 23 IAS officers; AMC GMC get new commissioners |work=DeshGujarat |url=https://www.deshgujarat.com/2022/10/12/gujarat-government-transfers-23-ias-officers-amc-gmc-get-new-commissioners/ |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
| leader_name4       = Sanjay Shrivastav IPS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-police-chief-visits-stadium-ashram/articleshow/74125656.cms|title=City police chief visits stadium, ashram |date=14 February 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214211834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-police-chief-visits-stadium-ashram/articleshow/74125656.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| leader_title4           = [[Police commissioner]]
| unit_pref         = Metric
| leader_name4             = Sanjay Shrivastav IPS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-police-chief-visits-stadium-ashram/articleshow/74125656.cms|title=City police chief visits stadium, ashram |date=14 February 2020|website=The Times of India|access-date=19 February 2020|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214211834/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/city-police-chief-visits-stadium-ashram/articleshow/74125656.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_footnotes     = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|title=About Us |work=[[Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority]] |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220004611/http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|url-status=live}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_total_km2    = 1,866
| area_footnotes           = <ref name='Municipal Extensions'>{{cite news|title=Expansion of Municipal Corporations|website=The Times of India |date=19 June 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=18 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818194323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='Municipalities have extension in Gujarat'>{{cite web|title=Municipalities have extension in Gujarat|url=https://www.gnsnews.co.in/municipal-corporation-limits-of-5-cities-including-gandhinagar-extended/|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920101249/https://www.gnsnews.co.in/municipal-corporation-limits-of-5-cities-including-gandhinagar-extended/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='AMC Expands'>{{cite web|title=AMC Expansion|date=8 September 2020|url=https://citizenmatters.in/ahmedabad-municipal-corporation-expansion-real-estate-calls-shots-21022|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116144630/https://citizenmatters.in/ahmedabad-municipal-corporation-expansion-real-estate-calls-shots-21022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AMC"/>
| area_urban_footnotes =
| area_total_km2          = 505.00
| area_rank          = 8th in India (1st in Gujarat State)
| area_urban_km2          = 1,866
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html |title=Gujarāt (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115558/http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html |work=citypopulation.de |archive-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
| area_urban_footnotes    = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|title=About Us {{!}} AUDA|website=www.auda.org.in|access-date=20 February 2020|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220004611/http://www.auda.org.in/Content/about-us-42|url-status=live}}</ref>
| elevation_m        = 53
| area_rank                = 8th in India (1st in Gujarat State)
| population_total  = Est 8,650,605
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/about_amc.jsp |title=About The Corporation: Ahmedabad Today |access-date=24 April 2018 |publisher=Ahmdabad Municipal Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425114642/https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/Static_pages/about_amc.jsp |archive-date=25 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_as_of  = 2023
| elevation_m              = 53
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{citation |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population |title=Ahmedabad Population |work=worldpopulationreview.com }}</ref>
| population_total        = 90,90000
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of        = 2023
| population_rank    = [[List of most populous cities in India|5th]]
| population_footnotes    = <ref>{{citation |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/ahmedabad-population |title=Ahmedabad Population |work=worldpopulationreview.com }}</ref>
| population_demonym = Amdavadi, Ahmedabadi
| population_density_km2   = auto
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_urban        = 6357693
| utc_offset1        = +5:30
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name=UA>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html|title=Gujarāt (India): State, Major Agglomerations & Cities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430115558/http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Gujarat.html|archive-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
| postal_code_type  = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| population_rank          = [[List of most populous cities in India|5th]]
| postal_code        = 380 0XX
| population_demonym      = Amdavadi, Ahmedabadi
| area_code          = [[Telephone numbers in India|079]]
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| registration_plate = GJ-01 (west), GJ-27 (East), GJ-38 Bavla (Rural)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kaushik|first1=Himanshu|date=3 January 2019|first2=Niyati|last2=Parikh |title=GJ-01 series registers 12% drop in one year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808104137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms|archive-date=8 August 2020|access-date=8 August 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| utc_offset1              = +5:30
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2016)}}
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| blank_info_sec1    = 0.867<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Human Development Reports United Nations Development Programme |url=https://www.undp.org/india/publications/district-human-development-reports |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref>
| postal_code              = 380 0XX
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| area_code                = [[Telephone numbers in India|079]]
| blank1_info_sec1  = 1.11<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Sex-Ratio and Population Density|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|work=[[2011 census of India]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=21 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113182831/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| registration_plate      = GJ-01 (west), GJ-27 (East), GJ-38 Bavla (Rural)<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Kaushik|first1=Himanshu|date=3 January 2019|first2=Niyati|last2=Parikh |title=GJ-01 series registers 12% drop in one year |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808104137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gj-01-series-registers-12-drop-in-one-year/articleshow/67356737.cms|archive-date=8 August 2020|access-date=8 August 2020|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
| blank2_name        = Literacy rate
| blank_name_sec1          = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2016)}}
| blank2_info        = 85.3%<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat elections 2022: Seats with high literacy rates record low voting numbers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-elections-2022-seats-with-high-literacy-rates-record-low-voting-numbers/articleshow/96044854.cms |access-date=2023-03-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| blank_info_sec1          = 0.867<ref>{{Cite web |title=District Human Development Reports United Nations Development Programme |url=https://www.undp.org/india/publications/district-human-development-reports |access-date=2023-03-07 |website=UNDP |language=en}}</ref>
| footnotes          =  
| blank1_name_sec1          = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank_name_sec2    = [[Gross domestic product]]
| blank1_info_sec1          = 1.11<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Population, Decadal Growth Rate, Sex-Ratio and Population Density|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|work=[[2011 census of India]]|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=21 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113182831/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/gujarat/table-1.xls|archive-date=13 November 2011}}</ref> [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank_info_sec2    = $110&nbsp;billion<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad - C40 Cities |website=C40.org |url=https://www.c40.org/cities/ahmedabad/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessworld.in/article/Richest-Cities-Of-India/28-06-2017-121011/|title=Richest Cities Of India|date=2017|website=businessworld.in/|access-date=2023-06-22}}</ref>
| blank2_name              = Literacy rate
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| blank2_info              = 85.3%<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-08 |title=Gujarat elections 2022: Seats with high literacy rates record low voting numbers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-elections-2022-seats-with-high-literacy-rates-record-low-voting-numbers/articleshow/96044854.cms |access-date=2023-03-07 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| footnotes                =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| blank_name_sec2          = [[Gross domestic product|GDP Nominal]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional&nbsp;official
| blank_info_sec2          = $80&nbsp;billion<ref name="Gujarat_gdp">{{Cite web |title=District Domestic Product Per Capita |url=https://data.icrisat.org/dld/src/gdp.html |access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref>
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Gross domestic product|Percapita]]
| website            = {{URL|ahmedabadcity.gov.in/}}
| blank1_info_sec2        = $7513 or ₹6.1 lakh<ref name="Gujarat_gdp"/>
| official_name      = Amdavad
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Gross domestic product|Metropolis GDP/Nominal]]
| module             = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| demographics_type1      = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1      = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| demographics1_title2    = Additional&nbsp;official
| demographics1_info2      = [[English language|English]]
| website                  = {{URL|ahmedabadcity.gov.in/}}
| official_name            = Amdavad
| module                   = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child        = yes
| child        = yes
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (v)}}(ii), (v)
| criteria      = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (v)}}(ii), (v)
Line 104: Line 103:
| buffer_zone  = {{convert|395|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone  = {{convert|395|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}
}}
}}
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=Q4696129|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining Ahmedabad}}
}}
}}


'''Ahmedabad''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|m|ə|d|ə|b|æ|d|,_|-|b|ɑː|d}} {{respell|AH|mə|də|ba(h)d}}; [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: '''Amdavad''' {{IPA-gu|ˈəmdɑːʋɑːd||amdavad.ogg}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/Ahmadabad/report-is-it-ahmadabad-or-amdavad-no-one-knows-for-sure-1668305|title=Is it Ahmadabad or Amdavad? No one knows for sure|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|date=28 March 2012|first=Jitendra|last=Dave|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120245/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-is-it-ahmedabad-or-amdavad-no-one-knows-for-sure-1668305|url-status=live}}</ref>) is the most populous city in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]]. It is the administrative headquarters of the [[Ahmedabad district]] and the seat of the [[Gujarat High Court]]. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585   (per the 2011 population census) makes it the [[List of most populous cities in India|fifth-most populous city]] in India,<ref>India's most populated citys https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/india</ref> and the encompassing [[urban agglomeration]] population estimated at 6,357,693 is the [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|seventh-most populous]] in India. Ahmedabad is located near the banks of the [[Sabarmati River]],<ref name="citypop India aggs"/> {{convert|25|km|abbr=on|mi}}<ref name="citypop world aggs"/> from the capital of Gujarat, [[Gandhinagar]], also known as its twin city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oneindiaonepeople.com/ahmadabad-gandhinagar-a-tale-of-twin-cities/|title=Ahmadabad & Gandhinagar a tale of twin cities|date=1 December 2015|website=One India One People}}{{dead link|date=April 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
'''Ahmedabad''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑː|m|ə|d|ə|b|æ|d|,_|-|b|ɑː|d}} {{respell|AH|mə|də|ba(h)d}}; [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]: '''Amdavad''' {{IPA-gu|ˈəmdɑːʋɑːd||amdavad.ogg}}<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/Ahmadabad/report-is-it-ahmadabad-or-amdavad-no-one-knows-for-sure-1668305|title=Is it Ahmadabad or Amdavad? No one knows for sure|newspaper=[[DNA India]]|date=28 March 2012|first=Jitendra|last=Dave|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120245/https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-is-it-ahmedabad-or-amdavad-no-one-knows-for-sure-1668305|url-status=live}}</ref>) is the most populous city in the [[India]]n [[States and union territories of India|state]] of [[Gujarat]]. It is the administrative headquarters of the [[Ahmedabad district]] and the seat of the [[Gujarat High Court]]. Ahmedabad's population of 5,570,585 (per the 2011 population census) makes it the [[List of most populous cities in India|fifth-most populous city]] in India,<ref>India's most populated citys https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/cities/india</ref> and the encompassing [[urban agglomeration]] population estimated at 6,357,693 is the [[List of million-plus agglomerations in India|fifth-most populous]] in India. Ahmedabad is located near the banks of the [[Sabarmati River]],<ref name="citypop India aggs"/> {{convert|25|km|abbr=on|mi}}<ref name="citypop world aggs"/> from the capital of Gujarat, [[Gandhinagar]], also known as its twin city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oneindiaonepeople.com/ahmedabad-gandhinagar-a-tale-of-twin-cities/|title=Ahmadabad & Gandhinagar a tale of twin cities|date=1 December 2015|website=One India One People}}</ref>


Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India, due to which it was known as the '[[Manchester]] of India' along with [[Kanpur]]. Ahmedabad's [[Ahmedabad Stock Exchange|stock exchange]] (before it was shut down in 2018) was the country's second oldest. [[Cricket]] is a popular sport in Ahmedabad; a newly built stadium, called [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], at Motera can accommodate 132,000 spectators, making it the [[List of stadiums by capacity|largest stadium in the world]]. The world-class [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave]] is currently under construction and once complete, it will be one of the biggest sports centers (Sports City) in India. The effects of the [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalisation of the Indian economy]] have energised the city's economy towards [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] activities such as commerce, communication and construction.<ref name="jnnurm">{{cite web
Ahmedabad has emerged as an important economic and industrial hub in India. It is the second-largest producer of cotton in India, due to which it was known as the '[[Manchester]] of India' along with [[Kanpur]]. Ahmedabad's [[Ahmedabad Stock Exchange|stock exchange]] (before it was shut down in 2018) was the country's second oldest. [[Cricket]] is a popular sport in Ahmedabad; a newly built stadium, called [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], at Motera can accommodate 132,000 spectators, making it the [[List of stadiums by capacity|largest stadium in the world]]. The world-class [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Sports Enclave]] is currently under construction and once complete, it will be one of the biggest sports centers (Sports City) in India. The effects of the [[Economic liberalisation in India|liberalisation of the Indian economy]] have energised the city's economy towards [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] activities such as commerce, communication and construction.<ref name="jnnurm">{{cite web
Line 121: Line 121:
}}</ref> Ahmedabad's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries, resulting in the development of skyscrapers.<ref name="Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots">{{Cite news|url=http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |title=Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2002 |access-date=30 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103080350/http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref>
}}</ref> Ahmedabad's increasing population has resulted in an increase in the construction and housing industries, resulting in the development of skyscrapers.<ref name="Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots">{{Cite news|url=http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |title=Ahmadabad joins ITES hot spots |work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2002 |access-date=30 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103080350/http://infotech.indiatimes.com/articleshow/19249001.cms |archive-date=3 January 2009}}</ref>


In 2010, Ahmedabad was ranked third in ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}}s list of fastest growing cities of the decade.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html| title=In pictures—The Next Decade's fastest growing cities| work=[[Forbes]]| access-date=10 July 2010| first=Joel| last=Kotkin| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014101651/http://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html| archive-date=14 October 2010| df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[The Times of India]]'' chose Ahmedabad as India's best city to live in.<ref name="best city to in which to live in India">{{cite news |title=Ahmedabad best city to live in, Pune close second |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212180503/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata |archive-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad metro was estimated at $80 billion in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chakravorty|first=Abhimanyu|date=13 April 2016|title=From Gurgaon to Gurugram: 20 cities that changed their names|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-new-name-gurugram-indian-cities-renamed/|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430050426/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-new-name-gurugram-indian-cities-renamed/|archive-date=30 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/top-10-richest-cities-in-india-2021-552132.html?picid=2181885|title=Richest Cities Of India|website=IndiaTimes.com|date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021|archive-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> In 2020, Ahmedabad was ranked as the third-best city in India to live by the Ease of Living Index.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmedabad rated as third best city to live in, moves up by 20 spots in a year|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/article/ahmedabad-rated-as-third-best-city-to-live-in-moves-up-by-20-spots-in-a-year/728623|access-date=20 June 2021|website=www.timesnownews.com}}</ref> In July 2022, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine included Ahmedabad in its list of world's 50 greatest places of 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Ahmedabad, India: World's Greatest Places 2022 |url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194590/ahmedabad-india/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>
In 2010, Ahmedabad was ranked third in ''[[Forbes]]''{{'}}s list of fastest growing cities of the decade.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html| title=In pictures—The Next Decade's fastest growing cities| work=[[Forbes]]| access-date=10 July 2010| first=Joel| last=Kotkin| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014101651/http://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin_slide_4.html| archive-date=14 October 2010| df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2012, ''[[The Times of India]]'' chose Ahmedabad as India's best city to live in.<ref name="best city to in which to live in India">{{cite news |title=Ahmedabad best city to live in, Pune close second |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata |work=The Times of India |access-date=11 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212180503/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-12-11/india/30504461_1_cities-ahmedabad-kolkata |archive-date=12 December 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The gross domestic product of Ahmedabad metro was estimated at $80 billion in 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chakravorty|first=Abhimanyu|date=13 April 2016|title=From Gurgaon to Gurugram: 20 cities that changed their names|work=The Indian Express|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-new-name-gurugram-indian-cities-renamed/|url-status=live|access-date=29 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430050426/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/gurgaon-new-name-gurugram-indian-cities-renamed/|archive-date=30 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/social-relevance/top-10-richest-cities-in-india-2021-552132.html?picid=2181885|title=Richest Cities Of India|website=IndiaTimes.com|date=22 October 2021 |access-date=22 October 2021|archive-date=22 October 2021}}</ref> In 2020, Ahmedabad was ranked as the third-best city in India to live by the Ease of Living Index.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ahmedabad rated as third best city to live in, moves up by 20 spots in a year|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/ahmedabad/article/ahmedabad-rated-as-third-best-city-to-live-in-moves-up-by-20-spots-in-a-year/728623|access-date=20 June 2021|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=5 March 2021 }}</ref> In July 2022, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine included Ahmedabad in its list of world's 50 greatest places of 2022.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Ahmedabad, India: World's Greatest Places 2022 |url=https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194590/ahmedabad-india/ |access-date=13 July 2022 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]}}</ref>


Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under the [[Government of India]]{{'}}s flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = Government releases list of 20 smart cities|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|website = The Times of India| date=28 January 2016 |access-date = 6 February 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202024057/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|archive-date = 2 February 2016|df = dmy-all}}</ref> In July 2017, the [[Historic City of Ahmadabad|historic city of Ahmedabad]], or Old Ahmedabad, was declared a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage City]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms|title=600-year-old smart city gets World Heritage tag|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710094740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms |archive-date=10 July 2017}}</ref> The city is home to the [[Swaminarayan Temple, Ahmedabad|world's first Swaminarayan Mandir]], located in Kalupur area of Old Ahmedabad.
Ahmedabad has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a [[smart city]] under the [[Government of India]]{{'}}s flagship [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = Government releases list of 20 smart cities|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|website = The Times of India| date=28 January 2016 |access-date = 6 February 2016|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160202024057/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Government-releases-list-of-20-smart-cities/articleshow/50756701.cms|archive-date = 2 February 2016|df = dmy-all}}</ref> In July 2017, the [[Historic City of Ahmadabad|historic city of Ahmedabad]], or Old Ahmedabad, was declared a [[World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage City]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms|title=600-year-old smart city gets World Heritage tag|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710094740/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/600-year-old-smart-city-gets-world-heritage-tag/articleshow/59510439.cms |archive-date=10 July 2017}}</ref>
 
== Etymology ==
{{main|History of Ahmedabad}}
The name "Ahmedabad" is derived from the name of Sultan [[Ahmad Shah I|Ahmed Shah]], who founded the city in the year 1411 AD. The original name of the city was "[[Ashaval]]," which was a small settlement located on the banks of the Sabarmati river.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad History |url=https://ahmedabadcity.gov.in/portal/jsp/history.jsf}}</ref>
 
According to local legends, Sultan Ahmed Shah was out on a hunting expedition when he came across a rabbit that was brave enough to turn and face his hunting dogs. Impressed by the courage of the rabbit, Sultan Ahmed Shah decided to build a new city on the spot and named it "Ahmedabad" after himself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ahmedabad |url=https://gujaratindia.gov.in/about-gujarat/history/ahmedabad.htm}}</ref>
 
