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{{Short description|Pakistani fighter pilot and former director-general of the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority}}
{{Short description|Pakistani fighter pilot and former director-general of the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2020}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=November 2020}}
{{Use British English Oxford spelling|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Air vice-marshal|Air Vice Marshal]]
| honorific_prefix = [[Air vice-marshal|Air Vice Marshal]]
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| birth_place  = [[Rangoon]], [[British rule in Burma|Burma]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| birth_place  = [[Rangoon]], [[British rule in Burma|Burma]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_place  = [[Rockville, Maryland|Rockville]], [[Maryland]], [[United States]]
| death_place  = [[Rockville, Maryland|Rockville]], [[Maryland]], [[United States]]
| placeofburial = Maryland National Memorial, U.S.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|date=6 September 2018|title=Tribute to Pakistan Air Force heroes|url=https://nation.com.pk/06-Sep-2018/tribute-to-pakistan-air-force-heros|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909032247/https://nation.com.pk/06-Sep-2018/tribute-to-pakistan-air-force-heros|archive-date=9 September 2019|access-date=29 November 2020|website=The Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Appeals|first=United States Court of|last2=Circuit|first2=District of Columbia|date=1969-12-31|title=864 F2d 868 Hall v. D McLaughlin|url=https://openjurist.org/864/f2d/868/hall-v-d-mclaughlin|language=en|volume=F2d|issue=864|pages=868}}</ref>
| placeofburial = Maryland National Memorial, U.S.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|date=6 September 2018|title=Tribute to Pakistan Air Force heroes|url=https://nation.com.pk/06-Sep-2018/tribute-to-pakistan-air-force-heros|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909032247/https://nation.com.pk/06-Sep-2018/tribute-to-pakistan-air-force-heros|archive-date=9 September 2019|access-date=29 November 2020|website=The Nation|language=en}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last1=Appeals|first1=United States Court of|last2=Circuit|first2=District of Columbia|date=1969-12-31|title=864 F2d 868 Hall v. D McLaughlin|url=https://openjurist.org/864/f2d/868/hall-v-d-mclaughlin|language=en|volume=F2d|issue=864|pages=868}}</ref>
| placeofburial_coordinates = {{coord|39.074|N|76.876|W|display=inline,title}}
| placeofburial_coordinates = {{coord|39.074|N|76.876|W|display=inline,title}}
| nickname      = ''The Heavy Hitter''
| nickname      = ''The Heavy Hitter''
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| battles      = {{bulletedlist|[[World War II]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]|[[Yom Kippur War|1973 Arab-Israeli War]]}}
| battles      = {{bulletedlist|[[World War II]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]|[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]|[[Yom Kippur War|1973 Arab-Israeli War]]}}
| awards        = {{unbulletedlist|{{flagicon image|Hilal-i-Jur'at Pakistan.svg|20px}} [[Hilal-i-Jur'at]] (1948)|{{flagicon image|PAK Sitara-i-Juraat ribbon.svg|20px}} [[Sitara-e-Jurat]] (1965)|{{flagicon image|Hilal-i-Imtiaz Pakistan.svg|20px}} [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]] (1971)}}
| awards        = {{unbulletedlist|{{flagicon image|Hilal-i-Jur'at Pakistan.svg|20px}} [[Hilal-i-Jur'at]] (1948)|{{flagicon image|PAK Sitara-i-Juraat ribbon.svg|20px}} [[Sitara-e-Jurat]] (1965)|{{flagicon image|Hilal-i-Imtiaz Pakistan.svg|20px}} [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz]] (1971)}}
| children      = 2<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 1998|title=BRITISH AVIATOR ERIC GORDON HALL DIES AT 75|language=en-US|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/07/01/british-aviator-eric-gordon-hall-dies-at-75/11e495e6-b11e-4643-a1c4-ef6bf2734270/|url-status=live|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=27 August 2017|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
| children      = 2<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 1998|title=BRITISH AVIATOR ERIC GORDON HALL DIES AT 75|language=en-US|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/07/01/british-aviator-eric-gordon-hall-dies-at-75/11e495e6-b11e-4643-a1c4-ef6bf2734270/|url-status=live|access-date=28 November 2020|archive-date=27 August 2017|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>
| laterwork    = [[Director general|Director-General]], [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority|Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan]]
| laterwork    = [[Director general|Director-General]], [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority|Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan]]
}}
}}
'''Eric Gordon Hall''' {{small|[[Hilal-i-Jur'at|HJ]]}} {{small|[[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}} {{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI]]}} (12 October 1922 – 17 June 1998) was a Pakistani [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] and [[bomber]] [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]], and former [[director general|Director-General]] of the [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority|Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)]]. A [[Two-star rank|two-star general]] in the [[Pakistan Air Force]], Hall had served as the [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Air Staff]] and was one of the most distinguished pilots belonging to the [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christian minority]] who had participated in all of the major [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|India−Pakistan wars]], most notably the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|First Kashmir War]], the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Second Kashmir War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. He had also served as the Director-General of the Pakistan Air Force's Air Force Science Research Laboratories (AFSRL) where he led [[Nuclear weapon|atomic weapons]] research efforts as part of [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|Pakistan's nuclear technology project]].
'''Eric Gordon Hall''' {{small|[[Hilal-i-Jur'at|HJ]]}} {{small|[[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}} {{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI]]}} (12 October 1922 – 17 June 1998) was a Pakistani [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] and [[bomber]] [[Aircraft pilot|pilot]], and former [[director general|Director-General]] of the [[Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority|Civil Aviation Authority (CAA)]]. A [[Two-star rank|two-star general]] in the [[Pakistan Air Force]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-26 |title=Minorities in armed forces |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/2345403/minorities-in-armed-forces |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Hall had served as the [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Air Staff]] and was one of the most distinguished pilots belonging to the [[Christianity in Pakistan|Christian minority]] who had participated in all of the major [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|India−Pakistan wars]], most notably the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948|First Kashmir War]], the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|Second Kashmir War]] and the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. He had also served as the Director-General of the Pakistan Air Force's Air Force Science Research Laboratories (AFSRL) where he led [[Nuclear weapon|atomic weapons]] research efforts as part of [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|Pakistan's nuclear technology project]].


