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Crawford Chamberlain: Difference between revisions
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox military person | {{Infobox military person | ||
|name= Sir Crawford Chamberlain | |name= Sir Crawford Chamberlain | ||
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|nickname= | |nickname= | ||
|allegiance= {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] | |allegiance= {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] | ||
|birth_date=1821 | |birth_date={{Birth date|1821|05|09|df=yes}} | ||
|death_date={{ | |death_date={{Death date and age|1902|12|13|1821|05|09|df=yes}} | ||
|birth_place= | |birth_place= | ||
|death_place= | |death_place= [[Southampton]] | ||
|placeofburial= | |placeofburial= | ||
|serviceyears= | |serviceyears= 1837–1884 | ||
|other work= | |other work= | ||
|spouse={{plain list| | |spouse={{plain list| | ||
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==Afghan and Sikh Wars== | ==Afghan and Sikh Wars== | ||
With the outbreak of the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] in 1839 Chamberlain's active service began. He was present at the [[siege of Ghazni]] (23 July 1839) and at the operations around [[Kandahar]]. In September 1841 he was appointed to the command of the [[5th Janbaz]] cavalry, and in the following month, he became adjutant of [[Christie's horse]]. Until the end of the Afghan campaign, he was engaged in constant heavy fighting.<ref name="DNB"/> | With the outbreak of the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]] in 1839 Chamberlain's active service began. He was present at the [[siege of Ghazni]] (23 July 1839) and at the operations around [[Kandahar]]. In September 1841 he was appointed to the command of the [[5th Janbaz]] cavalry, and in the following month, he became adjutant of [[Christie's horse]]. Until the end of the Afghan campaign, he was engaged in constant heavy fighting.<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
In 1843 Chamberlain was sent to [[Scinde]] with two squadrons of Christie's horse as an independent command, to be known as Chamberlain's horse. In 1845 he was invalided to the [[Cape of Good Hope]], where he married. Next year he returned to India as second in command of the 9th irregular cavalry, into which his own corps had been absorbed. During the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] and the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] he was constantly in action. He was at the [[battle of Chillian walla]] on 13 January 1849, receiving the medal and clasp. On 30 January he was again engaged in the neighbourhood; here he was wounded and was made the subject of a special despatch by [[Lord Gough]] (31 January). At the [[Battle of Gujrat]] on 21 February, he had to be lifted into the saddle, where he remained throughout the day. He was awarded the clasp, was mentioned in despatches, and, being promoted to captain and [[brevet major]] in November 1849, was given the command of the 1st irregular cavalry, formerly [[Skinner's Horse]]. He served with them in the [[Mohmand]] expedition of 1854 and received a medal and clasp.<ref name="DNB"/> | In 1843 Chamberlain was sent to [[Scinde]] with two squadrons of Christie's horse as an independent command, to be known as Chamberlain's horse. In 1845 he was invalided to the [[Cape of Good Hope]], where he married. Next year he returned to India as second in command of the 9th irregular cavalry, into which his own corps had been absorbed. During the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] and the [[Second Anglo-Sikh War]] he was constantly in action. He was at the [[battle of Chillian walla]] on 13 January 1849, receiving the medal and clasp. On 30 January he was again engaged in the neighbourhood; here he was wounded and was made the subject of a special despatch by [[Lord Gough]] (31 January). At the [[Battle of Gujrat]] on 21 February, he had to be lifted into the saddle, where he remained throughout the day. He was awarded the clasp, was mentioned in despatches, and, being promoted to captain and [[brevet major]] in November 1849, was given the command of the 1st irregular cavalry, formerly [[Skinner's Horse]]. He served with them in the [[Mohmand]] expedition of 1854 and received a medal and clasp.<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
==Indian Rebellion of 1857== | ==Indian Rebellion of 1857== | ||