Over the years, Ahmedabad grew into a prosperous city, becoming an important center for trade and commerce. Today, it is one of the largest [[cities in India]] and is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its  monuments, museums, and festivals.<ref>{{Cite book|first= Jane|last= Turner|title=The Dictionary of Art|publisher=Grove|volume=1|isbn=978-1-884446-00-9|page=471|year=1996}}</ref> At that time, [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]], the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] (Solanki) ruler of Anhilwara (modern [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]), waged a successful war against the [[Bhil]] king of Ashaval,<ref>{{Cite book| first=George| last=Michell|author2=Snehal Shah| author3-link=John Burton-Page|author3= John Burton-Page |author4=Mehta, Dinesh|title=Ahmadabad|publisher=Marg Publications|date=28 July 2006|isbn=81-85026-03-3|pages=17–19}}</ref> and established a city called ''Karnavati'' on the banks of the Sabarmati.<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India Through the Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/173 173]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
{{Main|History of Ahmedabad}}
{{Main|History of Ahmedabad}}
The area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as ''[[Ashaval]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|first= Jane|last= Turner|title=The Dictionary of Art|publisher=Grove|volume=1|isbn=978-1-884446-00-9|page=471|year=1996}}</ref> At that time, [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]], the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] (Solanki) ruler of Anhilwara (modern [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]), waged a successful war against the [[Bhil]] king of Ashaval,<ref>{{Cite book| first=George| last=Michell|author2=Snehal Shah| author3-link=John Burton-Page|author3= John Burton-Page |author4=Mehta, Dinesh|title=Ahmadabad|publisher=Marg Publications|date=28 July 2006|isbn=81-85026-03-3|pages=17–19}}</ref> and established a city called ''[[Karnavati]]'' on the banks of the Sabarmati.<ref name=Madan>{{cite book|title=India Through the Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page=[https://archive.org/details/indiathroughages00mada/page/173 173]|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India}}</ref> Solanki rule lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the [[Vaghela dynasty]] of [[Dholka]]. Gujarat subsequently came under the control of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in the 14th century. However, by the earlier 15th century, the local Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar established his independence from the Delhi Sultanate and crowned himself [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]] as [[Muzaffar Shah I]], thereby founding the [[Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat|Muzaffarid dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wink|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&q=gujarat+sultanate+tank+khatri&pg=PA143|title=Indo-Islamic Society: 14th - 15th Centuries|date=1990|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-13561-1|pages=143|quote=Zafar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of a ''low subdivision called Tank''{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}, originally from Southern Punjab.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-praise-of-kings/355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482|title=In Praise of Kings: Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15331-8|location=Cambridge|pages=120|quote=Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of Muzaffar Shah's ancestors having once been Hindus "Tanks" a branch of Khatris who trace their dynasty from the solar god.}}</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |pages=114–115}}</ref> In 1411, this area came under the control of his grandson, Sultan [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]], who selected the forested area along the banks of the Sabarmati river for a new capital city. He laid the foundation of a new walled city near Karnavati and named it Ahmedabad after himself.<ref name="baba">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035148/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Baba Maneknath's kin keep alive 600-yr old tradition |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 October 2010 |access-date=21 February 2013 |author=More, Anuj}}</ref><ref>This ambiguity is similar to the case of [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] naming his new capital "[[Saint Petersburg]]", referring officially to [[Saint Peter]] but in fact also to himself.</ref> According to other versions, he named the city after four Muslim saints in the area who all had the name Ahmed.<ref name="AMC History">{{cite web|title=History of Ahmedabad |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx |publisher=Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, egovamc.com |access-date=14 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx |archive-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ahmed Shah I laid the foundation of the city on 26 February 1411<ref name="Pandya 2010">{{cite web | last=Pandya | first=Yatin | title=In Ahmedabad, history is still alive as tradition | website=dna | date=14 November 2010 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396 | access-date=26 February 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804080254/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396 | archive-date=4 August 2016 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> (at 1.20&nbsp;pm, Thursday, the second day of [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], [[Hijri year]] 813<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx|title=History|website=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=27 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx|archive-date=23 February 2016|quote=Jilkad is anglicized name of the month [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], Hijri year not mentioned but derived from date converter}}</ref>) at [[Manek Burj]]. Manek Burj is named after the legendary 15th-century Hindu saint, [[Maneknath]], who intervened to help [[Ahmed Shah I]] build [[Bhadra Fort]] in 1411.<ref name="baba" /><ref name="igg">{{cite book |title=India Guide Gujarat |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |pages=93–94 |isbn=9780978951702 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93 |editor=Desai, Anjali H. |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120319/https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mnk">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411040432/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Flags changed at city's foundation by Manek Nath baba's descendants |work=The Times of India |date=7 October 2011 |agency=TNN |access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="tam">{{cite news |url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=News%20-%20A%201000%20Salutes&sectid=68&contentid=2010022620100226182744376d3de031 |title=Multi-layered expansion |work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=26 February 2010 |agency=AM |access-date=21 February 2013 |author=Ruturaj Jadav and Mehul Jani |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207235844/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article |archive-date=7 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
The area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as ''[[Ashaval]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|first= Jane|last= Turner|title=The Dictionary of Art|publisher=Grove|volume=1|isbn=978-1-884446-00-9|page=471|year=1996}}</ref> At that time, [[Karna (Chaulukya dynasty)|Karna]], the [[Chaulukya dynasty|Chaulukya]] (Solanki) ruler of Anhilwara (modern [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]]), waged a successful war against the [[Bhil]] king of Ashaval,<ref>{{Cite book| first=George| last=Michell|author2=Snehal Shah| author3-link=John Burton-Page|author3= John Burton-Page |author4=Mehta, Dinesh|title=Ahmadabad|publisher=Marg Publications|date=28 July 2006|isbn=81-85026-03-3|pages=17–19}}</ref> and established a city called ''[[Karnavati]]'' on the banks of the Sabarmati.<ref name=Madan/> Solanki rule lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the [[Vaghela dynasty]] of [[Dholka]]. Gujarat subsequently came under the control of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in the 14th century. However, by the earlier 15th century, the local Muslim governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar established his independence from the Delhi Sultanate and crowned himself [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]] as [[Muzaffar Shah I]], thereby founding the [[Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat|Muzaffarid dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wink|first=André|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyYslywJUE8C&q=gujarat+sultanate+tank+khatri&pg=PA143|title=Indo-Islamic Society: 14th - 15th Centuries|date=1990|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-13561-1|pages=143|quote=Zafar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of a ''low subdivision called Tank'', originally from Southern Punjab.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Kapadia|first=Aparna|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/in-praise-of-kings/355C797BE6B102214BF1C4A043450482|title=In Praise of Kings: Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-15331-8|location=Cambridge|pages=120|quote=Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of Muzaffar Shah's ancestors having once been Hindus "Tanks" a branch of Khatris who trace their dynasty from the solar god.}}</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-93-80607-34-4 |pages=114–115}}</ref> In 1411, this area came under the control of his grandson, Sultan [[Ahmed Shah of Gujarat|Ahmed Shah]], who selected the forested area along the banks of the Sabarmati river for a new capital city. He laid the foundation of a new walled city near Karnavati and named it Ahmedabad after himself.<ref name="baba">{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411035148/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/baba-maneknath-s-kin-keep-alive-600yr-old-tradition/698967 |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Baba Maneknath's kin keep alive 600-yr old tradition |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=18 October 2010 |access-date=21 February 2013 |author=More, Anuj}}</ref><ref>This ambiguity is similar to the case of [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] naming his new capital "[[Saint Petersburg]]", referring officially to [[Saint Peter]] but in fact also to himself.</ref> According to other versions, he named the city after four Muslim saints in the area who all had the name Ahmed.<ref name="AMC History">{{cite web|title=History of Ahmedabad |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx |publisher=Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, egovamc.com |access-date=14 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx |archive-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> Ahmed Shah I laid the foundation of the city on 26 February 1411<ref name="Pandya 2010">{{cite web | last=Pandya | first=Yatin | title=In Ahmedabad, history is still alive as tradition | website=dna | date=14 November 2010 | url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396 | access-date=26 February 2016 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804080254/http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-in-ahmedabad-history-is-still-alive-as-tradition-1466396 | archive-date=4 August 2016 | df=dmy-all}}</ref> (at 1.20&nbsp;pm, Thursday, the second day of [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], [[Hijri year]] 813<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx|title=History|website=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]]|access-date=27 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160223012426/http://egovamc.com/AhmCity/history.aspx|archive-date=23 February 2016|quote=Jilkad is anglicized name of the month [[Dhu al-Qi'dah]], Hijri year not mentioned but derived from date converter}}</ref>) at [[Manek Burj]]. Manek Burj is named after the legendary 15th-century Hindu saint, [[Maneknath]], who intervened to help [[Ahmed Shah I]] build [[Bhadra Fort]] in 1411.<ref name="baba" /><ref name="igg">{{cite book |title=India Guide Gujarat |publisher=India Guide Publications |year=2007 |pages=93–94 |isbn=9780978951702 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93 |editor=Desai, Anjali H. |access-date=10 April 2021 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120319/https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&q=manek+chowk+ahmedabad&pg=PA93 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mnk">{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411040432/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-07/ahmedabad/30257006_1_flag-foundation-stone-puja |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Flags changed at city's foundation by Manek Nath baba's descendants |work=The Times of India |date=7 October 2011 |agency=TNN |access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref><ref name="tam">{{cite news |url=http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article&sectname=News%20-%20A%201000%20Salutes&sectid=68&contentid=2010022620100226182744376d3de031 |title=Multi-layered expansion |work=[[Ahmedabad Mirror]] |date=26 February 2010 |agency=AM |access-date=21 February 2013 |author=Ruturaj Jadav and Mehul Jani |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091207235844/http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/index.aspx?page=article |archive-date=7 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
He chose it as the new capital on 4 March 1411.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/|title=02/26/2015: Divya Bhaskar e-Paper, ahmedabad, e-Paper, ahmedabad e Paper, e Newspaper ahmedabad, ahmedabad e Paper, ahmedabad ePaper |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621050319/http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/ |archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>
He chose it as the new capital on 4 March 1411.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/|title=02/26/2015: Divya Bhaskar e-Paper, ahmedabad, e-Paper, ahmedabad e Paper, e Newspaper ahmedabad, ahmedabad e Paper, ahmedabad ePaper |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621050319/http://epaper.divyabhaskar.co.in/ahmedabad/12/26022015/0/1/ |archive-date=21 June 2015}}</ref>
Chandan and Rajesh Nath, 13th generation descendants of Saint Maneknath, perform ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' and hoist the flag on Manek Burj on Ahmedabad's foundation day and for the [[Vijayadashami]] festival every year.<ref name="baba"/><ref name="mnk"/><ref name="India 2015">{{cite web |first=Lakshmi |last=Ajay |title=Ahmedabad city turns 604 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 February 2015 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/ |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120321/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/ |url-status=live}}</ref><!--ref name="TimesPub11"/--><ref name="dnax2011">{{cite news |title=Manek Burj's sorry state fails to move AMC |publisher=DNA |date=19 April 2012 |url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM53975 |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
Chandan and Rajesh Nath, 13th generation descendants of Saint Maneknath, perform ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'' and hoist the flag on Manek Burj on Ahmedabad's foundation day and for the [[Vijayadashami]] festival every year.<ref name="baba"/><ref name="mnk"/><ref name="India 2015">{{cite web |first=Lakshmi |last=Ajay |title=Ahmedabad city turns 604 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=27 February 2015 |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/ |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=2 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120321/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/ahmedabad-city-turns-604/ |url-status=live}}</ref><!--ref name="TimesPub11"/--><ref name="dnax2011">{{cite news |title=Manek Burj's sorry state fails to move AMC |publisher=DNA |date=19 April 2012 |url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNAHM53975 |access-date=7 January 2015}}</ref>
[[File:City Walls of Ahmedabad 1866.jpg|thumb|City Walls of Ahmedabad, 1866|200x200px]]
[[File:City Walls of Ahmedabad 1866.jpg|thumb|City Walls of Ahmedabad, 1866|200x200px]]
In 1487, [[Mahmud Begada]], the grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} in circumference and consisting of [[Gates of Ahmedabad|twelve gates]], 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements.<ref>{{Cite book|first=G|last=Kuppuram|title=India Through the Ages: History, Art, Culture, and Religion|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|isbn=978-81-85067-08-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6,000+battlements.|access-date=26 July 2008|page=739|year=1988|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120304/https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6%2C000+battlements.|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1535 [[Humayun]] briefly occupied Ahmedabad after capturing [[Champaner]] when the ruler of Gujarat, [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], fled to [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mughal Throne|first=Abraham|last=Eraly|page=47|publisher=Orion Publishing|isbn=978-0-7538-1758-2|year=2004}}</ref> Ahmedabad was then reoccupied by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573 when Gujarat was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]]. During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the Empire's thriving centres of trade, mainly in textiles, which were exported as far as Europe. The Mughal ruler [[Shahjahan]] spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the [[Moti Shahi Mahal]] in [[Shahibaug]]. The [[Deccan Famine of 1630–32]] affected the city, as did famines in 1650 and 1686.<ref>{{cite book|first= Satpal|last= Sangwan|title=Land Use – Historical Perspectives: Focus on Indo-Gangetic Plains|date=2002|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-274-2|page=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpXmQb0gv0C&q=deccan+famine+affected+ahmedabad&pg=PA151|author2=Y. P. Abrol |author3=Mithilesh K. Tiwari}}</ref> Ahmedabad remained the provincial headquarters of the Mughals until 1758, when they surrendered the city to the [[Maratha]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Prakash|first=Om|title=Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd|year=2003|pages=282–284|isbn=81-261-0938-6|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ3lI4LANVcC&q=ahmedabad+mughal+rule+ended+maratha&pg=PA283 |access-date=26 July 2008}}</ref>
In 1487, [[Mahmud Begada]], the grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} in circumference and consisting of [[Gates of Ahmedabad|twelve gates]], 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements.<ref>{{Cite book|first=G|last=Kuppuram|title=India Through the Ages: History, Art, Culture, and Religion|publisher=Sundeep Prakashan|isbn=978-81-85067-08-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6,000+battlements.|access-date=26 July 2008|page=739|year=1988|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120304/https://books.google.com/books?id=AvggAAAAMAAJ&q=ahmedabad+189+bastions+and+over+6%2C000+battlements.|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1535 [[Humayun]] briefly occupied Ahmedabad after capturing [[Champaner]] when the ruler of Gujarat, [[Bahadur Shah of Gujarat|Bahadur Shah]], fled to [[Diu, India|Diu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Mughal Throne|first=Abraham|last=Eraly|page=47|publisher=Orion Publishing|isbn=978-0-7538-1758-2|year=2004}}</ref> Ahmedabad was then reoccupied by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573 when Gujarat was conquered by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Akbar]]. During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the Empire's thriving centres of trade, mainly in textiles, which were exported as far as Europe. The Mughal ruler [[Shahjahan]] spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the [[Moti Shahi Mahal]] in [[Shahibaug]]. The [[Deccan Famine of 1630–32]] affected the city, as did famines in 1650 and 1686.<ref>{{cite book|first= Satpal|last= Sangwan|title=Land Use – Historical Perspectives: Focus on Indo-Gangetic Plains|date=2002|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-7764-274-2|page=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNpXmQb0gv0C&q=deccan+famine+affected+ahmedabad&pg=PA151|author2=Y. P. Abrol |author3=Mithilesh K. Tiwari}}</ref> Ahmedabad remained the provincial headquarters of the Mughals until 1758, when they surrendered the city to the [[Maratha]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Prakash|first=Om|title=Encyclopaedic History of Indian Freedom Movement|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd|year=2003|pages=282–284|isbn=81-261-0938-6}}</ref>


