Rajasthan: Difference between revisions

{{Short description|State in north-western India}}

{{For|the film|Rajasthan (film){{!}}''Rajasthan'' (film)}}

{{other uses}}

| name                           = Rajasthan

| type                           = [[States and union territories of India|State]]

| image_seal                     = File:Emblem Rajasthan.png

| image_map                       = IN-RJ.svg

| map_caption                     = Location of Rajasthan in India

| image_map1                     =  

| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage

| image_caption                   =  

| map_caption1                   =  

| coor_pinpoint                   = [[Jaipur]]

| coordinates                     = {{coord|26.6|73.8|region:IN-RJ_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}}

| coordinates_footnotes           =  

| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type               = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]

| established_date               = 30 March 1949

| established_title               = Established

| parts_type                     = [[List of Indian districts|Districts]]

| parts_style                     = coll

| p1                             = {{bulleted list

| seat                           = [[Jaipur]]

| seat_type                       = [[Capital city|Capital]]

| seat1                           = Jaipur

| seat1_type                     = Largest city

| government_footnotes           =  

| governing_body                 = {{nowrap|[[Government of Rajasthan]]}}

| leader_title                   = [[Governors of Rajasthan|Governor]]

| leader_name                     = [[Kalraj Mishra]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=PTI |title=Kalraj Mishra is new governor of Rajasthan, Arif Mohd Khan gets Kerala {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kalraj-mishra-is-new-governor-of-rajasthan-arif-mohd-khan-gets-kerala/articleshow/70932116.cms |access-date=1 September 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=1 September 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

| leader_title1                   = [[List of Chief Ministers of Rajasthan|Chief Minister]]

| leader_name1                   = [[Ashok Gehlot]] ([[Indian National Congress|INC]])

| leader_title2                   = [[Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|Legislature]]

| leader_name2                   = [[Unicameral]] ([[List of constituencies of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly|200 seats]])

| leader_title3                   = [[14th Lok Sabha|Parliamentary<br />{{pad|0.6em}}constituency]]

| leader_name3                   = [[Rajya Sabha]] ([[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|10 seats]])<br />[[Lok Sabha]] ([[List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha#Rajasthan|25 seats]])

| leader_title4                   = [[High courts of India|High Court]]

| leader_name4                   = [[Rajasthan High Court]]

| unit_pref                       = Metric <!--or US or UK-->

| area_total_km2                 = 342239

| area_rank                       = [[List of states and territories of India by area|1st]]

| area_note                       =  

| area_footnotes                 =  

| elevation_m                     =  

| elevation_footnotes             =  

| population_total               = 68,548,437<!--DON'T CHANGE THESE FIGURES. THESE ARE ACCORDING TO SOURCES OF LATEST CENSUS. ESTIMATES ARE NOT RELIABLE ENOUGH TO BE USED ON STATE ARTICLES-->

| population_rank                 = [[List of states and union territories of India by population|7th]]

| population_density_km2         = auto

| population_as_of               = 2011

| population_note                 =  

| population_footnotes           = <ref name="RjPOP">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND008_Rajasthan.pdf|title=Rajasthan Profile|publisher=[[Census of India]]|access-date=21 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916102940/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/stock/profiles/en/IND008_Rajasthan.pdf|archive-date=16 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1                     = +05:30

| iso_code                       = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-RJ]]

| registration_plate             = [[List of RTO districts in India#RJ—Rajasthan|RJ]]-

| blank_name_sec2                 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2018)}}

| blank_info_sec2                 = {{increase}} 0.629<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|archive-date=23 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{color|#FFA500|medium}} · [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|29th]]

| blank1_name_sec2               = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]] {{nobold|(2011)}}

| blank1_info_sec2               = 66.1%<ref name="pc-census2011">{{cite web |title=Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) |url=http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |website=planningcommission.gov.in |publisher=Planning Commission, Government of India |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

| blank2_name_sec2               = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] {{nobold|(2011)}}

| blank2_info_sec2               = 928 [[females|♀]]/1000 [[males|♂]]<ref name="pc-census2011" />

| population_demonym              = [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]]

| demographics_type1              = GSDP {{nobold|(2019–20)}}

| demographics1_footnotes        = <ref name="MOSPI">{{Cite web|url=http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_28_02_2020.xls|title=MOSPI Net State Domestic Product, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.|access-date=7 April 2020}}</ref>

