Ananga Ranga: Difference between revisions

The '''''Ananga Ranga''''' ({{lang-hi|अनंगरंग|lit=Stage of Love or Stage of the Bodiless One}}) or '''''Kamaledhiplava''''' ({{lang-hi|link=no|कमलेधिप्लव|lit=Boat in the Sea of Love}}) is an ancient Indian [[Sanskrit]] text written by [[Kalyana malla]] in the 15th or 16th century.<ref name="burtoniana.org">{{cite book|title=Ananga Ranga|author1=Burton Richard F.|author2=Arbuthnot F. F.|publisher=Kama Shastra Society of London and Benares |url=https://burtoniana.org/books/1885-Ananga%20Ranga/1885-AnangaRanga.pdf|page=14|accessdate=2023-06-16}}</ref><ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Studies in Human Sexuality: A Selected Guide|author1=Frayser, S.G.|author2=Whitby, T.J.|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|isbn=9781563081316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZArPH0nFGo0C&pg=PA143|page=143|accessdate=2015-09-13}}</ref> The translators of the manuscript describes the objective <ref name="IGNCA">{{cite book|title=Ananga Ranga|author1=Burton Richard F.|author2=Arbuthnot F. F.|publisher=Medical Press of New York|url=http://ignca.nic.in/Asi_data/42934.pdf|page=11|accessdate=2023-06-16}}</ref> of the manuscript in their book is not to encourage chambering and wantonness, but simply and in all sincerity to prevent the separation of husband and wife.  

== Overview ==

Hence he is freed from further transmigration of souls; and when the tale of his days is duly told, he goeth direct with his wife to the Svarga (heaven)."

  |source = '''''Ananga Ranga'''''

  |width  = 100%

=== Chapter I ===

The chapter I covers four sections describing classes of Women.

==== Section I: Of the Four Orders of Women ====

Passion resides in the woman's right side during the Shuklapksha, the first or light fortnight of the lunar month, from new moon to full, including the fifteenth day. The reverse is the case on the dark fortnight, including its first day, and lasting from the full to the new moon.  

=== Chapter III: Of the Different Kinds of Men and Women===

==== Section I: Men ====

==== Section III: Of Congress ====

{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"  

=== Chapter IV: Description of the General Qualities, Characteristics, Temperaments, Etc., of Women===

====Section I: Qualities attached to the Age====

| Beyond 55 Years|| Vriddhá|| Unfit || Becomes Sick & Infirm || By Flattery

|}

  - In the Indian Society, generally the Women were married during early twenties, and would have given birth to few Children.

=== Chapter V: Characteristics of the Women of Various Lands===

* '''Madhya-desha:'''  the country between the Konkan and the Desha proper, whose chief cities are Puna (<nowiki>[[Pune]]</nowiki>), Nasik and Kolhapur. The woman of the Middle Region has red nails, but her body is still redder. She dresses well and in various sorts of apparel. She is an excellent housekeeper, perfectly broken to manual labour and other works, and much given to religious ceremonies. Though wonderfully fond of, and skillful in, amatory dalliance, she is averse to the tricks of teeth and nails (biting and scratching).

* '''Maru (Malwa):''' The woman from Malwa (now western Madhya Pradesh and Southern Rajasthan) likes to be enjoyed every day and is well fitted for those who prefer the act of congress when long protracted. She is satisfied only by enduring embraces, which she greatly covets and desires, and the paroxysm must sometimes be induced by the touch of the fingers.  

* '''Latá -desha:''' Lar or Larice of the Gassics, the south-eastern Gujarat and northern part of the Dakhan (Deccan), is delicate and handsome. She will dance with joy at the prospect of congress, and during the act, her movements of pleasure are frequent and violent. She is prompt in her embraces, and the venereal orgasm may readily be introduced by gentle insertion, by striking with the hand, and by softly biting her lips.

=== Chapter VI: Useful Medicines===

On useful Medicines, Prayogas (external applications), Prescriptions, Recipes, Remedies, Cosmetics, Charms, Magic, Unguents and Spells.  

