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{{about|the Hindu deity||Goga (disambiguation)}} | {{about|the Hindu deity||Goga (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{short description|Indian folk deity}} | {{short description|Indian folk deity}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | {{Infobox deity<!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | ||
|type = Hindu; folk Deity of [[Rajasthan]] [[Gujarat]] [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] [[Punjab Region]] | |type = Hindu; folk Deity of [[Rajasthan]] [[Gujarat]] [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] [[Punjab Region]] | ||
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|abode = [[Dadrewa]], [[Gogamedi]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. | |abode = [[Dadrewa]], [[Gogamedi]], [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]. | ||
|parents = Father: Raja Jewar Thakur, Mother: Queen Bachhal | |parents = Father: Raja Jewar Thakur, Mother: Queen Bachhal | ||
| | |Worship_center = [[Rajasthan]], [[Punjab Region]], parts of [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Jammu Division|Jammu]], [[Gujarat]] | ||
|mount = Blue [[horse]] | |mount = Blue [[horse]] | ||
|texts = | |texts = | ||
}} | }} | ||
[[ | [[File:VeerGogaji.jpg|thumb|right]] | ||
'''Gogaji''' (also known as '''Goga''', '''Jahar Veer Gogga''', '''Gugga''', '''Gugga Pir''', '''Gugga Jaharpir''', '''Gugga Chohan''', '''Gugga Rana''', '''Gugga Bir''' and '''Raja Mandlik''') is a [[folklore|folk]] [[deity]], worshipped in the northern states of India especially in [[Rajasthan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Punjab region]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] and [[Gujarat]]. He is a warrior-hero of the region, venerated as a saint and a 'snake-god'. | '''Gogaji''' (also known as '''Goga''', '''Jahar Veer Gogga''', '''Gugga''', '''Gugga Pir''', '''Gugga Jaharpir''', '''Gugga Chohan''', '''Gugga Rana''', '''Gugga Bir''' and '''Raja Mandlik''') is a [[folklore|folk]] [[deity]], worshipped in the northern states of India especially in [[Rajasthan]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Punjab region]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Jammu Division|Jammu]] and [[Gujarat]]. He is a warrior-hero of the region, venerated as a saint and a 'snake-god'. | ||
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===Birth=== | ===Birth=== | ||
When Bachal was worshipping [[Gorakhnath]], her twin-sister decided to usurp the blessings from the Gorakhnath. In the middle of the night, she wore her sister's clothes and deceived Gorakhnath into giving her the blessing fruit. When Bachal | When Bachal was worshipping [[Gorakhnath]], her twin-sister decided to usurp the blessings from the Gorakhnath. In the middle of the night, she wore her sister's clothes and deceived Gorakhnath into giving her the blessing fruit. When Bachal realised it, she rushed to Gorakhnath and said that she had not received anything. To this, Gorakhnath replied that he had already given his blessings and said that her sister was attempting to deceive her. After repeated requests by Bachal, Gorakhnath relented and gave her two Gugal candies. She distributed these candies to ladies having no child, including the 'blue mare' who was pregnant at that time. When the Guru gave the blessing to Bachal, he foretold that her son would become very powerful and would rule over the other two sons of their aunt, Kachal. | ||
===Marriage=== | ===Marriage=== | ||
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==Celebration and fairs== | ==Celebration and fairs== | ||
The | The history of Goga falls within [[folk religion]] and therefore his followers include people from all faiths. Goga is popular as a [[Devata|Devta]] who protects his followers from snakes and other evils. He has been deified as a snake demigod and is a prominent figure among those who follow the [[Nāga]] cult in what is now [[Rajasthan]] and since the seventeenth century has been worshipped in the [[Western Himalaya]]s also, possibly as a consequence of migration there from Rajasthan.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Xd50t19YpJEC&pg=PA330&lpg=PA330&dq=the+cult+of+gugga&source=bl&ots=vYsJsjCERt&sig=cqQekkCu8vfFMMGumsBK8e82FMA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QtvwUvvzK-GN7QadmYGgAg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=the%20cult%20of%20gugga&f=false Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya: Omacanda Hāṇḍā]</ref> | ||