| demographics1_title1           = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|Total]]

| demographics1_info1             = {{INRConvert|10.20|lc}}

| demographics1_title2           = [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita|Per capita]]

| demographics1_info2             = {{INRConvert|118159}}

| demographics_type2             = Languages<ref name=nclmanurep2010>{{cite web |url = http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title = Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015) |pages = 34–35 |publisher = Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date = 16 February 2016 |df = dmy-all |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171523/http://www.nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date = 28 December 2017}}</ref>

| demographics2_title1           = Official

| demographics2_info1             = [[Hindi]]

| demographics2_title2           = Additional&nbsp;official

| demographics2_info2             = [[English language|English]]

| demographics2_title3           = Regional

| demographics2_info3             = [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]], [[Mewati language|Mewati]]

| website                         = [http://rajasthan.gov.in/ Rajasthan.gov.in]

| footnotes                       =  

| module                         = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=Yes

| official_name                   =  

'''Rajasthan''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɑː|dʒ|ə|s|t|ɑː|n}}; {{IPA-hi|rɑːdʒəsˈt̪ʰɑːn|lang|Rajasthan.ogg}}; lit. 'Land of Kings')<ref name=etymology /> is a [[States and union territories of India|state]] in [[northern India]].<ref name="Indian Zonal Council">{{Cite web|url=http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/iscs/genesis/|title=INTER-STATE COUNCIL SECRETARIAT – Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=1 December 2018|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217223824/http://interstatecouncil.nic.in/iscs/genesis/|archive-date=17 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=MoC-North>{{cite web|title=North Zone Cultural Centre|url=http://www.culturenorthindia.com/|website=www.culturenorthindia.com|publisher=Ministry of Culture, [[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019132454/http://www.culturenorthindia.com/|archive-date=19 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Language">{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2016 |access-date=26 December 2014 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |page=22}}</ref> It covers {{convert|342239|km2|mi2}} or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the [[List of states and union territories of India by area|largest Indian state by area]] and the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|seventh largest by population]]. It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable [[Thar Desert]] (also known as the Great Indian Desert) and shares a border with the [[Pakistan]]i provinces of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] to the northwest and [[Sindh]] to the west, along the [[Sutlej]]-[[Indus]] River valley. It is bordered by five other Indian states: [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] to the north; [[Haryana]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]] to the northeast; [[Madhya Pradesh]] to the southeast; and [[Gujarat]] to the southwest. Its geographical location is 23.3 to 30.12 North latitude and 69.30 to 78.17 East longitude, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through its southernmost tip.

Its major features include the ruins of the [[Indus Valley Civilisation]] at [[Kalibangan]] and [[Balathal]]<!--{{spaced ndash}}the oldest yet discovered on the [[Indian subcontinent]]-->, the [[Dilwara Temples]], a [[Jainism|Jain]] pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only [[hill station]], [[Mount Abu]], in the ancient [[Aravalli Range|Aravalli mountain range]] and eastern Rajasthan, the [[Keoladeo National Park]] of [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]], a [[World Heritage Site]]<ref name="WorldHeritageList">{{cite web |title=World Heritage List |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340 |access-date=18 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030050702/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/340/ |archive-date=30 October 2010 |url-status=live  }}</ref> known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to three national [[tiger]] reserves, the [[Ranthambore National Park]] in [[Sawai Madhopur]], [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]] in [[Alwar]] and the [[Mukundara Hills National Park|Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve]] in [[Kota district|Kota]].

The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana{{spaced ndash}}the name adopted by the [[British Raj]] for its dependencies in the region<ref name="GuptaBakshi2008PA143">{{cite book|author1=R.K. Gupta|author2=S.R. Bakshi|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (Set Of 5 Vols.)|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n151 143]–|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref>{{spaced ndash}}was merged into the [[Dominion of India]]. Its [[List of state and union territory capitals in India|capital]] and largest city is [[Jaipur]]. Other important cities are [[Jodhpur]], [[Kota, Rajasthan|Kota]], [[Bikaner]], [[Ajmer]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]] and [[Udaipur]]. The [[economy of Rajasthan]] is the [[List of Indian states and union territories by GDP|seventh-largest state economy]] in India with {{INRConvert|10.20|lc}} in [[gross domestic product]] and a per capita [[GDP]] of {{INRConvert|118|k}}.<ref name="MOSPI" /> Rajasthan ranks [[List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index|29th]] among [[India]]n states in [[human development index]].<ref name="GlobalDataLab"/>