[[Kalyana malla]] explains that the most useful drugs and simples, the receipts and prescriptions which have been handed down by learned men for the comfort of the married, and for the benefit of the world.

To induce paroxysmal excitement the manuscript covers two methods in conjunction induce excitement in woman and to delay orgasm in men.  

One of man's chief duties in this life is to learn to withhold himself as much as possible, and, at the same time, to hasten the enjoyment of his partner.

To increase libido, sexual desire, sexual attraction, sexual pleasure, or sexual behavior.

This section describes recipes for cleansing & perfuming the genitals of man and woman, and hair-removal around the house of Smara/Love. One recipe in fact claims that the hair will not grow ever.

This section addresses the abortion, suddenly stopped Menses and Abnormal uterine bleeding.

'''Whitening & Bleaching the Hair:''' at times white colored hairs looks beautiful for certain personalities exhibiting various other characteristics. For bleaching to white color, there is a recipe to achieve it.

'''Renewing the hair of the head:'''

The following, therefore, are valuable '''prescriptions for clearing the skin''':

* '''First Recipe:''' Vekhand (orris-root), elk horn, and coriander-seed be pounded together and applied to the face for three days, the exanthemata which break out upon the skin of young people of both sexes, disappear.

* '''Third recipe:''' Take Lodhra, rock salt, white Shiras (mustard), and Vekhand, knead with water, and rub upon the skin.

=== Chapter VII: Treating of Vashikaran===

'''Vashikarana '''is the art by which man or woman is rendered submissive and obedient to the fascinator, who for that purpose uses certain drugs and charms. And first the magic "Talaka". The translators note that the reader will find this chapter interesting on account of the various abominations which it contains. The underlying idea appears to be that if any secretion of the body, the fouler the better, can be secretly administered to person of either sex, the result is the subjection of the  patient to the adhibitor.  

This chapter describes characteristics, attributes, guna of bridge, bridegroom, and their family/social behavior for considering a suitable match for the marriage.  

====Section I: Characteristics of a Suitable Bride====

The characteristics of woman whom we should take to wife, are as follows.

* She should come from a family of equal rank with that of her husband.

The poet insists that one needs to be learned the marks whereby beauty and good shape of body are distinguished.

* The maiden whose face is soft and pleasing as the moon.

* Whose stomach is small, whilst the umbilical region is drawn in.

* Whose shape below the hips is large whose thighs, being well-proportioned and pleasing as the plantain-tree, make her walk like the elephant, neither too fast nor too slow.

* The woman of inauspicious signs will be, or become an orphan, widow, destitute of brothers and sisters, and without connections, as well as relations, so that her life ends, as it began, in bitterness. Her characteristics, therefore, should be carefully examined before marriage with her is contracted.

* The woman who bears on the sole of her left foot the signs of the Chakra (quoit, peculiar to Vishnu), the Padma (lotus), the Dhvaja (flag), the Chatra (umbrella), the mystical Svastika, and the Kamala, that is circular lines, and not conch-shaped on her fingertips, that woman will be Rani (queen). If, however, one or more of these figures is wanting, she will enjoy all the happiness of a crowned head.

Following are the signs if one observes should consider not suitable:

* The girl who comes from bad family

* Whose body is either very short or very tall, very fat, or very thin.

* Whose skin is ever rough and hard.

* Whose teeth are long or are wholly wanting.

* Whose mouth and lips are wide and projecting, with the lower lip of dark colour, and tremulous when speaking.

* The woman loves man when she is not ashamed of looking at him and of boldly and without fear or deference keeping her eyes fixed upon his.

* When she moves her foot to and from whilst standing up, and draws, as it were, lines upon the ground.

* When she leers, looks obliquely, and casts side-glances.

* When she laughs causelessly at the sight of man.

[[Kalyana malla]] says that the man should be tried and tested as if Gold is tested in four ways.

* Rub with Touchstone (learning)

* By Hammering (actions / achievements)

Following Characteristics should be evaluated in a Man.