He is particularly popular among those engaged in agrarian pursuits, for whom the fear of snakebite is common. Although a Hindu, he has many Muslim devotees and is chiefly considered to be a saint (''[[Pir (Sufism)|pir]]'') who had the power to cure the effects of poison (''jahar'').<ref>{{cite book |title=Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya |first=Omacanda |last=Hāṇḍā |publisher=Indus Publishing |location=New Delhi |year=2004 |isbn=9788173871610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd50t19YpJEC&pg=PA317 |pages=317–320, 330 |access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> | He is particularly popular among those engaged in agrarian pursuits, for whom the fear of snakebite is common. Although a Hindu, he has many Muslim devotees and is chiefly considered to be a saint (''[[Pir (Sufism)|pir]]'') who had the power to cure the effects of poison (''jahar'').<ref>{{cite book |title=Naga Cults and Traditions in the Western Himalaya |first=Omacanda |last=Hāṇḍā |publisher=Indus Publishing |location=New Delhi |year=2004 |isbn=9788173871610 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xd50t19YpJEC&pg=PA317 |pages=317–320, 330 |access-date=17 October 2012}}</ref> | ||
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Worship of Goga starts in [[Bhaadra]] month of [[Hindu]] calendar. On the 9th of Bhadra, the people worship his symbol, a black snake painted on a wall. Worshippers take a fly-flap, known as chhari, round the village. Devotees pay their respect to it and offer [[churma]]. The Savayians sing devotional songs known as ‘Pir ke Solle’ in his honour to the accompaniment of [[Damaru|deroos]]. Beating of deroos is the exclusive privilege of the Savayian community; others may sing, dance or offer [[Bhog#In Hinduism|charhawa]]. It is believed that the spirit of Gugga temporarily takes abode in the devotee dancer who lashes himself with a bunch of iron chains. People also open their rakhis on this day(bhadra krishna paksh navmi) and offer them to him. They also offer sweet [[Puri (food)|puri]] (a type of sweet chappati) and other sweets and take his blessing. | Worship of Goga starts in [[Bhaadra]] month of [[Hindu]] calendar. On the 9th of Bhadra, the people worship his symbol, a black snake painted on a wall. Worshippers take a fly-flap, known as chhari, round the village. Devotees pay their respect to it and offer [[churma]]. The Savayians sing devotional songs known as ‘Pir ke Solle’ in his honour to the accompaniment of [[Damaru|deroos]]. Beating of deroos is the exclusive privilege of the Savayian community; others may sing, dance or offer [[Bhog#In Hinduism|charhawa]]. It is believed that the spirit of Gugga temporarily takes abode in the devotee dancer who lashes himself with a bunch of iron chains. People also open their rakhis on this day(bhadra krishna paksh navmi) and offer them to him. They also offer sweet [[Puri (food)|puri]] (a type of sweet chappati) and other sweets and take his blessing. | ||
Grand fairs are held at [[samadhi]] sathal [[Gogamedi]]. Gogamedi is 359 km from [[Jaipur]], in [[Hanumangarh]] district of Rajasthan. It is believed that Goga went into [[samādhi]] at Gogamedi. Thousands of devotees gather to pay homage at this memorial annually in the month of [[Bhadrapada]] during the Goga [[fair]], which lasts for | Grand fairs are held at [[samadhi]] sathal [[Gogamedi]]. Gogamedi is 359 km from [[Jaipur]], in [[Hanumangarh]] district of Rajasthan. It is believed that Goga went into [[samādhi]] at Gogamedi. Thousands of devotees gather to pay homage at this memorial annually in the month of [[Bhadrapada]] during the Goga [[fair]], which lasts for three days. The fair is held from the ninth day of the dark half of Bhadrapada (Goga Navami) to the eleventh day of the dark half of the same month. People sing and dance to the beats of drums with multicoloured flags called ''nishans'' in their hands. The songs and [[bhajan]]s on the life history of Gogaji are recited accompanied by music played with traditional instruments like [[Damru]], [[Chimta]], etc. At his birthplace [[Dadrewa]], the fair goes on over a month. Devotees from far eastern places of Dadrewa start arriving from the beginning of the auspicious month of [[Bhaadra]]. These devotees are commonly known as purbia (those who belong to east). It is a common sight to see people with snakes lying around their necks. According to a folklore in and around his birthplace [[Dadrewa]] it is believed that if someone picks up even a stick from [[johad|johra]] (a barren land which has a sacred pond in [[Dadrewa]]), it would turn into a snake. Devotees of Gogaji worship him when they get a snake bite and apply sacred ash ([[Vibhuti|bhabhoot]]) on the bite as an immediate remedy. | ||
with multicoloured flags called ''nishans'' in their hands. The songs and [[bhajan]]s on the life history of Gogaji are recited accompanied by music played with traditional instruments like [[Damru]], [[Chimta]], etc. At his birthplace [[Dadrewa]], the fair goes on over a month. Devotees from far eastern places of Dadrewa start arriving from the beginning of the auspicious month of [[Bhaadra]]. These devotees are commonly known as purbia (those who belong to east). It is a common sight to see people with snakes lying around their necks. According to a folklore in and around his birthplace [[Dadrewa]] it is believed that if someone picks up even a stick from [[johad|johra]] (a barren land which has a sacred pond in [[Dadrewa]]), it would turn into a snake. Devotees of Gogaji worship him when they get a snake bite and apply sacred ash ([[Vibhuti|bhabhoot]]) on the bite as an immediate remedy. | |||