Rajasthan literally means "The Land of Kings" and is a portmanteau of [[Sanskrit]] "Rājā" (King) and [[Persian language|Persian]] "St(h)ān" (Land) or Sanskrit "Sthāna" with the same meaning.''<ref name="etymology">{{cite book |last1=Boland-Crewe |first1=Tara |last2=Lea |first2=David |title=The Territories and States of India |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135356255 |page=208 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2uPAgAAQBAJ&q=Tara+Boland-Crewe,+David+Lea,+The+Territories+and+States+of+India+rajasthan&pg=PA213 |access-date=26 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref>'' The oldest reference to ''Rajasthan'' is found in a stone inscription dated back to 625 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Singh|first=K. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKsqzB4P1ioC&q=rajasthan|title=Rajasthan|date=1998|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=9788171547661|language=en|author-link=Kumar Suresh Singh}}</ref> The first printed mention of the name ''Rajasthan'' appears in the 1829 publication ''Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India'', while the earliest known record of ''Rajputana'' as a name for the region is in [[George Thomas (soldier)|George Thomas]]'s 1800 memoir ''Military Memories''.<ref name="Kapil1999">{{cite book|author=F. K. Kapil|title=Rajputana states, 1817–1950|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCZuAAAAMAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Book Treasure|page=1|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101121202/https://books.google.com/books?id=eCZuAAAAMAAJ|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[John Keay]], in his book ''India: A History'', stated that ''Rajputana'' was coined by the British in 1829, John Briggs, translating [[Firishta|Ferishta]]'s history of early Islamic India, used the phrase "[[Rajput|Rajpoot (Rajput)]] princes" rather than "Indian princes".<ref>{{cite book|title=India: a history|author=John Keay|publisher=Grove Press|year=2001|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibLUu6RlvqwC&pg=PA231|pages=231–232|quote=Colonel James Todd, who, as the first British official to visit Rajasthan, spent most of the 1820s exploring its political potential, formed a very different idea of "Rush boots" […] and the whole region thenceforth became, for the British, 'Rajputana'. The word even achieved a retrospective authenticity, [for,] in [his] 1829 translation of Ferishta's history of early Islamic India, John Bridge discarded the phrase 'Indian princes', as rendered in Dow's earlier version, and substituted 'Rajpoot princes'.|isbn=978-0-8021-3797-5|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101121202/https://books.google.com/books?id=ibLUu6RlvqwC&pg=PA231&dq|archive-date=1 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Parts of what is now Rajasthan were partly part of the [[Vedic Civilisation]] and the [[Indus Valley Civilization]]. [[Kalibangan]], in [[Hanumangarh district]], was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazines.com/Indus_Valley_Civilization_related.html|title=INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION Related Articles arsenical bronze writing, literature|publisher=Amazines.com|access-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220003630/http://www.amazines.com/Indus_Valley_Civilization_related.html|archive-date=20 December 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Another [[Archaeology|archaeological]] excavation at the [[Balathal]] site in Udaipur district shows a settlement contemporary with the Harrapan civilisation dating back to 3000–1500 BCE.

[[Matsya Kingdom]] of the [[Vedic civilisation]] of [[India]] is said to roughly corresponded to the former state of [[Jaipur]] in Rajasthan and included the whole of Alwar with portions of Bharatpur.<ref>{{cite book|author=Chatterjee|first=Ramanand|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPkEAAAAMAAJ|title=The Modern review|publisher=Prabasi Press Private Ltd.|year=1948|volume=84|type=History|author-link=Ramananda Chatterjee}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Sita Sharma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qZvWAAAAMAAJ|title=Krishna Leela theme in Rajasthani miniatures|author2=Pragati Prakashan|year=1987|page=132}}</ref> The capital of Matsya was at [[Bairat|Viratanagar]] (modern Bairat), which is said to have been named after its founder King [[Virata]].<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|title=Rajasthan aajtak|isbn=978-81-903622-6-9}}</ref>{{Request quotation|date=July 2018|reason=Non-english source}}

