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{{short description|Division of the Indian Army}}
{{short description|Division of the Indian Army}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2009}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name =1st Armoured Division
|image=
|image_size=
|caption=
|start_date={{start date and age|01 September 1945}}
|country={{flagu|India|size=23px}}
|branch={{army|India|size=23px}}
|allegiance=
|command_structure= [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]]
|type= [[Division (military)#Armoured division|Armoured]]
|role=
|size=[[Division (military)#India|Division]]
|garrison=[[Patiala]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/chandigarh/western-command-chief-reviews-preparedness-of-airawat-division-263706|title=Western Command chief reviews preparedness of Airawat Division|date=2021-06-05|access-date=2021-10-27}}</ref>
|ceremonial_chief =
|nickname=''Airawat Division''
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=The [[Indian elephant]]
<!-- Commanders -->
|commander1=
|commander1_label=
|commander2=
|commander2_label=
|commander3=
|commander3_label=
|commander4=
|commander4_label=
|notable_commanders=[[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]]<br/>[[Rajinder Singh Sparrow|Rajinder Singh 'Sparrow']] 
<!-- Battles -->
|battles=[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
|anniversaries =
}}


The '''1st Armoured Division''' is an armoured division of the [[Indian Army]]. It is part of [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]] and is headquartered at Patiala, Punjab. It is part of the [[Indian Army]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]].
The '''1st Armoured Division''' is an armoured division of the [[Indian Army]], headquartered at Patiala, Punjab. It is part of [[II Corps (India)|II Corps]] of the [[Indian Army|Indian Army's]] [[Western Command (India)|Western Command]].


The division was formed when the [[31st Indian Armoured Division]] was redesignated on September 1, 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/armd_divsww2.html |title=Indian Armored Divisions in World War II |date=August 25, 2002 |first=Ravi |last=Rikhye |website=orbat.com |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808125947/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/armd_divsww2.html |archivedate=August 8, 2014}}</ref>
==Formation==
The division was formed when the [[31st Indian Armoured Division]] was re-designated on September 1, 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/armd_divsww2.html |title=Indian Armored Divisions in World War II |date=August 25, 2002 |first=Ravi |last=Rikhye |website=orbat.com |accessdate=April 1, 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808125947/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/armd_divsww2.html |archivedate=August 8, 2022}}</ref>


The 1st Armoured Division was one of two divisional headquarters transferred from the [[British Indian Army]] to the [[Indian Army]] upon the [[partition of British India]] in August 1947.{{refn|group=fn|A third divisional headquarters, of the 4th Indian Division, had become the [[Punjab Boundary Force]].{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=33}}}} At the time it had its divisional headquarters at [[Secunderabad]] and the 43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade away with the [[Punjab Boundary Force]]. In June 1946, the wartime [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]] was redesignated as 1st Armoured Brigade and assigned to 1st Armoured Division.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=166}}
The 1st Armoured Division was one of two divisional headquarters transferred from the [[British Indian Army]] to the [[Indian Army]] upon the [[partition of British India]] in August 1947.{{refn|group=fn|A third divisional headquarters, of the 4th Indian Division, had become the [[Punjab Boundary Force]].{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=33}}}} At the time, it had its divisional headquarters at [[Secunderabad]] and the 43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade away with the [[Punjab Boundary Force]]. In June 1946, the wartime [[255th Indian Tank Brigade]] was redesignated as 1st Armoured Brigade and assigned to 1st Armoured Division.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=166}}


==Operation Polo==
{{Main|Annexation of Hyderabad}}
The division played a major role in [[Operation Polo]], the integration of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] into the Indian Union in 1948. During this time Major General [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]] was serving as the division's commander, also serving as Military Governor of the state in the immediate aftermath of the invasion. For the Hyderabad operation, the division controlled the 1st Armoured Brigade and the 7th and 9th Infantry Brigades.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=35}}
The division played a major role in [[Operation Polo]], the integration of [[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]] into the Indian Union in 1948. During this time Major General [[Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri]] was serving as the division's commander, also serving as Military Governor of the state in the immediate aftermath of the invasion. For the Hyderabad operation, the division controlled the 1st Armoured Brigade and the 7th and 9th Infantry Brigades.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=35}}