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Hall was born on 12 October 1922 into a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Anglo-Burmese people|Anglo-Burmese]] family in [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[British rule in Burma|Burma]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Myanmar]]). His father was a [[Sapper|combat engineer]] in the [[British Army]], and went [[missing in action]] during the [[Japanese invasion of Burma]] in 1941, shortly after which he was declared dead. Due to the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] invasion and outbreak of war in Burma, the women in Hall's family were [[airlift]]ed to India while the men fled on foot. Arriving in [[Dibrugarh]], [[Northeast India]] a few weeks later, Hall was hospitalized for a short time before he enlisted in the [[Royal Air Force]] and was subsequently [[Burma campaign|deployed to Burma]], where he flew sorties against [[Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan|Japanese forces]] as a [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter pilot.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Halli|first=Sultan M.|date=December 1998|title=PAF’S GALLANT CHRISTIAN HEROES CARRY QUAID’S MESSAGE|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/dec98/christian.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031211112656/http://www.defencejournal.com/dec98/christian.htm|archive-date=11 December 2003|access-date=29 November 2020|website=Defence Journal}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>
Hall was born on 12 October 1922 into a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Anglo-Burmese people|Anglo-Burmese]] family in [[Yangon|Rangoon]], [[British rule in Burma|Burma]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Myanmar]]). His father was a [[Sapper|combat engineer]] in the [[British Army]], and went [[missing in action]] during the [[Japanese invasion of Burma]] in 1941, shortly after which he was declared dead. Due to the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] invasion and outbreak of war in Burma, the women in Hall's family were [[airlift]]ed to India while the men fled on foot. Arriving in [[Dibrugarh]], [[Northeast India]] a few weeks later, Hall was hospitalized for a short time before he enlisted in the [[Royal Air Force]] and was subsequently [[Burma campaign|deployed to Burma]], where he flew sorties against [[Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan|Japanese forces]] as a [[Hawker Hurricane]] fighter pilot.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Halli|first=Sultan M.|date=December 1998|title=PAF'S GALLANT CHRISTIAN HEROES CARRY QUAID'S MESSAGE|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/dec98/christian.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031211112656/http://www.defencejournal.com/dec98/christian.htm|archive-date=11 December 2003|access-date=29 November 2020|website=Defence Journal}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>


