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{{Short description|Fort in India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}} | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
The fort was likely constructed before 1400, under [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri|Devagiri Yadavs]](1248–1318) and the [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaq]] rulers (1318–1347), Karnala was the capital of the north Konkan districts of their respective empires.<ref name="gazette">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Karnala.html|title=Kolaba District Gazetteer|access-date=2009-02-16}}</ref> It later fell under the command of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] but in 1540 was taken over by Nizam Shah of [[Ahmednagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]]. The Gujarat sultans then requested the help of the Dom Francisco de Menenzes the commanding officer of the [[Portuguese in India|Portuguese]] at [[Vasai|Bassien]] (modern day Vasai) to win it back. He ordered 500 of his soldiers to Karnala fort and they were able to capture it. The fort was left in charge of the Gujarat Sultanate but with Portuguese garrisons.<ref name="port"/> | The fort was likely constructed before 1400, under [[Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri|Devagiri Yadavs]](1248–1318) and the [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaq]] rulers (1318–1347), Karnala was the capital of the north Konkan districts of their respective empires.<ref name="gazette">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/places_Karnala.html|title=Kolaba District Gazetteer|access-date=2009-02-16}}</ref> It later fell under the command of the [[Gujarat Sultanate]] but in 1540 was taken over by Nizam Shah of [[Ahmednagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]]. The Gujarat sultans then requested the help of the Dom Francisco de Menenzes the commanding officer of the [[Portuguese in India|Portuguese]] at [[Vasai|Bassien]] (modern day Vasai) to win it back. He ordered 500 of his soldiers to Karnala fort and they were able to capture it. The fort was left in charge of the Gujarat Sultanate but with Portuguese garrisons.<ref name="port"/> | ||
The Gujarat sultans fled to Vasai, surrendering the fort to the Portuguese. The loss of Karnala enraged Nizam Shah, who sent 5,000 men to reclaim the fort and the surrounding countryside.<ref name="port">{{cite book|last=Danvers|first=Frederick Charles|author-link=Frederic Charles Danvers|title=The Portuguese in India : A.D. 1481-1571|publisher=W.H. and Allen|year=1894|pages=452–453|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhAoAAAAYAAJ&q=karnala+fort&pg=PA453|access-date=2009-02-16}}</ref> The attempt was unsuccessful, and the Portuguese continued to hold the fort. Deciding that the forts of Sangli and Karnala were of little strategic value, however, the Portuguese viceroy agreed to return them to Nizam Shah for an annual payment of Rs. 17,500 (or 5,000 gold Pardoas).<ref name="port"/><ref name="bombay">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Govt Central Press|year=1883|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924070623685/page/n402 387]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924070623685|quote=karnala fort.}}</ref> | The Gujarat sultans fled to Vasai, surrendering the fort to the Portuguese. The loss of Karnala enraged Nizam Shah, who sent 5,000 men to reclaim the fort and the surrounding countryside.<ref name="port">{{cite book|last=Danvers|first=Frederick Charles|author-link=Frederic Charles Danvers|title=The Portuguese in India : A.D. 1481-1571|publisher=W.H. and Allen|year=1894|pages=452–453|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GhAoAAAAYAAJ&q=karnala+fort&pg=PA453|access-date=2009-02-16}}</ref> The attempt was unsuccessful, and the Portuguese continued to hold the fort. Deciding that the forts of Sangli and Karnala were of little strategic value, however, the Portuguese viceroy agreed to return them to Nizam Shah for an annual payment of Rs. 17,500 (or 5,000 gold Pardoas).<ref name="port"/><ref name="bombay">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Govt Central Press|year=1883|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924070623685/page/n402 387]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924070623685|quote=karnala fort.}}</ref> | ||
[[Shivaji | [[Shivaji]] conquered it from the Mughals in 1670 by building [[breastworks]] as he advanced.<ref name="gazette"/> After his death in 1680 it was taken over by [[Aurangzeb]]. After this the Mughals occupied it for some time after which it in 1740 with the rise of the [[Peshwas]] of Pune it went to them. It remained under the command of ''killedar'' (garrison commander) Anantrao<ref>{{cite book|last=Shastri Joshi|first=Venkatesh|title=Vasudeo Balvant Phadke|publisher=D.S. Marathe|year=1959|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq09AAAAIAAJ&q=karnala+fort}}</ref> until a colonel Prother won the fort and established the rule of the British East India Company there in 1818. | ||
== Trekking to the Fort == | == Trekking to the Fort == | ||