The 1st Armoured Division played an important role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. The Division, also nicknamed the 'Black Elephant' or 'Airawat' Division, consisted in 1965 of the 17th Cavalry, [[The Poona Horse]], the 4th Hodson's Horse, the 16th 'Black Elephant' Cavalry, the 7th Light Cavalry, the 2nd Royal Lancers, the 18th Cavalry and the 62nd Cavalry, the two first named being equipped with [[Centurion tank]]s. During the war Major General [[Rajinder Singh Sparrow]] was [[General officer commanding|GOC]] of the Division,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Galleries/Wars/1965/I/0597.jpg.html |title=Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow, MVC, GOC 1st Armoured Division |work=[[Bharat Rakshak]] |accessdate=July 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601235055/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Galleries/Wars/1965/I/0597.jpg.html |archivedate=June 1, 2012}}</ref> he won the [[Mahavir Chakra]] for his role.<ref name=today>{{cite magazine |title=Former Congress (I) MP Rajinder Singh Sparrow passes away: Signposts |magazine=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/former-congressi-mp-rajinder-singh-sparrow-passes-away/1/293312.html |date=May 15, 1994 |accessdate=July 7, 2014}}</ref>
The order of battle (ORBAT) for the division was as follows<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/archives/MONITOR/ISSUE2-3/lns.html|title=Operation Polo: The Liberation Of Hyderabad|date=1999-11-01|access-date=2021-10-27}}</ref>-


After the war the division still consisted of the 1st Armoured Brigade and the [[43rd Indian Infantry Brigade (Lorried)|43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade]]. The Armoured Brigade consisted of the [[16th Cavalry]], [[Hodson's Horse]] and the [[Poona Horse]] equipped with upgraded [[Sherman tank|Sherman]] and [[Centurion tank]]s.
'''Strike Force'''
*9 [[Dogra Regiment|Dogra]]  
*[[1st Horse (Skinner's Horse)|Skinner's Horse]] (minus one squadron)
*1 troop Division HQ Squadron
*Battery 1 Field Regiment (Self Propelled)
*1 Forward Air Control team


The 16th Light Cavalry was also equipped with Centurion tanks. The regiment was the leading element and suffered one officer casualty only. During the 1971 war the 16th's two squadrons stayed in defences, while its A Squadron took part in operations in a supporting role of an infantry brigade in Shakargarh sector and was highly decorated. Three out of the four officers of Alfa Squadron went on to become Lieutenant Generals in the Indian Army.
'''Smash Force''' - 1 Armoured Brigade (Brigadier S.D Verma)
*[[3rd Cavalry Regiment (India)|3 Cavalry]] (minus one squadron)
*[[Poona Horse|17 Horse]] (minus one squadron)
*One troop Skinner's Horse
*1 Field Regiment (less one battery) (Self Propelled)
*2nd Battery [[40 Field Regiment (India)|40 Medium Regiment]]
*One company 9 Dogra


The [[68th Armoured Regiment (India)|68th Armoured Regiment]] was made part of the division on 30 March 1970.
'''Kill Force''' - 7 Infantry Brigade (Brigadier Gurbachan Singh)
*2 [[Sikh Regiment|Sikh]]
*3 [[The Grenadiers|Grenadiers]]
*14 [[Rajput Regiment|Rajput]]
*[[9 (Parachute) Field Regiment (India)|9 Para Field Regiment]]


Following the [[1971 Indo-Pakistani war]], the division was reorganised with the 1st and 43rd Armoured Brigades and relocated in 1972 to Ambala. In 1984, it was reorganized with the 1st, 43rd and 98th Armoured Brigades.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=35}}
'''Vir Force''' - 9 Infantry Brigade (Brigadier Apji Randhir Singh)
*3 [[Punjab Regiment (India)|Punjab]]
*2/[[1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment)|1 Gorkha Rifles]]
*[[34 Field Regiment (India)|34 Anti Tank Regiment]]