During the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Hall opted for the new [[Dominion of Pakistan]], shifting himself and his family to [[Lahore]]. He transferred his service to the [[Royal Pakistan Air Force]], where he continued his military career.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2018|title=Service Record for Air Vice Marshal Eric Gordon Hall 2768 GD(P)|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/2768|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129134924/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/2768|archive-date=29 November 2020|access-date=29 November 2020|website=Bharat Rakshak|language=en-gb|via=[https://archive.org/search.php?query=Eric%20Gordon%20Hall+2768&and%5B%5D=collection%3A%22gazetteofindia%22&sin=TXT&page=1 Gazette of India Archive]}}</ref>
During the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, Hall opted for the new [[Dominion of Pakistan]], shifting himself and his family to [[Lahore]]. He transferred his service to the [[Royal Pakistan Air Force]], where he continued his military career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 July 2018 |title=Service Record for Air Vice Marshal Eric Gordon Hall 2768 GD(P) |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/2768 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129134924/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Database/2768 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=29 November 2020 |website=Bharat Rakshak |language=en-gb |via=Gazette of India Archive}}</ref>


==Commands and diplomatic career==
==Commands and diplomatic career==
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==Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 ==
==Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 ==
Leading up to the outbreak of the Second Kashmir War between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in August 1965, Hall was in command of [[PAF Base Nur Khan]] in [[Chaklala, Rawalpindi|Chaklala]], [[Rawalpindi]] as a [[Group captain|Group Captain]] ([[Colonel]]). Knowing that war was imminent after the failure of the [[Pakistan Army]]'s [[Operation Gibraltar]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], he was conscious of the [[Pakistan Air Force]]'s lack of specialist aircraft. Hall hit upon the idea of converting [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]] transporters into [[heavy bomber]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Group Captain Colonel Eric Gordon Hall (SJ)|url=http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-photos-multimedia/682-wondering-about-pilots.html|work=Pakistan Defence}}
Leading up to the outbreak of the Second Kashmir War between [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] in August 1965, Hall was in command of [[PAF Base Nur Khan]] in [[Chaklala, Rawalpindi|Chaklala]], [[Rawalpindi]] as a [[Group captain|Group Captain]] ([[Colonel]]). Knowing that war was imminent after the failure of the [[Pakistan Army]]'s [[Operation Gibraltar]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], he was conscious of the [[Pakistan Air Force]]'s lack of specialist aircraft. Hall hit upon the idea of converting [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]] transporters into [[heavy bomber]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Group Captain Colonel Eric Gordon Hall (SJ)|url=http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-photos-multimedia/682-wondering-about-pilots.html|work=Pakistan Defence|access-date=27 June 2010|archive-date=4 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304070818/http://www.defence.pk/forums/military-photos-multimedia/682-wondering-about-pilots.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> With some modifications, the [[Military transport aircraft|transport aircraft]] were made capable of carrying up to {{Convert|20000|lbs|kg|abbr=on|order=flip}} of explosive ordinance.
{{Dead link|date=November 2020}}</ref> With some modifications, the [[Military transport aircraft|transport aircraft]] were made capable of carrying up to {{Convert|20000|lbs|kg|abbr=on|order=flip}} of explosive ordinance.


