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{{Short description|Written agreement of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War}} | {{Short description|Written agreement of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}{{Infobox document | ||
|document_name = Pakistani Instrument of Surrender | |document_name = Pakistani Instrument of Surrender | ||
|image = 1971 Instrument of Surrender.jpg | |image = 1971 Instrument of Surrender.jpg | ||
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|purpose = Ending the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | |purpose = Ending the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | ||
|subject=Surrender of the [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command]]}} | |subject=Surrender of the [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command]]}} | ||
The '''Pakistani Instrument of Surrender''' ({{lang-bn|পাকিস্তানের আত্মসমর্পণের দলিল|translit=Pākistānēr Atmasamarpaṇēr Dalil}}) was a written agreement between [[India]], [[Pakistan]], and the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] that enabled the capitulation of 93,000 [[West Pakistan]]i troops of the [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Armed Forces Eastern Command]] on 16 December 1971,<ref name="ny">{{cite web |title=The Surrender Document |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/17/archives/the-surrender-document.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 December 1971}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Banglapedia| article = Prisoners_of_War,_Trial_of}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback: From behind the barbed wire |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/771713/flashback-from-behind-the-barbed-wire |website=[[DAWN.COM]] |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=en |date=16 December | The '''Pakistani Instrument of Surrender''' ({{lang-bn|পাকিস্তানের আত্মসমর্পণের দলিল|translit=Pākistānēr Atmasamarpaṇēr Dalil}}) was a written agreement between [[India]], [[Pakistan]], and the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] that enabled the capitulation of 93,000 [[West Pakistan]]i troops of the [[Evolution of Pakistan Eastern Command plan|Armed Forces Eastern Command]] on 16 December 1971,<ref name="ny">{{cite web |title=The Surrender Document |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/17/archives/the-surrender-document.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 December 1971}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Banglapedia| article = Prisoners_of_War,_Trial_of}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Flashback: From behind the barbed wire |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/771713/flashback-from-behind-the-barbed-wire |website=[[DAWN.COM]] |access-date=16 December 2021 |language=en |date=16 December 2012}}</ref> thereby ending the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] with the formal establishment of the [[Bangladesh|People's Republic of Bangladesh]] in erstwhile [[East Pakistan]]. It was the largest surrender in terms of number of personnel since the end of [[World War II]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Koul|first=Bill K.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CW78DwAAQBAJ&dq=largest+pow+after+ww2+1971&pg=PA254|title=The Exiled Pandits of Kashmir: Will They Ever Return Home?|date=2020|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-15-6537-3|pages=254|language=en|quote=More than 90,000...., the largest ever since World War 2.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bureau|first=The Hindu|date=2021-12-16|title=Country marks 50 years of 1971 war|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-modi-hails-indias-armed-forces-bangladeshi-freedom-fighters-on-vijay-diwas/article37966588.ece|access-date=2022-01-26|issn=0971-751X|quote=surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers, the largest surrender of armed forces post Second World War.}}</ref> | ||
The event, known as [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)|Victory Day]], is celebrated as a [[Public holidays in Bangladesh#National holidays|national holiday in Bangladesh]]; it is also celebrated by the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. | The event, known as [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)|Victory Day]], is celebrated as a [[Public holidays in Bangladesh#National holidays|national holiday in Bangladesh]]; it is also celebrated by the [[Indian Armed Forces]]. | ||
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The surrender ceremony took place at the [[Suhrawardy Udyan|Ramna Race Course]] in [[Dhaka|Dacca]], [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]), on 16 December 1971: [[A. A. K. Niazi]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] formally surrendered to [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]], an [[Indian Army]] officer and joint commander of the [[Mukti Bahini|Bangladesh Forces]]. [[A. K. Khandker]], Deputy Chief of Staff of the Bangladesh Forces, represented the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] at the ceremony.<ref name="Levie1974"/> | The surrender ceremony took place at the [[Suhrawardy Udyan|Ramna Race Course]] in [[Dhaka|Dacca]], [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]), on 16 December 1971: [[A. A. K. Niazi]] of the [[Pakistan Army]] formally surrendered to [[Jagjit Singh Aurora]], an [[Indian Army]] officer and joint commander of the [[Mukti Bahini|Bangladesh Forces]]. [[A. K. Khandker]], Deputy Chief of Staff of the Bangladesh Forces, represented the [[Provisional Government of Bangladesh]] at the ceremony.<ref name="Levie1974"/> | ||
Also present from the Pakistani Eastern Command were [[Mohammad Shariff]] of the [[Pakistan Navy]] and [[Patrick Desmond Callaghan]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]], both of whom signed the agreement alongside Niazi.{{citation needed|date=June | Also present from the Pakistani Eastern Command were [[Mohammad Shariff]] of the [[Pakistan Navy]] and [[Patrick Desmond Callaghan]] of the [[Pakistan Air Force]], both of whom signed the agreement alongside Niazi.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} [[Sagat Singh]], Commander of the [[IV Corps (India)|Indian IV Corps]]; [[Hari Chand Dewan]], Commander of the [[Eastern Air Command (India)|Indian Eastern Air Command]]; and [[J. F. R. Jacob]], Chief of Staff of the [[Eastern Command (India)|Indian Eastern Command]]; all acted as witnesses on behalf of [[India]].{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} | ||
Niazi accepted the surrender while the crowd on the race course promptly erupted in celebrations.<ref name="Nayar1998"/> | Niazi accepted the surrender while the crowd on the race course promptly erupted in celebrations.<ref name="Nayar1998"/> | ||
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<ref name="Nayar1998">{{cite news |author=Kuldip Nayar |date=1998-02-03 |title=Of betrayal and bungling |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450744.html |access-date=2014-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517162600/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450744.html |archive-date=2014-05-17}}</ref> | <ref name="Nayar1998">{{cite news |author=Kuldip Nayar |date=1998-02-03 |title=Of betrayal and bungling |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450744.html |access-date=2014-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517162600/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980203/03450744.html |archive-date=2014-05-17}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="SoP">{{cite web |title=The Separation of East Pakistan |url=http://storyofpakistan.com/the-separation-of-east-pakistan/ |publisher=Story of Pakistan |access-date=2020-07-28 |date=2003-06-01}}</ref> | <ref name="SoP">{{cite web |title=The Separation of East Pakistan |url=http://storyofpakistan.com/the-separation-of-east-pakistan/ |publisher=Story of Pakistan |access-date=2020-07-28 |date=2003-06-01}}</ref> | ||
<ref name="Virtual">{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/the-basics/history-of-bangladesh/independence/the-instrument-of-surrender/ |title=The Instrument of Surrender |website=Virtual Bangladesh |date= | <ref name="Virtual">{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualbangladesh.com/the-basics/history-of-bangladesh/independence/the-instrument-of-surrender/ |title=The Instrument of Surrender |website=Virtual Bangladesh |date=2015}}</ref> | ||
</references> | </references> | ||