The division may also include the [[5th Armoured Regiment (India)|5 Armoured Regiment]]. [[63 Cavalry]] may also be with the 43 Armoured Brigade.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mod.nic.in/Samachar/nov1-20/html/ch12.htm |title=A Trekking Expedition |date=November 1, 2000 |first=D. S. |last=Rawat |website=[[Sainik Samachar]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720012851/http://mod.nic.in/Samachar/nov1-20/html/ch12.htm |archivedate=July 20, 2012}}</ref>
==Indo-Pakistani War of 1965==
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1965}}
The 1st Armoured Division with Major General [[Rajinder Singh Sparrow|Rajinder Singh 'Sparrow']] as the [[General officer commanding|GOC]] played an important role in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. He was awarded the [[Mahavir Chakra]] for his role during the war.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Galleries/Wars/1965/I/0597.jpg.html |title=Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow, MVC, GOC 1st Armoured Division |work=[[Bharat Rakshak]] |accessdate=July 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601235055/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/LAND-FORCES/Army/Galleries/Wars/1965/I/0597.jpg.html |archivedate=June 1, 2022}}</ref><ref name=today>{{cite magazine |title=Former Congress (I) MP Rajinder Singh Sparrow passes away: Signposts |magazine=[[India Today]] |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/former-congressi-mp-rajinder-singh-sparrow-passes-away/1/293312.html |date=May 15, 1994 |accessdate=July 7, 2022}}</ref>
 
The division was part of the [[I Corps (India)|I Corps]] on the western front. The order of battle was as follows<ref>{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Harbaksh |title=War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965|date=2012|publisher= Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=978-8170621171|page=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/battle-of-phillora-1965-war/|title=Battle of Phillora 1965 War|date=2020-10-20|access-date=2021-10-27}}</ref>-
 
'''1 Armoured Division''' (Major General Rajinder Singh)
*'''1 Armoured Brigade''' (Brigadier [[Khem Karan Singh]])
**[[Poona Horse|17 Horse]]
**[[16th Light Cavalry|16 Light Cavalry]]
**[[62 Cavalry (India)|62 Cavalry]] (was also part of other formations)
*'''43 Lorried Infantry Brigade''' (Brigadier HS Dhillon)
**[[2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse)|2 Lancers]]
**8 [[Garhwal Rifles]]
**5 [[Jat Regiment|Jat]]
**5/[[9th Gorkha Rifles|9 Gorkha Rifles]]
*Divisional Reserves
**[[4th Horse (Hodson's Horse)|4 Horse]]
**9 [[Dogra Regiment|Dogra]]
*1 Artillery Brigade (Brigadier [[Om Prakash Malhotra|OP Malhotra]])
*Brigades under temporary operational command
**35 Infantry Brigade (from 9 to 16 September 1965)
**116 Infantry Brigade (from 9 to 12 September 1965)
**58 Infantry Brigade (from 12 to 16 September 1965)
 
The major battles fought by the division include the [[Battle of Phillora]] and the [[Battle of Chawinda]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.claws.in/images/journals_doc/20072578_ArmourOperationsIndoPakconflict1965.pdf|title=Armour Operations:Indo-Pak Conflict 1965|date=|access-date=2021-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/tales-of-valour-the-battle-of-phillora-and-chawinda/702786|title=Tales of Valour: The Battle of Phillora and Chawinda|date=2021-01-04|access-date=2021-10-27}}</ref> At the time of the cease-fire, 1 Corps held around 500 square kilometres of Pakistani territory and had caused substantial damage to the enemy armour. Lieutenant Colonel [[Ardeshir Tarapore|A B Tarapore]], 17 Horse was posthumously awarded the [[Param Vir Chakra]], Major General Rajinder Singh, GOC, 1 Armoured Division, Brig KK Singh, Commander 1 Armoured Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel MMS Bakshi, Commandant 4 Horse,  and Major Bhupinder Singh, 4 Horse were awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1966/O-1662-1966-0007-75752.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 7|date=1966-02-12|access-date=2021-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1966/O-1662-1966-0001-75746.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 1|date=1966-01-01|access-date=2021-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sainiksamachar.nic.in/englisharchives/2015/sep16-15/h2.htm|title=Operations of 1 Corps|date=2015-09-15|access-date=2021-05-01}}</ref>
 