* Courage, with endurance if a man attempts any deed, great or small, he should do it with the spirit of lion.

* The man whose eye is red, whose body is fair and of good complexion like gold; whose trunk is fleshy and whose arms reach his knees,3 the same will always remain rich and enjoy grandeur, opulence, lordship, and supremacy.

* The man whose thighs are large, will win great wealth.

==== Section III: Sámudrika-lakshana====

   

Every perfect hand and foot consist of five members, namely the Angushtha (thumb), the Tarjani (forefinger), the Madhyama (middle-finger), the Anamika (ring-finger), and the Kanishthika (little finger).

The following are the places where woman should not be enjoyed. These more appear from religious faith such as places of worship, in front of elderly/guru/powerful men, avoiding public places, roads, highways, near river, in castle, in prison, forest, in relatives/someone else house, cremation ground. Etc.

By day, unless their class and temperament require coition during the light hours. during or at the Sankranti-parvani, that is to say, when the sun or planet passes from one side of the zodiac to another. During the Sharad, or cold season, (October to November.). During the Grishma, or hot season1 (June to July). In the Amavasya (the last, the thirtieth, or the new moon day of the Hindu month), unless the Love-shastra specify the contrary. During the periods when the man's body suffers from fever. During the time of "Vrata," any self-imposed religious observance, with obligation to carry it out. In the evening time, and, when wearied with wayfarer. The consequences of congress at such epochs are as disastrous as if the act took place in prohibited spot.

Choose the largest, and finest, and the airiest room in the house, purify it thoroughly with whitewash, and decorate its spacious and beautiful walls with pictures and other objects upon which the eye may dwell with delight. Place musical instruments, especially the pipe and the lute; with refreshments, as cocoanut, betel-leaf, and milk, useful for retaining and restoring vigour; bottles of rose water and various essences, fans and chauris for cooling the air, and books containing amorous songs, and gladdening the glance with illustrations of love-postures.

* When he/she finds his/her mind wandering, as if he/she were about to lose his/her senses.

* When he/she is ever losing himself/herself

==== Section I: Zodiacal Structure ====

   

The Planet Lords – In Indian astrology, for each zodiac sign, there is a lord defined and the person born under the sign exhibits the characteristics associated with the planet.

| Makara / Capricornus || Shani / Saturn || Warer-Man || Vaishya

|-

|-

| Meena / Pisces || Guru / Jupiter || Jalachar / Aquatic Animal || Brahman

==== Section III Guna / Characteristics Structure ====

[[File:AshtaKoota.png|alt=AshtaKoota Structure|left|thumb|300x300px|AshtaKoota Structure]]

Following are the rules, and exceptions associated with the Ashta-Koota matchmaking.

   

When bridegroom is of a Superior or same varna than the bride, 1 Guna is allotted. The Varna superiority is as follows:

* Brahman (Studious)

- this has nothing to do with the cast based classification of the society.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ Vashya

|}

The Tara matching is done by counting the Nakshatras from each other.

# If on both counting, a beneficial Tara is obtained, full 3 points are given. For one benefic Tara 1 1⁄2 point is given and for both malefic Tara, no point is given.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|}

This is very important because if the Moon rashis and the rashi lords are same or they are friends then there are good chances for a successful marriage between two unknown persons. Table for Natural Friendship of Planets:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|}

===== Gana Koota =====

Following table describes the Guna for Gana Koota:

In Bhakoota matching, Guna are allocated based on the zodiac sign of bride and bridegroom. Bhakoota has 0 and maximum 7 Guna. A high Bhakoota Guna indicates a good match and the helps the couple avoid health, financial, conception related problems.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

* '''Aadi Nadi Dosh: ''' If the couple confronts this Dosha, they shall confront divorce and arguments. There are even possibilities that people might see issues related to children.

* '''Madhya Nadi Dosh:''' With this Dosh, the couple would face mishappenings and divorce. Also, their kid might inherit health issues and make his/her childhood full of ailments.