During the period of [[Maratha Empire]] governance, the city became the centre of a conflict between the [[Peshwa]] of [[Poona]] and the [[Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda]].<ref name="GNHistory">{{Cite book|last=Kalia|first=Ravi|title=Gandhinagar: Building National Identity in Postcolonial India|publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press|year=2004|chapter=The Politics of Site|isbn=1-57003-544-X|pages=30–59|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RVhNO2MwOCAC&q=Gaekwad++mughal+ahmedabad&pg=PA39 |access-date=26 July 2008}}</ref> In 1780, during the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]], a British force under [[James Hartley (Indian Army officer)|James Hartley]] stormed and captured Ahmedabad, but it was handed back to the Marathas at the end of the war. The [[British East India Company]] took over the city in 1818 during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name="AMC History" /> A military cantonment was established in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858.<ref name="AMC History" /> Incorporated into the [[Bombay Presidency]] during [[British Raj|British rule]], Ahmedabad became one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. In 1864, a railway link between Ahmedabad and [[Mumbai]] (then Bombay) was established by the [[Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway]] (BB&CI), enabling traffic and trade between [[North India|northern]] and [[South India|southern India]] via the city.<ref name="AMC History" /> Over time, the city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname "[[Manchester]] of the East".<ref name="BordenFraser2014">{{cite book|author1=Iain Borden|author2=Murray Fraser|author3-link=Barbara Penner|author3=Barbara Penner|title=Forty Ways to Think About Architecture: Architectural History and Theory Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|date=11 August 2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-82261-6|page=252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>
During the period of [[Maratha Empire]] governance, the city became the centre of a conflict between the [[Peshwa]] of [[Poona]] and the [[Gaekwad]] of [[Baroda]].<ref name="GNHistory">{{Cite book|last=Kalia|first=Ravi|title=Gandhinagar: Building National Identity in Postcolonial India|publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press|year=2004|chapter=The Politics of Site|isbn=1-57003-544-X|pages=30–59|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=RVhNO2MwOCAC&q=Gaekwad++mughal+ahmedabad&pg=PA39 |access-date=26 July 2008}}</ref> In 1780, during the [[First Anglo-Maratha War]], a British force under [[James Hartley (Indian Army officer)|James Hartley]] stormed and captured Ahmedabad, but it was handed back to the Marathas at the end of the war. The [[British East India Company]] took over the city in 1818 during the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name="AMC History" /> A military cantonment was established in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858.<ref name="AMC History" /> Incorporated into the [[Bombay Presidency]] during [[British Raj|British rule]], Ahmedabad became one of the most important cities in the Gujarat region. In 1864, a railway link between Ahmedabad and [[Mumbai]] (then Bombay) was established by the [[Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway]] (BB&CI), enabling traffic and trade between [[North India|northern]] and [[South India|southern India]] via the city.<ref name="AMC History" /> Over time, the city established itself as the home of a developing textile industry, which earned it the nickname "[[Manchester]] of the East".<ref name="BordenFraser2014">{{cite book|author1=Iain Borden|author2=Murray Fraser|author3-link=Barbara Penner|author3=Barbara Penner|title=Forty Ways to Think About Architecture: Architectural History and Theory Today|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|date=11 August 2014|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-82261-6|page=252|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017072518/https://books.google.com/books?id=55o3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA252|archive-date=17 October 2015}}</ref>
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The [[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]], a series of seventeen bomb blasts, killed and injured several people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |title=17 bomb blasts rock Ahmedabad, 15 dead |date=26 July 2008 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628002847/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |archive-date=28 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Militant group [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami|Harkat-ul-Jihad]] claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/27/india-blasts-toll-up-to-37/|title=India blasts toll up to 37|date=27 July 2008|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=27 July 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080802233922/http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/27/india-blasts-toll-up-to-37/ |archive-date = 2 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[2008 Ahmedabad bombings]], a series of seventeen bomb blasts, killed and injured several people.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |title=17 bomb blasts rock Ahmedabad, 15 dead |date=26 July 2008 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=26 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628002847/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/index.html |archive-date=28 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Militant group [[Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami|Harkat-ul-Jihad]] claimed responsibility for the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/27/india-blasts-toll-up-to-37/|title=India blasts toll up to 37|date=27 July 2008|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=27 July 2008|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080802233922/http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2008/07/27/india-blasts-toll-up-to-37/ |archive-date = 2 August 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Other than New Delhi, Ahmedabad is a rare city in India to have hosted premiers of major economies like the US, China and Canada. On 24 February 2020, President Trump became the first president of the US to visit the city as part of [[Namaste Trump]]. Earlier, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau visited the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Langa|first=Mahesh|date=23 February 2020|title=Ahmedabad glitters to welcome Donald Trump|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-glitters-to-welcome-trump/article30897043.ece|access-date=16 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406235848/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-glitters-to-welcome-trump/article30897043.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=17 September 2014|title=Chinese President Xi Jinping arrives in Ahmedabad|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/chinese-president-xi-jinping-arrives-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/42711720.cms?from=mdr|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Justin Trudeau visits IIM A, says empowering women is the smart thing to do|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/justin-trudeau-visits-iim-a-says-empowering-women-is-the-smart-thing-to-do/articleshow/62984055.cms|date=19 February 2018|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430192708/http://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/justin-trudeau-visits-iim-a-says-empowering-women-is-the-smart-thing-to-do/articleshow/62984055.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
Other than New Delhi, Ahmedabad is a rare city in India to have hosted premiers of major economies like the US, China and Canada. On 24 February 2020, President Trump became the first president of the US to visit the city as part of [[Namaste Trump]]. Earlier, [[Xi Jinping|President Xi Jinping]] and Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] visited the city.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Langa|first=Mahesh|date=23 February 2020|title=Ahmedabad glitters to welcome Donald Trump|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-glitters-to-welcome-trump/article30897043.ece|access-date=16 May 2020|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=6 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406235848/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-glitters-to-welcome-trump/article30897043.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=17 September 2014|title=Chinese President Xi Jinping arrives in Ahmedabad|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/chinese-president-xi-jinping-arrives-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/42711720.cms?from=mdr|access-date=16 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Justin Trudeau visits IIM A, says empowering women is the smart thing to do|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/justin-trudeau-visits-iim-a-says-empowering-women-is-the-smart-thing-to-do/articleshow/62984055.cms|date=19 February 2018|website=Ahmedabad Mirror|access-date=16 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430192708/http://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/ahmedabad/others/justin-trudeau-visits-iim-a-says-empowering-women-is-the-smart-thing-to-do/articleshow/62984055.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
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==== Informal housing and slums ====
==== Informal housing and slums ====
As of 2011, about 66% of the population lives in formal housing. The other 34% lives in slums or ''chawls'', which are tenements for industrial workers. There are approximately 700 slum settlements in Ahmedabad, and 11% of the total housing stock is public housing. The population of Ahmedabad has increased while the housing stock has remained generally constant, and this has led to a rise in density of both formal and informal housing and a more economical usage of existing space. The Indian census estimates that the Ahmedabad slum population was 25.6% of the total population in 1991 and had decreased to 4.5% in 2011, but these numbers are contested and local entities maintain that the census underestimates informal populations. There is a consensus that there has been a reduction in the percentage of the population that lives in slum settlements, and that there has also been a general improvement in living conditions for slum residents.<ref name=":0" />
As of 2011, about 66% of the population lives in formal housing, with the other 34% living in slums or ''chawls'', which are tenements for industrial workers. There are approximately 700 slum settlements in Ahmedabad, and 11% of the total housing stock is public housing. The population of Ahmedabad has increased while the housing stock has remained generally constant, and this has led to a rise in density of both formal and informal housing and a more economical usage of existing space. The Indian census estimates that the Ahmedabad slum population was 25.6% of the total population in 1991 and had decreased to 4.5% in 2011, but these numbers are contested and local entities maintain that the census underestimates informal populations. There is a consensus that there has been a reduction in the percentage of the population that lives in slum settlements, and that there has also been a general improvement in living conditions for slum residents.<ref name=":0" />


==== Slum Networking Project ====
==== Slum Networking Project ====
In the 1990s, the AMC faced increased slum populations. They found that residents were willing and able to pay for legal connections to water, sewage, and electricity, but because of tenure issues, they were paying higher prices for low-quality, informal connections. To address this, beginning in 1995, the AMC partnered with civil society organizations to create the Slum Networking Project (SNP) to improve basic services in 60 slums, benefitting approximately 13,000 households.<ref name=":0" /> This project, also known as ''Parivartan (Change)'', involved [[participatory planning]] in which slum residents were partners alongside AMC, private institutions, microfinance lenders, and local NGOs. The goal of the program was to provide both physical infrastructure (including water supply, sewers, individual toilets, paved roads, storm drainage, and tree planting) and community development (i.e. the formation of resident associations, women's groups, community health interventions, and vocational training).<ref name=":1">World Bank. 2007. ''[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change The Slum Networking Project in Ahmedabad: partnering for change (English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092702/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change |date=29 April 2018}}''. Water and Sanitation Program case study. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change</ref> In addition, participating households were granted a minimum de facto tenure of ten years. The project cost a total of {{INR}}4,350 million. Community members and the private sector each contributed {{INR}}600 million, NGOs provided {{INR}}90 million, and the AMC paid for the rest of the project.<ref name=":1" /> Each slum household was responsible for no more than 12% of the cost of upgrading their home.<ref name=":0" />
In the 1990s, the AMC faced increased slum populations. They found that residents were willing and able to pay for legal connections to water, sewage, and electricity, but because of tenure issues, they were paying higher prices for low-quality, informal connections. To address this, beginning in 1995, the AMC partnered with civil society organizations to create the Slum Networking Project (SNP) to improve basic services in 60 slums, benefitting approximately 13,000 households.<ref name=":0" /> This project, also known as ''Parivartan (Change)'', involved [[participatory planning]] in which slum residents were partners alongside [[Amdavad Municipal Corporation|AMC]], private institutions, microfinance lenders, and local NGOs. The goal of the program was to provide both physical infrastructure (including water supply, sewers, individual toilets, paved roads, storm drainage, and tree planting) and community development (i.e. the formation of resident associations, women's groups, community health interventions, and vocational training).<ref name=":1">World Bank. 2007. ''[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change The Slum Networking Project in Ahmedabad: partnering for change (English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092702/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change |date=29 April 2018}}''. Water and Sanitation Program case study. Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/353971468259772248/The-Slum-Networking-Project-in-Ahmedabad-partnering-for-change</ref> In addition, participating households were granted a minimum de facto tenure of ten years. The project cost a total of {{INR}}4,350 million. Community members and the private sector each contributed {{INR}}600 million, NGOs provided {{INR}}90 million, and the AMC paid for the rest of the project.<ref name=":1" /> Each slum household was responsible for no more than 12% of the cost of upgrading their home.<ref name=":0" />