Having conducted trials to test and prove the converted bombers' efficiency, Hall volunteered to lead the first bombing mission over a strategically vital bridge in [[Kathua]], Jammu and Kashmir on 11 September 1965. The mission was fraught with danger as the unarmoured transport-turned-bomber was highly vulnerable to Indian [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoodbhoy|first=Pervez|author-link=Pervez Hoodbhoy|date=12 February 2002|title=The Wages of Obedience: PAF Pilots|url=http://www.chowk.com/interacts/5235/1/1/80|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071214140449/http://www.chowk.com/interacts/5235/1/1/80|archive-date=14 December 2007|access-date=27 June 2010|website=[[Chowk.com|Chowk: India and Pakistan]]|publisher=chowk.com}}
Having conducted trials to test and prove the converted bombers' efficiency, Hall volunteered to lead the first bombing mission over a strategically vital bridge in [[Kathua]], Jammu and Kashmir on 11 September 1965. The mission was fraught with danger as the unarmoured transport-turned-bomber was highly vulnerable to Indian [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoodbhoy|first=Pervez|author-link=Pervez Hoodbhoy|date=12 February 2002|title=The Wages of Obedience: PAF Pilots|url=http://www.chowk.com/interacts/5235/1/1/80|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20071214140449/http://www.chowk.com/interacts/5235/1/1/80|archive-date=14 December 2007|access-date=27 June 2010|website=[[Chowk.com|Chowk: India and Pakistan]]|publisher=chowk.com}}

Revision as of 01:09, 4 October 2022

Air Vice Marshal

Eric Gordon Hall

HJ

SJ

HI
AVM Eric G. Hall in 1965
Native name
ايريک گورڈن حال
Nickname(s)The Heavy Hitter
Born(1922-10-12)12 October 1922
Rangoon, Burma, British India
Died17 June 1998(1998-06-17) (aged 75)
Rockville, Maryland, United States
Buried
Maryland National Memorial, U.S.[1][2]
(39°04′26″N 76°52′34″W / 39.074°N 76.876°W / 39.074; -76.876)
Allegiance
Service/branch
Years of service1943–1977
Rank Air Vice Marshal
Unit No. 6 Squadron
Commands held
Battles/wars
Awards
Children2[3]
Other workDirector-General, Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan

Eric Gordon Hall HJ SJ HI (12 October 1922 – 17 June 1998) was a Pakistani fighter and bomber pilot, and former Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). A two-star general in the Pakistan Air Force,[4] Hall had served as the Vice Chief of Air Staff and was one of the most distinguished pilots belonging to the Christian minority who had participated in all of the major India−Pakistan wars, most notably the First Kashmir War, the Second Kashmir War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. He had also served as the Director-General of the Pakistan Air Force's Air Force Science Research Laboratories (AFSRL) where he led atomic weapons research efforts as part of Pakistan's nuclear technology project.

Early life

Hall was born on 12 October 1922 into a Christian Anglo-Burmese family in Rangoon, Burma, British India (present-day Myanmar). His father was a combat engineer in the British Army, and went missing in action during the Japanese invasion of Burma in 1941, shortly after which he was declared dead. Due to the Japanese invasion and outbreak of war in Burma, the women in Hall's family were airlifted to India while the men fled on foot. Arriving in Dibrugarh, Northeast India a few weeks later, Hall was hospitalized for a short time before he enlisted in the Royal Air Force and was subsequently deployed to Burma, where he flew sorties against Japanese forces as a Hawker Hurricane fighter pilot.[5][1]

During the Partition of India in 1947, Hall opted for the new Dominion of Pakistan, shifting himself and his family to Lahore. He transferred his service to the Royal Pakistan Air Force, where he continued his military career.[6]

Commands and diplomatic career

During his service in the Pakistan Air Force, Hall commanded a number of air bases and also served as the Commandant of the PAF Air War College. In 1960 and the early 1970s, Hall served as a defence and air attaché at the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington D.C.[5]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Leading up to the outbreak of the Second Kashmir War between India and Pakistan in August 1965, Hall was in command of PAF Base Nur Khan in Chaklala, Rawalpindi as a Group Captain (Colonel). Knowing that war was imminent after the failure of the Pakistan Army's Operation Gibraltar in Jammu and Kashmir, he was conscious of the Pakistan Air Force's lack of specialist aircraft. Hall hit upon the idea of converting C-130 Hercules transporters into heavy bombers.[7] With some modifications, the transport aircraft were made capable of carrying up to 9,100 kg (20,000 lb) of explosive ordinance.