===Himachal Pradesh=== | ===Himachal Pradesh=== | ||
In [[Thaneek Pura]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], a very large scale festival and fair is organized on Gugga Navami. | In [[Thaneek Pura]], [[Himachal Pradesh]], a very large scale festival and fair is organized on Gugga Navami. The tale of Gugga Ji is recited, from Raksha Bandhan to Gugga Naumi, by the followers who visit every house in the region. These followers while singing the tales of Gugga Ji carry a [[Chatra (umbrella)|Chhat]] (a wooden umbrella) and people offer them grains and other stuff. They bring all the collected offerings to the temple and then the grand festival of Gugga Navami is celebrated for three days. Apart from various pujas and rituals, the wrestling competition ([[Malla-yuddha|Mall]] or [[Akhara#Dangal|Dangal]]) is organized for three days where participants from all over the region compete. The annual three-day fair is also a part of these festivities where people come and enjoy great food, and shop for decorative items, handicrafts, clothes, cosmetics, household goods, and toys for children. | ||
===Punjab=== | ===Punjab=== | ||
Goga is known as Gugga in the Punjab who has a significant following. | {{Punjabis}}{{See also|Folk practices in Punjab}}Goga is known as Gugga in the Punjab who has a significant following. Many Punjabi villages have a shrine dedicated to Gugga. A fair is organised annually in the village of [[Chhapar]] and is known as the [[Chhapar Mela]]. Gugga's legacy in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] can be seen in towns such as [[Bareta|Bareta Mandi]], which is situated at a distance of 51 km from [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. "The town is predominantly inhabited by Chauhans who trace their origin from Gugga, ‘Lord of Snakes’. It is said that nobody has ever died here on account of snakebite because of the blessings of Gugga."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/Ga/MANSA-19.htm |title=Punjab Revenue|publisher=Punjabrevenue.nic.in |date=1992-04-13 |access-date=2014-02-04}}</ref> | ||
In the [[Punjab region]], it is traditional to offer sweet [[Vermicelli]] to the shrines of Gugga Ji<ref name="autogenerated2">Alop ho riha Punjabi virsa – bhag dooja by Harkesh Singh Kehal Unistar Book PVT Ltd {{ISBN|978-93-5017-532-3}}</ref> and sweet fried bread (mathya ({{lang-pa|ਮੱਥੀਆ}})). He is worshiped in the month of Bhadon especially on the ninth day of that month. Gugga is meant to protect against snake bites and he is venerated in shrines known as marris. The shrines do not conform to any religion and can range from antholes to structures that resemble a Sikh Gurdwara or a Mosque. When worshipping Gugga, people bring noodles as offerings and also leave them in places where snakes reside.<ref name="autogenerated1">Bhatti, H.S Folk Religion Change and Continuity Rawat Publications</ref> People perform a devotional dance while dancing on the legendary songs of bravery sung in his praise.<ref name=harcu3>{{cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|title=Journal of Punjab Studies – Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies – UC Santa Barbara|website=www.global.ucsb.edu|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213237/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | In the [[Punjab region]], it is traditional to offer sweet [[Vermicelli]] to the shrines of Gugga Ji<ref name="autogenerated2">Alop ho riha Punjabi virsa – bhag dooja by Harkesh Singh Kehal Unistar Book PVT Ltd {{ISBN|978-93-5017-532-3}}</ref> and sweet fried bread (mathya ({{lang-pa|ਮੱਥੀਆ}})). He is worshiped in the month of Bhadon especially on the ninth day of that month. Gugga is meant to protect against snake bites and he is venerated in shrines known as marris. The shrines do not conform to any religion and can range from antholes to structures that resemble a Sikh Gurdwara or a Mosque. When worshipping Gugga, people bring noodles as offerings and also leave them in places where snakes reside.<ref name="autogenerated1">Bhatti, H.S Folk Religion Change and Continuity Rawat Publications</ref> People perform a devotional dance while dancing on the legendary songs of bravery sung in his praise.<ref name=harcu3>{{cite web|url=http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|title=Journal of Punjab Studies – Center for Sikh and Punjab Studies – UC Santa Barbara|website=www.global.ucsb.edu|access-date=4 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213237/http://www.global.ucsb.edu/punjab/journalfall04.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
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== See also == | == See also == | ||
*[[Dadrewa]] | *[[Dadrewa]] | ||
*[[Chauhan]] | *[[Chauhan]] | ||