This project has generally been regarded as a success. Having access to basic services increased the residents' working hours, since most work out of their homes. It also reduced the incidence of illness, particularly water-borne illness, and increased children's rates of school attendance.<ref>SEWA Academy (2002) ''Parivartan and its impact: A Partnership Programme of Infrastructure Development in Slums of Ahmedabad City''. SEWA Monograph. Ahmedabad: Self Employed Women's Association.</ref> The SNP received the 2006 UNHABITAT Dubai International Award for Best Practice to Improve the Living Environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=10305&catid=46&typeid=73|title=Dubai International Award for Best Practices Winners {{!}} Ahmedabad Slum Networking Programme|website=mirror.unhabitat.org|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425214638/http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=10305&catid=46&typeid=73|archive-date=25 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, concerns remain about the community's responsibility and capacity for the maintenance of the new infrastructure. Additionally, trust was weakened when the AMC demolished two of slums that were upgraded as part of SNP to create recreational parks.<ref name=":0" />
This project has generally been regarded as a success. Having access to basic services increased the residents' working hours, since most work out of their homes. It also reduced the incidence of illness, particularly water-borne illness, and increased children's rates of school attendance.<ref>SEWA Academy (2002) ''Parivartan and its impact: A Partnership Programme of Infrastructure Development in Slums of Ahmedabad City''. SEWA Monograph. Ahmedabad: Self Employed Women's Association.</ref> The SNP received the 2006 [[UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award|UNHABITAT]] Dubai International Award for Best Practice to Improve the Living Environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=10305&catid=46&typeid=73|title=Dubai International Award for Best Practices Winners {{!}} Ahmedabad Slum Networking Programme|website=mirror.unhabitat.org|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150425214638/http://mirror.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=10305&catid=46&typeid=73|archive-date=25 April 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> However, concerns remain about the community's responsibility and capacity for the maintenance of the new infrastructure. Additionally, trust was weakened when the AMC demolished two of slums that were upgraded as part of SNP to create recreational parks.<ref name=":0" />


=== Religion and ethnicity ===
=== Religion and ethnicity ===
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}}
}}


According to the 2011 census, [[Hindus]] are the predominant religious community in the city comprising 81.56% of the population followed by [[Muslims]] (13.51%), [[Jains]] (3.62%), Christians (0.85%) and [[Sikhs]] (0.24%).<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Buddhists]], people following other religions and those who didn't state any religion make up the remainder.
According to the 2011 census, [[Hindus]] are the predominant religious community in the city comprising 81.56% of the population followed by [[Muslims]] (13.51%), [[Jains]] (3.62%), Christians (0.85%) and [[Sikhs]] (0.24%).<ref name="census2011">{{cite web|title=Population by religion community – 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=Census of India, 2011|publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS|archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref> [[Buddhists]], people following other religions and those who did not state any religion make up the remainder.
* Its (Marian) cathedral of [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel]] is the episcopal see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad]] ([[Latin Rite]]; established 1949), a [[suffragan]] of the Metropolitan of Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |title=Mount Carmel Cathedral |access-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020132/http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |archive-date=1 February 2018}} GCatholic, with Google satellite picture and links</ref>
* Its (Marian) cathedral of [[Our Lady of Mount Carmel]] is the episcopal see of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ahmedabad]] ([[Latin Rite]]; established 1949), a [[suffragan]] of the Metropolitan of Gandhinagar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |title=Mount Carmel Cathedral |access-date=31 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201020132/http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/3736.htm |archive-date=1 February 2018}} GCatholic, with Google satellite picture and links</ref>
* Most of the residents of Ahmedabad are native [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]]. The city is home to some 2000 [[Parsi people|Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrians]]) and some 125 members of the [[Bene Israel]] [[Jewish]] community.<ref>[http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll "Jews of Ahmedabad, India, welcome Torah scroll"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915035600/http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll |date=15 September 2012}} ''Jewish Journal''. 13 September 2012. 13 September 2012.</ref> There is also one synagogue in the city. [[Atheism]] is also on the rise in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web
* Most of the residents of Ahmedabad are native [[Gujarati people|Gujaratis]]. The city is home to some 2000 [[Parsi people|Parsis]] ([[Zoroastrians]]),<ref name="High ageing rate, health problems worry Parsi community">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-22/ahmedabad/27229948_1_parsi-community-ageing-population|title=High ageing rate, health problems worry Parsi community|date=22 October 2001|access-date=1 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811034220/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-22/ahmedabad/27229948_1_parsi-community-ageing-population|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref> and some 125 members of the [[Bene Israel]] [[Jewish]] community.<ref>[http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll "Jews of Ahmedabad, India, welcome Torah scroll"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915035600/http://www.jewishjournal.com/religion/article/jews_of_ahmedabad_india_welcome_torah_scroll |date=15 September 2012}} ''Jewish Journal''. 13 September 2012. 13 September 2012.</ref> There is also one synagogue in the city.<ref>{{cite web  |publisher  = Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs |title      = The Last Jews in India and Burma
  |publisher  = Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs
  |url        = http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl101.htm |first      = Nathan |last        = Katz |author2    = Ellen S. Goldberg |access-date  = 27 April 2006 |url-status    = live |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902031415/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl101.htm |archive-date = 2 September 2006 |df          = dmy-all}}</ref>
|title      = The Last Jews in India and Burma
  |url        = http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl101.htm
|first      = Nathan
|last        = Katz
|author2    = Ellen S. Goldberg
|access-date  = 27 April 2006
|url-status    = live
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20060902031415/http://www.jcpa.org/jl/jl101.htm
|archive-date = 2 September 2006
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name="High ageing rate, health problems worry Parsi community">{{Cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-22/ahmedabad/27229948_1_parsi-community-ageing-population|title=High ageing rate, health problems worry Parsi community|date=22 October 2001|access-date=1 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811034220/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-22/ahmedabad/27229948_1_parsi-community-ageing-population|archive-date=11 August 2011|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
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[[File:Cloth map of ahmedabad.jpg|thumb|19th-century painted cloth map of Ahmedabad|252x252px]]
[[File:Cloth map of ahmedabad.jpg|thumb|19th-century painted cloth map of Ahmedabad|252x252px]]


Ahmedabad lies at {{Coord|23.03|N|72.58|E|}} in [[western India]] at 53&nbsp;metres (174&nbsp;ft) above sea level on the banks of the [[Sabarmati]] river, in north-central Gujarat. It covers an area of {{convert|505|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name='Municipal Extensions'/><ref name='Municipalities have extension in Gujarat'/><ref name='AMC Expands'/><ref name="AMC">{{cite web|title=Amdavad city |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |work=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |access-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627122123/http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> The Sabarmati frequently dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water, and the city is in a sandy and dry area. However, with the execution of the [[Sabarmati Riverfront|Sabarmati River Front]] Project and Embankment, the waters from the [[Narmada River|Narmada]] river have been diverted to the Sabarmati to keep the river flowing throughout the year, thereby eliminating Ahmedabad's water problems. The steady expansion of the [[Rann of Kutch]] threatened to increase desertification around the city area and much of the state; however, the Narmada Canal network is expected to alleviate this problem. Except for the small hills of [[Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra]], the city is almost flat. Three lakes lie within the city's limits—[[Kankaria]], [[Vastrapur Lake|Vastrapur]] and Chandola. Kankaria, in the neighbourhood of [[Maninagar]], is an artificial lake developed by the Sultan of Gujarat, Qutb-ud-din, in 1451.<ref name="kankaria">{{Cite book|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers|publisher=Directorate of Govt, Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|year=1984 |page=46}}</ref>
Ahmedabad lies at {{Coord|23.03|N|72.58|E|}} in [[western India]] at 53&nbsp;metres (174&nbsp;ft) above sea level on the banks of the [[Sabarmati]] river, in north-central Gujarat. It covers an area of {{convert|505|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name='Municipal Extensions'>{{cite news|title=Expansion of Municipal Corporations|website=The Times of India |date=19 June 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=18 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818194323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-municipal-limits-of-six-cities-expanded/articleshow/76459795.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='Municipalities have extension in Gujarat'>{{cite web|title=Municipalities have extension in Gujarat|url=https://www.gnsnews.co.in/municipal-corporation-limits-of-5-cities-including-gandhinagar-extended/|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920101249/https://www.gnsnews.co.in/municipal-corporation-limits-of-5-cities-including-gandhinagar-extended/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name='AMC Expands'>{{cite web|title=AMC Expansion|date=8 September 2020|url=https://citizenmatters.in/ahmedabad-municipal-corporation-expansion-real-estate-calls-shots-21022|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116144630/https://citizenmatters.in/ahmedabad-municipal-corporation-expansion-real-estate-calls-shots-21022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AMC">{{cite web|title=Amdavad city |url=http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |work=[[Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation]] |access-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627122123/http://www.egovamc.com/AhmCity/introduction_Eng.aspx |archive-date=27 June 2013}}</ref> The Sabarmati frequently dried up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water, and the city is in a sandy and dry area. However, with the execution of the [[Sabarmati Riverfront|Sabarmati River Front]] Project and Embankment, the waters from the [[Narmada River|Narmada]] river have been diverted to the Sabarmati to keep the river flowing throughout the year, thereby eliminating Ahmedabad's water problems. The steady expansion of the [[Rann of Kutch]] threatened to increase desertification around the city area and much of the state; however, the Narmada Canal network is expected to alleviate this problem. Except for the small hills of [[Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra]], the city is almost flat. Three lakes lie within the city's limits—[[Kankaria]], [[Vastrapur Lake|Vastrapur]] and Chandola. Kankaria, in the neighbourhood of [[Maninagar]], is an artificial lake developed by the Sultan of Gujarat, Qutb-ud-din, in 1451.<ref name="kankaria">{{Cite book|title=Gujarat State Gazetteers|publisher=Directorate of Govt, Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State|year=1984 |page=46}}</ref>


According to the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], the town falls under [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone 3]], in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).<ref name="hazardprofile">{{cite web |url=http://www.caee.uottawa.ca/India.pdf |title=Performance of buildings during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake|access-date=3 August 2008 |work=Jag Mohan Humar, David Lau, and Jean-Robert Pierre|publisher=The Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070710000016/http://www.caee.uottawa.ca/India.pdf |archive-date = 10 July 2007}}</ref>
According to the [[Bureau of Indian Standards]], the town falls under [[Earthquake hazard zoning of India|seismic zone 3]], in a scale of 2 to 5 (in order of increasing vulnerability to earthquakes).<ref name="hazardprofile">{{cite web |url=http://www.caee.uottawa.ca/India.pdf |title=Performance of buildings during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake|access-date=3 August 2008 |work=Jag Mohan Humar, David Lau, and Jean-Robert Pierre|publisher=The Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070710000016/http://www.caee.uottawa.ca/India.pdf |archive-date = 10 July 2007}}</ref>
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{{wide image|Ahmedabad Panorama 1.jpg|800px|There are nine bridges on the river Sabarmati that connect the eastern and western regions.|align-cap=center}}
{{wide image|Ahmedabad Panorama 1.jpg|800px|There are nine bridges on the river Sabarmati that connect the eastern and western regions.|align-cap=center}}


Sabarmati Riverfront is a waterfront being developed along the banks of the Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad, India. Proposed in the 1960s, its construction began in 2005, opened in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabarmati River Front Time line |url=https://sabarmatiriverfront.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/History-copy.JPG}}</ref>
[[Sabarmati Riverfront]] is a waterfront being developed along the banks of the Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad, India. Proposed in the 1960s, its construction began in 2005, opened in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sabarmati River Front Time line |url=https://sabarmatiriverfront.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/History-copy.JPG}}</ref>