Bhargava<ref>Sudhir Bhargava, "Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river" Seminar, Saraswati river-a perspective, 20–22 Nov 2009, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, organized by Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana, Seminar Report: pages 114–117</ref> identifies the two districts of [[Jhunjhunu]] and [[Sikar]] and parts of [[Jaipur]] district along with Haryana districts of [[Mahendragarh]] and [[Rewari]] as part of [[Vedic Period|Vedic]] state of [[Brahmavarta]]. Bhargava also locates the present day [[Sahibi River]] as the Vedic [[Drishadwati]] River, which along with [[Saraswati River]] formed the borders of the Vedic state of Brahmavarta.<ref>Manusmriti</ref> Manu and [[Bhrigu]] narrated the [[Manusmriti]] to a congregation of seers in this area only. The ashrams of Vedic seers [[Bhrigu]] and his son Chayvan Rishi, for whom [[Chyawanprash]] was formulated, were near [[Dhosi Hill]], part of which lies in Dhosi village of [[Jhunjhunu]] district of Rajasthan and part of which lies in [[Mahendragarh]] district of [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain|first=M. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUfaAQAACAAJ|title=Concise History of Modern Rajasthan|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Wishwa Prakashan|isbn=978-81-7328-010-8|language=en}}</ref>

The Rajputs put up resistance to the Islamic invasions with their warfare and chivalry for centuries. The Rana's of Mewar led other kingdoms in its resistance to outside rule. Rana [[Hammir Singh]], defeated the [[Tughlaq dynasty]] and recovered a large portion of Rajasthan. The indomitable [[Kumbha of Mewar|Rana Kumbha]] defeated the Sultans of [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]], Nagaur and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] and made Mewar the most powerful Rajput Kingdom in India. The ambitious [[Rana Sanga]] united the various Rajput clans and fought against the foreign powers in India. Rana Sanga defeated the Afghan [[Lodi Empire]] of Delhi and crushed the Turkic Sultanates of Malwa and Gujarat. Rana Sanga then tried to create an Indian empire but was defeated by the first [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Babur]] at Khanua. The defeat was due to betrayal by the Tomar King [[Silhadi]] of Raisen. After [[Rana Sanga]]'s death, [[Marwar]] rose as a power center in Rajasthan under Rao Maldev Rathore. He conquered Jaisalmer, parts of Gujarat, Jalore, Nagaur, Ajmer, Sanchore, Bhinmal, Radhanpur, Bayana, Tonk, Toda and Nabhara. He expanded the territories of Marwar up to Sindh-Cholistan in west and his northern boundary was just fifty km from Delhi.<ref>History of Rajasthan by Rima Hooja Section:The State of Marwar/Jodhpur, pg 520-522</ref><ref>Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Mughul Empire, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 81–2</ref> After defeating Humayun, Sher Shah came towards Rajputana. He defeated Chiefs of Rathore army by trickery in [[Battle of Sammel]] and captured some territory of Marwar but it was recovered by Rathores in 1545.<ref>Mahajan, V.D. (1991, reprint 2007). History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, p.43</ref> After that Rajputana remained mostly free from Islamic occupation till the Akbar's conquest of Rajputana.

In the 19th century, the Rajput kingdoms were exhausted, they had been drained financially and in manpower after continuous wars and due to heavy tributes exacted by the Maratha Empire. To save their kingdoms from instability, rebellions and banditry the Rajput kings concluded treaties with the British in the early 19th century, accepting British [[suzerainty]] and control over their external affairs in return for internal autonomy.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhargava|first=Visheshwar Sarup|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbY9AAAAIAAJ|title=Marwar and the Mughal Emperors (A. D. 1526-1748)|date=1966|publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal|pages=123–126|isbn=9788121504003|language=en}}</ref>