On the outbreak of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]], Chamberlain's men volunteered to shoot condemned rebels at [[Jullundur]] (4 June 1857). He was given the duty of disarming the 62nd and 69th regiments at [[Multan]]. At [[Chichawatni]] (September) Chamberlain was attacked by a superior force of the enemy, and housed his cavalry in a [[caravanserai]]. He held out until he was relieved three days later.<ref name="DNB"/> | On the outbreak of the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]], Chamberlain's men volunteered to shoot condemned rebels at [[Jullundur]] (4 June 1857). He was given the duty of disarming the 62nd and 69th regiments at [[Multan]]. At [[Chichawatni]] (September) Chamberlain was attacked by a superior force of the enemy, and housed his cavalry in a [[caravanserai]]. He held out until he was relieved three days later.<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
For his services, Chamberlain was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. In April 1862 he was made colonel.<ref name="DNB"/> | For his services, Chamberlain was promoted to [[Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)|lieutenant-colonel]]. In April 1862 he was made [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|colonel]].<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
==Later life== | ==Later life== | ||
In 1864 Chamberlain was appointed honorary A.D.C. to the governor-general, and two years later was made [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]], and was included in the first list of twelve officers for good service pension. In 1866, too, he was transferred to the command of the central Indian horse, and next year to the command of the [[Gwalior]] district with the rank of brigadier-general.<ref name="DNB"/> | In 1864 Chamberlain was appointed honorary A.D.C. to the governor-general, and two years later was made [[Companion of the Order of the Star of India]] (CSI), and was included in the first list of twelve officers for good service pension. In 1866, too, he was transferred to the command of the central Indian horse, and next year to the command of the [[Gwalior]] district with the rank of brigadier-general.<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
In 1869 Chamberlain was officiating political agent at Gwalior; from October 1869 to February 1870 he was acting political agent at the court of [[Scindia]] until his promotion to major-general. During his unemployed time as major-general he served on various commissions and courts of inquiry, and from 1874 to 1879 he commanded the Oudh division. He became lieutenant-general in October 1877 and general in January 1880.<ref name="DNB"/> | In 1869 Chamberlain was officiating political agent at Gwalior; from October 1869 to February 1870 he was acting political agent at the court of [[Scindia]] until his promotion to major-general. During his unemployed time as major-general he served on various commissions and courts of inquiry, and from 1874 to 1879 he commanded the Oudh division. He became lieutenant-general in October 1877 and general in January 1880.<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
In 1880 Chamberlain returned to England for the first time since 1837. In 1884 he was retired from the active list. In 1897, on the occasion of Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee, he was made [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]]. He died at his residence, Lordswood, [[Southampton]], on 13 December 1902, and was buried at [[Rownhams]].<ref | In 1880 Chamberlain returned to England for the first time since 1837. In 1884 he was retired from the active list. In 1897, on the occasion of Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee, he was made [[Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (GCIE).<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
He died at his residence, Lordswood, [[Southampton]], on 13 December 1902, and was buried at [[Rownhams]].<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Obituary - General Sir Crawford Chamberlain |date=15 December 1902 |page=6 |issue=36951}}</ref> | |||
==Family== | ==Family== | ||
Chamberlain married twice:<ref name="DNB"/> | Chamberlain married twice:<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
# in 1845, at the Cape, to Elizabeth, daughter of J. de Witt; she died on 19 January 1894; and | # in 1845, at the Cape, to Elizabeth de Witt, daughter of J. de Witt; she died on 19 January 1894; and | ||
# in 1896 to Augusta Margaret, daughter of Major- | # in 1896 to Augusta Margaret Christie, daughter of Major-General John Christie, C.B., who survived him. | ||
There was no issue by either marriage.<ref name="DNB"/> | There was no issue by either marriage.<ref name="DNB"/> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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{{DNB12|wstitle=Chamberlain, Crawford Trotter}} | {{DNB12|wstitle=Chamberlain, Crawford Trotter}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chamberlain, Crawford Trotter}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Chamberlain, Crawford Trotter}} | ||
[[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | [[Category:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire]] | ||