=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
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| metric first = Y
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| single line = Y
| location = Ahmedabad (1991–2020)
| location = Ahmedabad (1991–2020 normals)
| Jan record high C = 36.1
| Jan record high C = 36.1
| Feb record high C = 40.6
| Feb record high C = 40.6
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| Dec record high C = 35.6
| Dec record high C = 35.6
| year record high C = 48.0
| year record high C = 48.0
| Jan high C = 28.1
| Jan high C = 27.9
| Feb high C = 30.8
| Feb high C = 31.0
| Mar high C = 35.8
| Mar high C = 35.8
| Apr high C = 39.6
| Apr high C = 39.7
| May high C = 41.6
| May high C = 41.8
| Jun high C = 38.8
| Jun high C = 39.0
| Jul high C = 33.6
| Jul high C = 33.7
| Aug high C = 32.0
| Aug high C = 32.3
| Sep high C = 33.8
| Sep high C = 33.6
| Oct high C = 35.7
| Oct high C = 35.6
| Nov high C = 32.9
| Nov high C = 33.1
| Dec high C = 29.5
| Dec high C = 29.5
| year high C =  
| year high C = 34.4
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Jan mean C = 20.2
| Feb mean C = 22.5
| Feb mean C = 22.5
Line 305: Line 302:
| year mean C =  
| year mean C =  
| Jan low C = 12.4
| Jan low C = 12.4
| Feb low C = 14.3
| Feb low C = 14.6
| Mar low C = 19.5
| Mar low C = 19.6
| Apr low C = 23.9
| Apr low C = 24.2
| May low C = 27.0
| May low C = 27.3
| Jun low C = 27.5
| Jun low C = 27.7
| Jul low C = 25.9
| Jul low C = 26.1
| Aug low C = 25.0
| Aug low C = 25.3
| Sep low C = 24.7
| Sep low C = 24.9
| Oct low C = 21.4
| Oct low C = 21.8
| Nov low C = 16.7
| Nov low C = 17.2
| Dec low C = 13.4
| Dec low C = 13.6
| year low C =  
| year low C = 21.2
| Jan record low C = 3.3
| Jan record low C = 3.3
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Feb record low C = 2.2
Line 330: Line 327:
| Dec record low C = 3.6
| Dec record low C = 3.6
| year record low C =  
| year record low C =  
| rain colour = green
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 1.2
| Jan precipitation mm = 1.2
| Feb rain mm = 0.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 0.6
| Mar rain mm = 1.1
| Mar precipitation mm = 1.1
| Apr rain mm = 2.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 2.5
| May rain mm = 5.5
| May precipitation mm = 5.5
| Jun rain mm = 84.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 84.3
| Jul rain mm = 310.1
| Jul precipitation mm = 310.1
| Aug rain mm = 242.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 242.2
| Sep rain mm = 120.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 120.2
| Oct rain mm = 13.1
| Oct precipitation mm = 13.1
| Nov rain mm = 1.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 1.9
| Dec rain mm = 0.9
| Dec precipitation mm = 0.9
| year rain mm = 783.6
| year precipitation mm = 783.6
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Jan rain days = 0.2
| Feb rain days = 0.1
| Feb rain days = 0.1
Line 356: Line 353:
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Nov rain days = 0.3
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| Dec rain days = 0.1
| year rain days = 34.0
| year rain days = 33.9
| Jan humidity = 49
| Jan humidity = 35
| Feb humidity = 43
| Feb humidity = 26
| Mar humidity = 37
| Mar humidity = 21
| Apr humidity = 41
| Apr humidity = 20
| May humidity = 47
| May humidity = 25
| Jun humidity = 62
| Jun humidity = 44
| Jul humidity = 77
| Jul humidity = 69
| Aug humidity = 81
| Aug humidity = 72
| Sep humidity = 71
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 53
| Oct humidity = 43
| Nov humidity = 48
| Nov humidity = 39
| Dec humidity = 50
| Dec humidity = 38
| year humidity = 55
| year humidity = 41
| Jan dew point C = 9
| Jan dew point C = 9
| Feb dew point C = 10
| Feb dew point C = 10
Line 437: Line 434:
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42647
| url = https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/extremes_1991_2020/?stn=42647
| title = Climatological Information - Ahmedabad (42647)
| title = Climatological Information - Ahmedabad (42647)
| publisher = India Meterological Department
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 8 August 2022}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
| access-date = 8 August 2022}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/ahmadabad/climate
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/ahmadabad/climate
Line 443: Line 440:
|publisher = Time and Date
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 18 July 2022}}</ref>
|access-date = 18 July 2022}}</ref>
| source 2 = NOAA (sun and humidity 1971–1990),<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| source 2 = NOAA (sun 1971–1990),<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42647.TXT
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/IN/42647.TXT
| title = Ahmedabad Climate Normals 1971–1990
| title = Ahmedabad Climate Normals 1971–1990
Line 460: Line 457:
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Ahmedabad, India
| title = Climate and monthly weather forecast Ahmedabad, India
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| publisher = Weather Atlas
| access-date = 12 June 2022
| access-date = 12 June 2022}}
}}</ref>
</ref> <ref name=IMDcityextremes2>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230101061732/https://www.imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| archive-date = 1 January 2023
| title = Climatological Tables 1991-2020
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| access-date = 1 January 2023
| page = 21}}</ref>
 
| source =  
| source =  
}}}}
}}}}
Line 481: Line 487:


<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="134">
File:Mosque of Sidi Sayed Jaali.JPG|[[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]]
File:Sidi-Saiyyed-Jaali-Ahmedabad.jpg|[[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]]
File:Mosque of Sidi Sayed Jaali.JPG|A marble screen from the exterior of the Sidi Saiyyed Mosque
File:Jama Masjid Ahmedabad heritage.jpg|[[Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad]]
File:Jama Masjid Ahmedabad heritage.jpg|[[Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad]]
File:Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg|Hutheesing Jain Derasar main entrance
File:Pole 44.jpg|[[Pol (housing)|Pol]] area of [[Old Ahmedabad]]
File:Pole 44.jpg|[[Pol (housing)|Pol]] area of [[Old Ahmedabad]]
File:Sabarmati riverside.jpg|[[Sabarmati Riverfront]]
File:Sabarmati riverside.jpg|[[Sabarmati Riverfront]]
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=== Public services ===
=== Public services ===
* Health services are primarily provided at [[Ahmedabad civil hospital]], the largest civil hospital in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Manas|last=Dasgupta|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds|title=Civil Hospital planned as world's biggest hospital|date=25 September 2008|access-date=24 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075703/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds|archive-date=2 September 2012|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>  
* Health services are primarily provided at [[Ahmedabad civil hospital]], the largest civil hospital in Asia.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Manas|last=Dasgupta|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds|title=Civil Hospital planned as world's biggest hospital|date=25 September 2008|access-date=24 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120902075703/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-09-25/ahmedabad/27916381_1_biggest-hospital-civil-hospital-beds|archive-date=2 September 2012|work=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>  
* Electricity in the city is generated and distributed by [[Torrent Power]] Limited, owned and operated by the Ahmedabad Electricity Company, which was previously a state-run corporation.<ref name="torrent">{{cite web|url=http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm |title=Group Companies—The Ahmedabad Electricity Company Limited |publisher=Torrent Group |access-date=21 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092555/http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm |archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref>Ahmedabad is one of the few cities in India where the power sector is privatised.<ref name="Vedavalli2007">{{cite book|first=Rangaswamy|last=Vedavalli|title=Energy for Development: Twenty-first Century Challenges of Reform and Liberalization in Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215|access-date=11 August 2012|date=13 March 2007|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-223-9|pages=215–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611234344/http://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215|archive-date=11 June 2013}}</ref>
* Electricity in the city is generated and distributed by [[Torrent Power]] Limited, owned and operated by the Ahmedabad Electricity Company, which was previously a state-run corporation.<ref name="torrent">{{cite web|url=http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm |title=Group Companies—The Ahmedabad Electricity Company Limited |publisher=Torrent Group |access-date=21 May 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123092555/http://www.torrentlimited.com/aec.htm |archive-date=23 January 2010}}</ref> Ahmedabad is one of the few cities in India where the power sector is privatised.<ref name="Vedavalli2007">{{cite book|first=Rangaswamy|last=Vedavalli|title=Energy for Development: Twenty-first Century Challenges of Reform and Liberalization in Developing Countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215|access-date=11 August 2012|date=13 March 2007|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-223-9|pages=215–|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611234344/http://books.google.com/books?id=zeIRJAF5QtsC&pg=PA215|archive-date=11 June 2013}}</ref>


== Culture ==
== Culture ==
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[[File:Navratri Garba.jpg|thumb|[[Navaratri]] celebrations in Ahmedabad|200x200px]]
[[File:Navratri Garba.jpg|thumb|[[Navaratri]] celebrations in Ahmedabad|200x200px]]


Ahmedabad observes a range of festivals. Celebrations and observances include [[Uttarayana|Uttarayan]], an annual kite-flying day on 14 and 15 January. Nine nights of [[Navratri]] are celebrated with people performing [[Garba (dance)|Garba]], the most popular folk dance of Gujarat, at venues across the city. The festival of lights, [[Diwali|Deepavali]], is celebrated with the lighting of lamps in every house, decorating the floors with [[rangoli]], and the lighting of [[firecracker]]s. The annual [[Rath Yatra]] procession on the ''Ashadh-sud-bij'' date of the [[Hindu calendar]] at the [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Jagannath Temple]], the festival of colours [[Holi]], celebrated on the last full moon day in the end of the winter and based on the lunisolar Hindu calendar, and the procession of ''Tajia'' during the Muslim holy month of [[Muharram]] are important events.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad all set for Tazias|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-all-set-for-tazias_1622170|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=6 December 2011|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120758/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-ahmedabad-all-set-for-tazias-1622170|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ahmedabad gets ready for colourful tazias|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-gets-ready-for-colourful-tazias_1328248|access-date=24 February 2012|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=28 December 2009|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630163749/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_ahmedabad-gets-ready-for-colourful-tazias_1328248|archive-date=30 June 2012}}</ref>
Ahmedabad observes a range of festivals. Celebrations and observances include [[Uttarayana|Uttarayan]], an annual kite-flying day on 14 and 15 January. Nine nights of [[Navratri]] are celebrated with people performing [[Garba (dance)|Garba]], the most popular folk dance of Gujarat, at venues across the city. The annual [[Rath Yatra]] procession on the ''Ashadh-sud-bij'' date of the [[Hindu calendar]] at the [[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Jagannath Temple]]. Festivals like Diwali, Holi, Christmas and Muharram (pan India festivals) are also celebrated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-13 |title=Lacklustre Uttarayan for kite sellers due to demand slump |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/lacklustre-uttarayan-for-kite-sellers-due-to-demand-slump-8380687/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-20 |title=Festive fervour high as people gear up for Navratri celebrations |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/india-news/festive-fervour-high-as-people-gear-up-for-navratri-celebrations-8162810/ |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


