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{{Short description|Battle in South India}} | |||
{{Multiple issues| | |||
{{morefootnotes|date=July 2020}} | {{morefootnotes|date=July 2020}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=June 2022}} | |||
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}} | ||
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|image= | |image= | ||
|caption= | |caption= | ||
|date= | |date=1052 CE | ||
|place=Koppam | |place=Koppam | ||
|result= | |result= | ||
* Strategic | * Strategic victory of Cholas | ||
* Tactical victory of the Western Chalukyas | * Tactical victory of the Western Chalukyas | ||
|combatant1=[[Western Chalukyas]] | |combatant1=[[Western Chalukyas]] | ||
|combatant2=[[Chola Empire]] | |combatant2=[[Chola Empire]] | ||
|commander1=[[Someshvara I]] | |commander1=[[Someshvara I]] (king) | ||
| commander2 = [[Rajadhiraja Chola]]{{KIA}} | |||
Jayasimha{{KIA}} (Prince) | |||
Nanni Nulumban{{KIA}} (Sub-ordinate) | |||
| commander2 = [[Rajadhiraja Chola]]{{KIA}} (king) | |||
[[Rajendra Chola II]] (Prince) | |||
|strength1=unknown | |strength1=unknown | ||
| strength2 = unknown | | strength2 = unknown | ||
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|casualties2=Rajadhiraja Chola | |casualties2=Rajadhiraja Chola | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Battle of Koppam''' was a [[battle]] fought between the [[Medieval Chola]] kings [[Rajadhiraja Chola]] and [[Rajendra Chola II]] with the [[Chalukya]] king [[Someshvara I]] in 1054, or in 1052 CE according to Sen.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=46–49}}</ref> The site of the battle has been identified as [[Koppal]] by C.R. Krishnamacharlu and this has been accepted by [[Nilakanta Sastri|Sastri]] and Dr. B.R Gopal.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 88|author=Mythic Society (Bangalore, India)|publisher=The Society, 1997|page=9}}</ref> Though the | The '''Battle of Koppam''' was a [[battle]] fought between the [[Medieval Chola]] kings [[Rajadhiraja Chola]] and [[Rajendra Chola II]] with the [[Western Chalukya Empire|Chalukya]] king [[Someshvara I]] in 1054, or in 1052 CE according to Sen.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=46–49}}</ref> The site of the battle has been identified as [[Koppal]] by C.R. Krishnamacharlu and this has been accepted by [[Nilakanta Sastri|Sastri]] and Dr. B.R Gopal.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 88|author=Mythic Society (Bangalore, India)|publisher=The Society, 1997|page=9}}</ref> Though the cholas was successful in the battle, Chola king and supreme commander, Rajadhiraja I lost his life in the battlefield and was succeeded to the throne by his younger brother, Rajendra Chola II. | ||
== Sources == | == Sources == | ||
Latest revision as of 12:54, 29 November 2022
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| Battle of Koppam | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Chalukya-Chola Wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Western Chalukyas | Chola Empire | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Someshvara I (king) Jayasimha † (Prince) Nanni Nulumban † (Sub-ordinate) |
Rajadhiraja Chola † (king) Rajendra Chola II (Prince) | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| unknown | unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Jayasimha, Pulakesin, Dasapanman, Nanni-Nulumban | Rajadhiraja Chola | ||||||
The Battle of Koppam was a battle fought between the Medieval Chola kings Rajadhiraja Chola and Rajendra Chola II with the Chalukya king Someshvara I in 1054, or in 1052 CE according to Sen.[1] The site of the battle has been identified as Koppal by C.R. Krishnamacharlu and this has been accepted by Sastri and Dr. B.R Gopal.[2] Though the cholas was successful in the battle, Chola king and supreme commander, Rajadhiraja I lost his life in the battlefield and was succeeded to the throne by his younger brother, Rajendra Chola II.
Sources[edit | edit source]
The main historic sources of the battle are an inscription dated to 1054 and Rajendra Chola's Manimangalam record of 1055.
Causes[edit | edit source]
Since his accession to the throne, Rajadhiraja Chola desired to subjugate the Chalukyas who ruled over portions of Northern Karnataka and the southern part of present-day Maharashtra and incorporate their territories into the Chola Empire. His first invasion of the Chalukya kingdom in 1047-48 had failed. In 1054, he led a second expedition into the Chalukya territories which met the Chalukya army and fought a battle at place mentioned as "Koppam".
Events[edit | edit source]
In 1054, Rajadhiraja led a huge army northward and plundered the province of Rattamandalam. His army was followed in the rear by forces under Rajadhiraja's brother and heir-apparent, Rajendra II. The Chalukya king Someshvara I prepared to meet his enemy and a pitched battle was fought at Koppam. The Chola troops were holding the upper hand when Chalukyan archers shot Rajadhiraja mortally wounding him. The Chola troops panicked and began to retreat when Rajendra II, commanding the reserve forces, personally took command of the army and rallying the Chola forces together, inflicted heavy losses on the Chalukya army forcing Someshvara I to flee. Chola sources record that the elephants, horses and camels of the Chalukyas, along with a huge booty and the queens of Someshvara I fell into the hands of the Cholas. Rajendra II, reportedly, crowned himself on the battlefield and erected a victory pillar at Kolhapur before returning to his country.
Identification of Koppam[edit | edit source]
The Manimangalam inscription state that Koppam was a city on "the Great River". Fleet has identified it with Khidrapur, 30 miles south-east of Kolhapur, thereby assuming the "Great River" to be the Krishna, while other historians have identified Koppam with a place near Maski.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 46–49. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Mythic Society (Bangalore, India). The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 88. The Society, 1997. p. 9.
- Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta (2000) [1935]. The Cōlas. Madras: University of Madras.