Modern Rajasthan includes most of [[Rajputana]], which comprises the erstwhile nineteen [[princely state]]s, two chiefships, and the British district of [[Ajmer-Merwara]].<ref name="GuptaBakshi2008">{{cite book|author1=R.K. Gupta|author2=S.R. Bakshi|title=Studies in Indian History: Rajasthan Through The Ages The Heritage Of Rajputs (5 Vols.)|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-841-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_S7dCkiyLJ6EC/page/n151 143]–|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]], [[Marwar]] (Jodhpur), [[Bikaner]], [[Mewar]] (Chittorgarh), [[Alwar]] and [[Dhundhar]] (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. [[Bharatpur, India|Bharatpur]] and [[Dholpur]] were Jat princely states whereas [[Tonk (princely state)|Tonk]] was a princely state under [[Pathan]]s.<ref name="Lodha">{{cite book |last1=Lodha |first1=Sanjay |editor1-last=Kumar |editor1-first=Ashutosh |title=Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions |date=2011 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415597777 |page=400 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ypKoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA400 |access-date=12 December 2019 |chapter=Subregions, Identity and Nature of Political Competition in Rajasthan |quote=The 19 independent ruling houses were governed by different Rajput clans, Jats and Pathans. The Chauhan Rajputs ruled Bundi, Kota and Sirohi; the Gehlot Rajputs ruled Banswara, Dungarpur, Mewar, Pratapgarh and Shahpura; the Jadon Rajputs ruled Jaisalmer and Karauli; the Jhala Rajputs were the rulers of Jhalawar; the Kachhawaha Rajputs controlled Alwar, Jaipur and the Lawa Estate; and the Rathore Rajputs looked after Bikaner, Marwar, Kishangarh and the chiefship of Kushalgarh. Bharatpur and Dholpur were under Jat rule and Tonk was ruled by the Pathans.}}</ref>

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== Flora and fauna ==

=== Wildlife protection ===

== Administrative divisions ==

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|label5 = [[Christianity]] |color5 = DodgerBlue |value5 = 0.14

|label6 = [[Buddhism]] |color6 = yellow |value6 = 0.02

Brahmins, according to ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'' constituted 8% to 10% of the population of Rajasthan as per a 2003 report, but only 7% in a 2007 report.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/distribution-of-brahmin-population/220442|title=Distribution Of Brahmin Population|date=16 June 2003|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/brahmins-in-india/234783|title=Brahmins in India|date=4 June 2007|work=Outlook|access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> According to a 2007 ''[[DNA India]]'' report, 12.5% of the state are Brahmins.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rajasthan-s-brahmins-now-seek-job-quotas-1106039|title=Rajasthan's Brahmins now seek job quotas|date=26 June 2007|work=DNA India|access-date=7 December 2019|language=en}}</ref> According to a report by ''[[Moneycontrol.com]]'' at the time of [[2018 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election]], the [[Scheduled Caste]] (SC) population was 18%, [[Scheduled Tribe]] (ST) was 13%, [[Jats]] 12%, [[Gujjars]] and [[Rajputs]] 9% each, [[Brahmin]]s and [[Meena]]s 7% each.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Handa |first1=Aakriti |title=Rajasthan Assembly Polls 2018: The caste dynamics in the state and the race for reservations |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/politics/rajasthan-assembly-polls-2018-the-caste-dynamics-in-the-state-and-the-race-for-reservations-3086771.html |access-date=27 March 2020 |work=Moneycontrol |date=25 October 2018}}</ref> A ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' report from 2019 also agrees to the total ST population of 13%, of which [[Meenas]] constitute the biggest group at 7%.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Rakesh |title=In Rajasthan, tribal body acts as family court for ST couples |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-rajasthan-a-tribal-organization-not-courts-gives-divorce-decrees/story-kAU0nQnORMI5O80aVMeMdJ.html |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

[[Rajasthani cuisine|Rajasthani cooking]] was influenced by both the war-like lifestyles of its inhabitants and the availability of ingredients in this arid region. Food that could last for several days and could be eaten without heating was preferred. Thus, pickles of Rajasthan are quite famous for their tangy and spicy flavour. The ''Panchkuta'' delicacy is also a famous one - meaning 5 vegetables - a dish that lasts for several days, and is made out of certain weed plants that only grow in the wild desert. The scarcity of water and fresh green vegetables have all had their effect on cooking. It is known for its snacks like [[Bikaneri Bhujia]]. Other famous dishes include ''bajre ki roti'' (millet bread) and ''lahsun ki chutney'' (hot garlic paste), ''mawa kachori'' [[Mirchi Bada]], [[Pyaaj Kachori]] and [[ghevar]] from Jodhpur, [[Alwar]] ka Mawa (milk cake), ''Kadhi kachori'' from Ajmer, ''Malpua'' from Pushkar, Daal [[kachori]] (Kota kachori) from Kota and rassgullas from Bikaner. Originating from the [[Marwar]] region of the state is the concept of [[Marwari Bhojnalaya]] or vegetarian restaurants, today found in many parts of India, which offer vegetarian food popular among [[Marwari people]]. Ghee is an essential ingredient in most Rajasthani cuisines, and dollops of ghee are poured over food as a welcoming gesture for guests.[[File:Rajasthani Dish.jpg|alt=|thumb|Dal Bati Choorma, a traditional Rajasthani Dish]] [[Dal baati|Dal-baati-churma]] is very popular in Rajasthan. The traditional way to serve it is to first coarsely mash the baati, and then pour pure ghee on top of it. It is served with daal (lentils) and spicy garlic chutney; it is also served with besan (gram flour) ki kadi. It is commonly served at all festivities, including religious occasions, wedding ceremonies, and birthday parties in Rajasthan.