One of the most popular dishes in Ahmedabad is a Gujarati ''[[thali]]'', which was first served commercially by Chandvilas Hotel in 1900.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Charmaine|title=The Penguin Food Guide to India|date=2013|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-575-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120721/https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290|url-status=live}}</ref> It consists of [[roti]] (Chapati), [[dal]], rice and {{transliteration|gu|shaak}} (cooked vegetables, sometimes with [[curry]]), with accompaniments of [[Indian pickle|pickles]] and roasted ''[[papad]]s''. Sweet dishes include [[laddu|laddoo]], [[mango]], and {{transliteration|gu|italic=no|vedhmi}}. ''Dhoklas'', {{transliteration|gu|theplas}} and {{transliteration|gu|dhebras}} are also very popular dishes in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Tarla|title=The Complete Gujarati Cookbook|date=2003|publisher=Sanjay & Co.|isbn=81-86469-45-1|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtEgtCJVucC&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA4|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120719/https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtEgtCJVucC&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA4|url-status=live}}</ref> Beverages include [[buttermilk]] and tea. Drinking alcohol is forbidden in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/were-beneficiaries-of-reverse-colonialism-boris/articleshow/60092530.cms|title=We're beneficiaries of reverse colonialism: Boris|date=17 August 2017|author=Naomi Canton|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824223606/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Were-beneficiaries-of-reverse-colonialism-Boris/articleshow/60092530.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>
One of the most popular dishes in Ahmedabad is a Gujarati ''[[thali]]'', which was first served commercially by Chandvilas Hotel in 1900.<ref>{{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Charmaine|title=The Penguin Food Guide to India|date=2013|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5118-575-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120721/https://books.google.com/books?id=BGhBAgAAQBAJ&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PT290|url-status=live}}</ref> It consists of [[roti]] (Chapati), [[dal]], rice and {{transliteration|gu|shaak}} (cooked vegetables, sometimes with [[curry]]), with accompaniments of [[Indian pickle|pickles]] and roasted ''[[papad]]s''. Sweet dishes include [[laddu|laddoo]], [[mango]], and {{transliteration|gu|italic=no|vedhmi}}. ''Dhoklas'', {{transliteration|gu|theplas}} and {{transliteration|gu|dhebras}} are also very popular dishes in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dalal|first=Tarla|title=The Complete Gujarati Cookbook|date=2003|publisher=Sanjay & Co.|isbn=81-86469-45-1|page=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtEgtCJVucC&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA4|access-date=24 October 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502120719/https://books.google.com/books?id=QXtEgtCJVucC&q=gujarati+thali+is+popular+in+ahmedabad&pg=PA4|url-status=live}}</ref> Beverages include [[buttermilk]] and tea. Drinking alcohol is forbidden in Ahmedabad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/were-beneficiaries-of-reverse-colonialism-boris/articleshow/60092530.cms|title=We're beneficiaries of reverse colonialism: Boris|date=17 August 2017|author=Naomi Canton|work=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824223606/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Were-beneficiaries-of-reverse-colonialism-Boris/articleshow/60092530.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>
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Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of [[Gujarati literature]]: [[Gujarat Vidhya Sabha]], [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] and [[Gujarat Sahitya Sabha]]. [[Saptak School of Music]] festival is held in the first week of the new year. This event was inaugurated by [[Ravi Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule of Virasat&nbsp;— virasatfestival.org |url=http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events'13.pdf |publisher=virasatfestival.org |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212054005/http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events%2713.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saptak Music Festival|url=http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212750/http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>
Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of [[Gujarati literature]]: [[Gujarat Vidhya Sabha]], [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]] and [[Gujarat Sahitya Sabha]]. [[Saptak School of Music]] festival is held in the first week of the new year. This event was inaugurated by [[Ravi Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Schedule of Virasat&nbsp;— virasatfestival.org |url=http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events'13.pdf |publisher=virasatfestival.org |access-date=27 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212054005/http://www.virasatfestival.org/Schedule%20of%20Events%2713.pdf |archive-date=12 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Saptak Music Festival|url=http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|access-date=27 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212750/http://kadmusarts.com/festivals/4072.html|archive-date=27 May 2014}}</ref>


The [[Sanskar Kendra]], one of the several buildings in Ahmedabad designed by [[Le Corbusier]], is a city museum depicting its history, art, culture and architecture. The [[Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya]] and the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial]] have permanent displays of photographs, documents and other articles relating to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Sardar Patel]]. The [[Calico Museum of Textiles]] has a large collection of Indian and international fabrics, garments and textiles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calicomuseum.com/ |title=The Calico Museum of Textiles |publisher=Calicomuseum.com |access-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601220001/http://calicomuseum.com/ |archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library]] has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]].{{citation needed |date=December 2015}} There is the Vechaar Utensils Museum which has stainless steel, glass, brass, copper, bronze, zinc and German silver tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16|title=Vechaar Utensils Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043906/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vechaar.com|title=Vechaar ~ Utensils Museum Vishalla Environmental Center for Heritage of Art Architecture and Research|last=Kaushalam|website=vechaar.com|access-date=18 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916004054/http://vechaar.com/|archive-date=16 September 2017}}</ref> The [[Conflictorium]] is an interactive installation space that explores conflict in society through art.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}
The [[Sanskar Kendra]], one of the several buildings in Ahmedabad designed by [[Le Corbusier]], is a city museum depicting its history, art, culture and architecture. The [[Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya]] and the [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial]] have permanent displays of photographs, documents and other articles relating to [[Mahatma Gandhi]] and [[Sardar Patel]]. The [[Calico Museum of Textiles]] has a large collection of Indian and international fabrics, garments and textiles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.calicomuseum.com/ |title=The Calico Museum of Textiles |publisher=Calicomuseum.com |access-date=8 July 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601220001/http://calicomuseum.com/ |archive-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> The [[Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library]] has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]].{{citation needed |date=December 2015}} There is the Vechaar Utensils Museum which has stainless steel, glass, brass, copper, bronze, zinc and German silver tools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16|title=Vechaar Utensils Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043906/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/16|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vechaar.com|title=Vechaar ~ Utensils Museum Vishalla Environmental Center for Heritage of Art Architecture and Research|last=Kaushalam|website=vechaar.com|access-date=18 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916004054/http://vechaar.com/|archive-date=16 September 2017}}</ref> The [[Conflictorium]] is an interactive installation space that explores conflict in society through art.  


Shreyas Foundation has four museums on the same campus. Shreyas Folk Museum (Lokayatan Museum) has art forms and artefacts from the communities of [[Gujarat]]. [[List of children's museums in India|Kalpana Mangaldas Children's Museum]] has a collection of toys, puppets, dance and drama costumes, coins and a repository of recorded music from traditional shows from all over the world. Kahani houses photographs of fairs and festivals of [[Gujarat]]. Sangeeta Vadyakhand is a gallery of musical instruments from India and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|title=Shreyas Folk Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043427/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |title=Shreyas Foundation |publisher=Shreyasfoundation.in |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105065734/http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |archive-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |title=Lokayatan Folk Museum |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165705/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>
Shreyas Foundation has four museums on the same campus. Shreyas Folk Museum (Lokayatan Museum) has art forms and artefacts from the communities of [[Gujarat]]. [[List of children's museums in India|Kalpana Mangaldas Children's Museum]] has a collection of toys, puppets, dance and drama costumes, coins and a repository of recorded music from traditional shows from all over the world. Kahani houses photographs of fairs and festivals of [[Gujarat]]. Sangeeta Vadyakhand is a gallery of musical instruments from India and other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|title=Shreyas Folk Museum|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121043427/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/21|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |title=Shreyas Foundation |publisher=Shreyasfoundation.in |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105065734/http://www.shreyasfoundation.in/museums.html |archive-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |title=Lokayatan Folk Museum |access-date=20 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121165705/https://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/ahmedabad-amdavad/attractions/lokayatan-folk-museum/a/poi-sig/478392/356239 |archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>
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L D Institute of Indology houses 76,000 hand-written Jain manuscripts with 500 illustrated versions and 45,000 printed books, making it the largest collection of Jain scripts, Indian sculptures, terracottas, miniature paintings, cloth paintings, painted scrolls, bronzes, woodwork, Indian coins, textiles and decorative art, paintings of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and art of Nepal and Tibet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|title=L D Museum of Indology|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121045514/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> N C Mehta Gallery of Miniature Paintings has a collection of ornate miniature paintings and manuscripts from all over India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|title=N C Mehta Gallery|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042244/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>
L D Institute of Indology houses 76,000 hand-written Jain manuscripts with 500 illustrated versions and 45,000 printed books, making it the largest collection of Jain scripts, Indian sculptures, terracottas, miniature paintings, cloth paintings, painted scrolls, bronzes, woodwork, Indian coins, textiles and decorative art, paintings of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and art of Nepal and Tibet.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|title=L D Museum of Indology|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121045514/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/19|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> N C Mehta Gallery of Miniature Paintings has a collection of ornate miniature paintings and manuscripts from all over India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|title=N C Mehta Gallery|access-date=20 November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042244/http://www.gujarattourism.com/destination/details/9/20|archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref>


In 1949 [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]] was established by the scientist [[Dr. Vikram Sarabhai]] and [[Bharat Natyam]] dancer [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], and thus Ahmemedabad city became the centre of [[Indian classical dance]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-21 |title=Dancer, patron of the arts Mrinalini Sarabhai: Her feet are footsteps in Ahmedabad's history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/dancer-patron-of-the-arts-mrinalini-sarabhai-her-feet-are-footsteps-in-ahmedabads-history/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
In 1949 [[Darpana Academy of Performing Arts]] was established by the scientist [[Dr. Vikram Sarabhai]] and [[Bharat Natyam]] dancer [[Mrinalini Sarabhai]], and thus Ahmedabad city became the centre of [[Indian classical dance]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-21 |title=Dancer, patron of the arts Mrinalini Sarabhai: Her feet are footsteps in Ahmedabad's history |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/dancer-patron-of-the-arts-mrinalini-sarabhai-her-feet-are-footsteps-in-ahmedabads-history/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


== Education ==
== Education ==
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[[File:Ahmedabad DoordarshanTower.jpg|thumb|left|Broadcasting tower of the Ahmedabad Doordarshan|200x200px]]
[[File:Ahmedabad DoordarshanTower.jpg|thumb|left|Broadcasting tower of the Ahmedabad Doordarshan|200x200px]]


Newspapers in Ahmedabad include English dailies such as ''The Times of India'', ''[[Indian Express]]'', ''[[Daily News & Analysis|DNA]]'', ''[[The Economic Times]]'', ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'', ''[[Ahmedabad Mirror]]'' and ''Metro''.<ref name="newspapersss">{{cite web|title=Ahmedabad Newspapers |url=http://www.allyoucanread.com/ahmedabad-newspaper-india/ |publisher=All you can read |access-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602012638/http://www.allyoucanread.com/ahmedabad-newspaper-india/ |archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> Newspapers in other languages include ''[[Divya Bhaskar]]'', ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'', ''[[Sandesh (newspaper)|Sandesh]]'', ''[[Rajasthan Patrika]]'', ''[[Sambhaav]]'', and ''Aankhodekhi''.<ref name=newspapersss /> The city is home to the historic [[Navajivan Trust|Navajivan Publishing House]], which was founded in 1919 by Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi copyright breathes life into Navjivan Trust|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-01/ahmedabad/27179585_1_printing-press-navjivan-trust-gandhiji|access-date=1 June 2012|date=1 October 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501202732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-01/ahmedabad/27179585_1_printing-press-navjivan-trust-gandhiji|archive-date=1 May 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Newspapers in Ahmedabad include English dailies such as ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[Indian Express]]'', ''[[Daily News & Analysis|DNA]]'', ''[[The Economic Times]]'', ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'', ''[[Ahmedabad Mirror]]'' and ''Metro''.<ref name="newspapersss">{{cite web|title=Ahmedabad Newspapers |url=http://www.allyoucanread.com/ahmedabad-newspaper-india/ |publisher=All you can read |access-date=1 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602012638/http://www.allyoucanread.com/ahmedabad-newspaper-india/ |archive-date=2 June 2012}}</ref> Newspapers in other languages include ''[[Divya Bhaskar]]'', ''[[Gujarat Samachar]]'', ''[[Sandesh (newspaper)|Sandesh]]'', ''[[Rajasthan Patrika]]'', ''[[Sambhaav]]'', and ''Aankhodekhi''.<ref name=newspapersss /> The city is home to the historic [[Navajivan Trust|Navajivan Publishing House]], which was founded in 1919 by Mahatma Gandhi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gandhi copyright breathes life into Navjivan Trust|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-01/ahmedabad/27179585_1_printing-press-navjivan-trust-gandhiji|access-date=1 June 2012|date=1 October 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501202732/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-10-01/ahmedabad/27179585_1_printing-press-navjivan-trust-gandhiji|archive-date=1 May 2013|newspaper=The Times of India|url-status=dead}}</ref>