Having conducted trials to test and prove the converted bombers' efficiency, Hall volunteered to lead the first bombing mission over a strategically vital bridge in Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir on 11 September 1965. The mission was fraught with danger as the unarmoured transport-turned-bomber was highly vulnerable to Indian anti-aircraft guns.[8] However, the mission's ultimately successful outcome prompted the Pakistani high command to authorize thirteen more strategic bombing runs with converted C-130s, including the precision striking of Indian heavy guns at Attari, on the banks of the BRB Canal. The success of these missions proved that Hall had hit the bullseye with his innovative idea, for which he was awarded the Sitara-e-Jurat by the Government of Pakistan in 1965.[9]

Retirement and migration to the U.S.

Eric Hall sought to retire from his military service in 1977, immediately after the conduction of a successful U235 project. He received an honourable discharge from the Pakistan Air Force in 1978 and was made Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) for the Government of Pakistan, a position he would remain in until the early 1980s.

After seizing power in a coup d'état and establishing a military dictatorship, General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq drafted a new version of the Constitution of Pakistan, and immediately began implementing aggressive Islamist policies. Due to these policies' scrutinization of religious minorities and rising intolerance in Muslim-majority Pakistan, Hall, a Christian, relocated to Maryland in the United States. Settling down in Gaithersburg, he founded Hall Enterprises, Inc. with his wife Marjorie in August 1982.[10][11] The company engaged in the business of importing and exporting Pakistani furniture, giftware and military spare parts. Hall suffered from a stroke in June 1998, after which he died at Shady Grove Adventist Hospital in Rockville, Maryland at the age of 75—he is survived by his wife and two children.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Tribute to Pakistan Air Force heroes". The Nation. 6 September 2018. Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Appeals, United States Court of; Circuit, District of Columbia (31 December 1969). "864 F2d 868 Hall v. D McLaughlin". F2d (864): 868. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ↑ "BRITISH AVIATOR ERIC GORDON HALL DIES AT 75". The Washington Post. 1 July 1998. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 November 2020. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ↑ "Minorities in armed forces". The Express Tribune. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Halli, Sultan M. (December 1998). "PAF'S GALLANT CHRISTIAN HEROES CARRY QUAID'S MESSAGE". Defence Journal. Archived from the original on 11 December 2003. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  6. ↑ "Service Record for Air Vice Marshal Eric Gordon Hall 2768 GD(P)". Bharat Rakshak. 23 July 2018. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020 – via Gazette of India Archive.
  7. ↑ "Group Captain Colonel Eric Gordon Hall (SJ)". Pakistan Defence. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  8. ↑ Hoodbhoy, Pervez (12 February 2002). "The Wages of Obedience: PAF Pilots". Chowk: India and Pakistan. chowk.com. Retrieved 27 June 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  9. ↑ Tellis, Tyrone (9 May 2008). "The Forgotten Few!". The News International. Jang Group of Newspapers. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
  10. ↑ "Eric G. HALL and Hall Enterprises, Inc., Appellants, v. Ann D. McLAUGHLIN, Secretary of Labor, Appellee". OpenJurist. 31 May 2008. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  11. ↑ "Eric Gordon Hall - Pakistan Who's Who". sites.google.com. 15 September 1997. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
Military offices
Preceded by
AVM Patrick Desmond Callaghan 		Deputy Chief of Air Staff, Pakistan Air Force
1971–1974 		Succeeded by
AVM Ehsan Kadir
Preceded by
Position Created 		Director-General, Air Force Science Research Laboratories, Chaklala AFB
1974–1978 		Succeeded by
Dr. Ghulam Dastagir Alam

Template:Recipients of Sitara-e-Jurat Template:Military of Pakistan

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