Rajasthan is known for its customs, culture, colours, majestic forts, and palaces, [[folk dances]] and music, local festivals, local food, sand dunes, carved temples and beautiful [[Haveli]]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Rajasthan's Jaipur [[Jantar Mantar]], [[Mehrangarh Fort]] and [[Stepwell]] of [[Jodhpur]], [[Dilwara Temples]], [[Chittor Fort]], [[Lake Palace]], miniature paintings in [[Bundi]], and numerous city palaces and Havelis are part of the architectural heritage of India. Jaipur, the ''Pink City'', is noted for the ancient houses made of a type of sandstone dominated by a pink hue. In Jodhpur, most houses are painted blue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/why-is-jodhpur-known-as-the-blue-city/as33916125.cms|title=Why is Jodhpur Known as the Blue City?|website=Times of India|language=en-IN|access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> At [[Ajmer]], there is white marble Bara-dari on the [[Anasagar]] lake and [[Soniji Ki Nasiyan]]. [[Jain Temples]] dot Rajasthan from north to south and east to west. [[Dilwara Temples]] of Mount Abu, [[Shrinathji]] Temple of Nathdwara, [[Ranakpur Jain temple]] dedicated to Lord [[Rishabhanatha|Adinath]] in [[Pali District]], Jain temples in the fort complexes of [[Chittor]], Jaisalmer and [[Kumbhalgarh]], [[Lodhruva|Lodurva]] Jain temples, [[Mirpur Jain Temple]] of [[Sirohi]], Sarun Mata Temple at [[Kotputli]], Bhandasar and Karni Mata Temple of [[Bikaner]] and [[Mandore]] of [[Jodhpur]] are some of the best examples.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/tourist-destinations|title=Tourist Places to Visit in Rajasthan – Rajasthan Tourism|website=tourism.rajasthan.gov.in|language=en-IN|access-date=16 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161116040352/http://tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/tourist-destinations|archive-date=16 November 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Keoladeo National Park]], [[Ranthambore National Park]], [[Sariska Tiger Reserve]], [[Tal Chhapar Sanctuary]], are wildlife attractions of Rajasthan. Mewar festival of Udaipur, [[Teej festival]] and [[Gangaur]] festival in Jaipur, [[Rajasthan desert festival|Desert festival]] of Jodhpur, Brij Holi of Bharatpur, Matsya festival of Alwar, [[Kite festival]] of Jodhpur, Kolayat fair in Bikaner are some of the most popular fairs and festivals of Rajasthan.

<gallery mode="packed" heights="180">

File:Camel rides in Thar desert.jpg|Camel rides in Thar desert

File:Temples at Pushkar Lake.jpg|Pushkar Lake and Ghat

File:Bhavai is a genre of folk dance popular in Rajasthan. The male or female performers balance a number of earthen pots while dancing.jpg|Folk dance popular in Rajasthan

File:Demoiselle cranes in Khichan near Bikaner (Rajasthan).jpg|Demoiselle cranes in Khichan near Bikaner

File:Hawa Mahal 2011.jpg|Hawa Mahal

File:20191219 Fort Amber, Amer, Jaipur 0955 9481.jpg|Amber Fort has seen from the bank of Maotha Lake, Jaigarh Fort on the hills in the background

File:Nakki Lake - panoramio.jpg|Nakki Lake, Mount Abu

File:Mehrangarh Fort.jpg|Mehrangarh Fort

File:Kalpavruksha page.jpg|Dilwara Temples

File:Lake Pichola (1580558921).jpg|Lake Palace

File:Kirti Stambha of Fort of Chittaur -Chittaurgarh -Rajasthan -IMG 8307.jpg|Kirti Stambha of Fort of Chittaur

File:A Walk to remember.jpg|Tiger at Ranthambore National Park

File:Jaipur 03-2016 39 Jal Mahal - Water Palace.jpg|Jal Mahal, Jaipur