The state-owned [[All India Radio]] Ahmedabad is broadcast both on [[medium wave|medium wave bands]] and FM bands (96.7&nbsp;MHz) in the city.<ref name="Radio">{{cite web |publisher=All India Radio |title=requency Schedule for 30 March 2008 to 26 October 2008 |url=http://www.allindiaradio.org/schedule/freq_wr.html |access-date=23 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518021513/http://allindiaradio.org/schedule/freq_wr.html |archive-date=18 May 2008}}</ref> It competes with five private local FM stations: [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] (91.1&nbsp;MHz), [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]] (93.5&nbsp;MHz), My FM (94.3&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio One (India)|Radio One]] (95.0&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio Mirchi]] (98.3&nbsp;MHz) and Mirchi Love (104&nbsp;MHz). [[Gyan Vani]] (104.5&nbsp;MHz) is an educational FM radio station run under the media co-operation model.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gyan Vani to be expanded|url=http://hindu.com/2001/07/30/stories/14302187.htm|access-date=6 October 2012|date=29 July 2001|location=Chennai, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110234907/http://hindu.com/2001/07/30/stories/14302187.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref> In March 2012, [[Gujarat University]] started a campus radio service on 90.8&nbsp;MHz, which was the first of its kind in the state and the fifth in India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ahmed|first=Syed Khalique|title=GU launches first campus FM radio station in state, fifth in country|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gu-launches-first-campus-fm-radio-station-in-state-fifth-in-country/930856/1|access-date=6 October 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=31 March 2012}}</ref>
The state-owned [[All India Radio]] Ahmedabad is broadcast both on [[medium wave|medium wave bands]] and FM bands (96.7&nbsp;MHz) in the city.<ref name="Radio">{{cite web |publisher=All India Radio |title=requency Schedule for 30 March 2008 to 26 October 2008 |url=http://www.allindiaradio.org/schedule/freq_wr.html |access-date=23 July 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518021513/http://allindiaradio.org/schedule/freq_wr.html |archive-date=18 May 2008}}</ref> It competes with five private local FM stations: [[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] (91.1&nbsp;MHz), [[Red FM 93.5|Red FM]] (93.5&nbsp;MHz), My FM (94.3&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio One (India)|Radio One]] (95.0&nbsp;MHz), [[Radio Mirchi]] (98.3&nbsp;MHz) and Mirchi Love (104&nbsp;MHz). [[Gyan Vani]] (104.5&nbsp;MHz) is an educational FM radio station run under the media co-operation model.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gyan Vani to be expanded|url=http://hindu.com/2001/07/30/stories/14302187.htm|access-date=6 October 2012|date=29 July 2001|location=Chennai, India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110234907/http://hindu.com/2001/07/30/stories/14302187.htm|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=10 November 2012}}</ref> In March 2012, [[Gujarat University]] started a campus radio service on 90.8&nbsp;MHz, which was the first of its kind in the state and the fifth in India.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ahmed|first=Syed Khalique|title=GU launches first campus FM radio station in state, fifth in country|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gu-launches-first-campus-fm-radio-station-in-state-fifth-in-country/930856/1|access-date=6 October 2012|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=31 March 2012}}</ref>
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=== Rail ===
=== Rail ===
Ahmedabad is one of six operating divisions in the [[Western Railway zone]].<ref name="WR Organisation">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wr.indianrail.gov.in/organisation.htm|title=Organisation|publisher=Western Railways|access-date=4 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619140115/http://www.wr.indianrail.gov.in/organisation.htm|archive-date=19 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ahmedabad railway station]], locally known as Kalupur station, is the main terminus to differentiate it from other suburban railway stations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/search/%22list+of+railway+stations+in+ahmedabad%22/@23.0291775,72.6003249,19z | title=railway stations near Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India | publisher=Google Maps | access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> It is the centre point for railway stations in Gujarat and the Western Railway zone, so many lines begin from here, connecting the city to elsewhere in [[Gujarat]] and India. Other main stations are also present, which connect to different cities, such as [[Sabarmati Junction]], {{stnlnk|Maninagar}},
Ahmedabad is one of six operating divisions in the [[Western Railway zone]].<ref name="WR Organisation">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wr.indianrail.gov.in/organisation.htm|title=Organisation|publisher=Western Railways|access-date=4 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619140115/http://www.wr.indianrail.gov.in/organisation.htm|archive-date=19 June 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Ahmedabad railway station]], locally known as [[Kalupur]] station, is the main terminus to differentiate it from other suburban railway stations.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.google.com/maps/search/%22list+of+railway+stations+in+ahmedabad%22/@23.0291775,72.6003249,19z | title=railway stations near Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India | publisher=Google Maps | access-date=26 June 2012}}</ref> It is the centre point for railway stations in Gujarat and the Western Railway zone, so many lines begin from here, connecting the city to elsewhere in [[Gujarat]] and India. Other main stations are also present, which connect to different cities, such as [[Sabarmati Junction]], {{stnlnk|Maninagar}},
{{stnlnk|Gandhigram}},
{{stnlnk|Gandhigram}},
{{stnlnk|Asarva}},
{{stnlnk|Asarva}},
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===Temples===
===Temples===
*[[BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir]] - Shahibaug Road
*[[Hutheesing Jain Temple]] - [[Shahibaug]]
*[[Someshwar Mahadev Temple]] - Ashram Road
*[[Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kalupur]] - [[Kalupur]]
*[[Hutheesing Jain Temple]]
*[[Shree Swaminarayan Mandir Kalupur]] - Kalupur
*Vaishno Devi Mandir - SG Highway
*[[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Shree Jagannath Mandir]] - Jamalpur
*[[Jagannath Temple, Ahmedabad|Shree Jagannath Mandir]] - Jamalpur
*Bhadrakali temple - Teen Darwaja
*[[Camp Hanuman Temple|Camp Hanuman Mandir]] - [[Shahibaug]]
*[[ISKCON Temple|Isckon Temple]] - SG Highway


===Others===
===Others===
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*[[Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary]]
*[[Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary]]
*[[Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park]]
*[[Indroda Dinosaur and Fossil Park]]
*Mercado Ravivar (Gujari)
*[[Atal Pedestrian Bridge]]
 
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Sidi Saiyyed Ni Jali.JPG|Sidi Saiyyed Mosque
File:Mosque of Sidi Sayed Jaali.JPG|The marble screen from the exterior of [[Sidi Saiyyed Mosque]]
File:Hathee-Singh-Jain-Temple-Ahmedabad.jpg|Hutheesing Jain Derasar main entrance
</gallery>


== Notable people ==
== Notable people ==
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*[[Gautam Adani]] (born 1962),  chairman and founder of the [[Adani Group]]
*[[Gautam Adani]] (born 1962),  chairman and founder of the [[Adani Group]]
*[[Ali Sher Bengali]] (died 1570s), Islamic scholar and author
*[[Ali Sher Bengali]] (died 1570s), Islamic scholar and author
*[[M. C. Bhatt]] - Human rights lawyer
*[[Jasprit Bumrah]] (born 1993), cricketer
*[[Jasprit Bumrah]] (born 1993), cricketer
*[[Kishore Chauhan]] - Indian entrepreneur and founder of the electronics company [[Arise India|Arise India Limited]]
*[[Jhinabhai Desai]] - Gujarati poet better known as Snehrashmi, author, educator, political leader and Indian independence activist
*[[Prakash K. Desai]] - Air Marshal of Indian Air Force
*[[Prasannavadan Bhagwanji Desai]] - Indian demographer, economist and independence activist
*[[Drashti Dhami]] - Indian television actress, known for her roles in Hindi TV serials such as Geet - Hui Sabse Parayi and Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon
*[[B. V. Doshi]], architect, Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate
*[[Naresh Kanodia]] - Indian actor and politician, known for his work in Gujarati cinema
*[[Sanjeev Kumar]] - Indian actor, known for his roles in Bollywood films in the 1970s
*[[Shrenik Kasturbhai Lalbhai]] - Indian businessman and philanthropist, known for his contributions to education and research in India.
*[[Jhaverchand Meghani]] - Indian poet, writer and freedom fighter, known for his contributions to Gujarati literature and folk literature of Gujarat
*[[Ketan Mehta]] - Indian film director, known for his work in Bollywood and Gujarati cinema
*[[Sudhir Mehta]] - Indian businessman and chairman of the [[Torrent Group]], a leading Indian pharma and power company
*[[Rohinton Mistry]] - Indian-Canadian novelist and short-story writer
*[[Narhari Parikh]] (born 1891, died 1957), writer, activist, and social reformer
*[[Narhari Parikh]] (born 1891, died 1957), writer, activist, and social reformer
*[[Mallika Sarabhai]] (born 1953), dancer, actor, and activist
*[[Girishbhai Patel]] - Human rights lawyer
*[[Karsanbhai Patel]] - Indian billionaire entrepreneur and founder of [[Nirma]], a consumer goods company that specializes in soaps, detergents, and other household products
*[[Pankaj Patel]] - Indian businessman and former chairman of [[Zydus Lifesciences|Cadila Healthcare]], a leading pharmaceutical company in India
*[[Smita Patil]] - Indian actress, known for her work in Hindi, Marathi and Malayalam films during the 1970s and 1980s.
*[[Falguni Pathak]] - Indian singer and performer, known as the "Queen of Dandiya" for her popular Dandiya and Garba performances during Navratri.
*[[Amrita Pritam]] - Indian writer and poet, known for her Punjabi literature
*[[Mallika Sarabhai]] (born 1953), Indian classical dancer, choreographer, and activist
*[[Vikram Sarabhai]] (born 1919, died 1971), physicist and astronomer
*[[Vikram Sarabhai]] (born 1919, died 1971), physicist and astronomer
*[[Komal Shah (art collector)]], art collector, philanthropist, computer engineer, and businessperson in Silicon Valley<ref name="NYT23">{{Cite news |last=Sheets |first=Hilarie M. |date=2023-03-22 |title=Komal Shah, Champion of Female Artists, Works to Raise Their Profiles |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/22/arts/design/komal-shah-women-artists-art-basel-hong-kong.html |access-date=2023-05-29 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[Naseeruddin Shah]] - Indian actor and director, known for his work in Bollywood and Indian parallel cinema
*[[Ravi Shankar]] - Indian musician and composer, known for his work in Indian classical music and for popularizing the sitar in the West
*[[Hemant Shesh]] - Indian cricketer who played for the Indian national team in the 1960s
*[[Mukul Sinha]] - Human rights lawyer
*[[Manhar Udhas]] - Indian playback singer, known for his work in Hindi, Gujarati and other Indian languages
*[[Jay Shah]] - Current [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] Secretary (administrator)
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->


== International relations ==
== International relations ==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commonscat}}
 
*[http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ Ahmedabad Collectorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155654/http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=21 July 2011 }}
*[http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ Ahmedabad Collectorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721155654/http://collectorahmedabad.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=21 July 2011 }}
*{{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/Gujarat/Localities/Ahmedabad/}}
*{{curlie|Regional/Asia/India/Gujarat/Localities/Ahmedabad/}}
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Ahmadabad Ahmadabad] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Ahmadabad Ahmadabad] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* {{osm|n|245711197}}
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{{Ahmedabad district}}
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