==Indo-Pakistani War of 1971==
{{Main|Indo-Pakistani War of 1971}}
The division was under the [[XI Corps (India)|XI Corps]], but did not see action. The order of battle (ORBAT) for the division was as follows<ref name="Gill 2003">{{cite book|last=Gill|first=JH|title=An Atlas Of 1971 India Pakistan War - Creation of Bangladesh|date=2003|publisher=National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies|page=88}}</ref>-
 
'''1 Armoured Division''' (Major General Gurbachan Singh)
*93 Independent Reconnaissance Squadron (from 65 Armoured Regiment)
*'''1 Armoured Brigade''' (Brigadier N.S. Cheema)
**[[2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse)|2 Lancers]]
**[[65th Armoured Regiment (India)|65 Armoured Regiment]]
**[[67th Armoured Regiment (India)|67 Armoured Regiment]]
**[[68th Armoured Regiment (India)|68 Armoured Regiment]]
(all equipped with [[Vijayanta]] tanks)
*'''43 Lorried Infantry Brigade''' (Brigadier Ramesh Chandra)
**1 [[Madras Regiment|Madras]]
**1 [[Jat Regiment|Jat]]
**1 [[Garhwal Rifles]]
(all equipped with [[OT-62 TOPAS|TOPAS]] armoured personnel carriers)
[[File:1 Armd Division.jpg|thumb|Victory Flame being received by GOC, Airawat Division at Patiala, December 2020.]]
 
==The Present==
Following the [[1971 Indo-Pakistani war]], the division was re-organised with the 1st and 43rd Armoured Brigades and relocated in 1972 to [[Ambala Cantonment|Ambala]]. In 1984, it was reorganized with the 1st, 43rd and 98th Armoured Brigades.{{sfnp|Rinaldi|Rikhye|2011|p=35}} At present, the Divisional Headquarters is located at Patiala as are the 43 and 98 Armoured Brigades. 1 Armoured Brigade is located at [[Nabha]] and 1 Artillery Brigade at Ambala.


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
Line 30: Line 132:
* {{cite book|first1=Richard |last1=Rinaldi |first2=Ravi |last2=Rikhye |title=Indian Army Order of Battle |publisher=General Data LLC |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-98205-417-8 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{cite book|first1=Richard |last1=Rinaldi |first2=Ravi |last2=Rikhye |title=Indian Army Order of Battle |publisher=General Data LLC |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-98205-417-8 |name-list-style=amp}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:1st Armoured Division (India)}}
[[Category:Divisions of the Indian Army]]
[[Category:Divisions of the Indian Army]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1945]]

Revision as of 14:51, 30 July 2022


1st Armoured Division
Founded01 September 1945; 80 years ago (01 September 1945)
Country India
Branch Indian Army
TypeArmoured
SizeDivision
Part ofII Corps
Garrison/HQPatiala[1]
Nickname(s)Airawat Division
Mascot(s)The Indian elephant
EngagementsIndo-Pakistani War of 1965
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
Rajinder Singh 'Sparrow'

The 1st Armoured Division is an armoured division of the Indian Army, headquartered at Patiala, Punjab. It is part of II Corps of the Indian Army's Western Command.

Formation

The division was formed when the 31st Indian Armoured Division was re-designated on September 1, 1945.[2]

The 1st Armoured Division was one of two divisional headquarters transferred from the British Indian Army to the Indian Army upon the partition of British India in August 1947.[fn 1] At the time, it had its divisional headquarters at Secunderabad and the 43rd Lorried Infantry Brigade away with the Punjab Boundary Force. In June 1946, the wartime 255th Indian Tank Brigade was redesignated as 1st Armoured Brigade and assigned to 1st Armoured Division.[4]

Operation Polo

Main article: Annexation of Hyderabad

The division played a major role in Operation Polo, the integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1948. During this time Major General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri was serving as the division's commander, also serving as Military Governor of the state in the immediate aftermath of the invasion. For the Hyderabad operation, the division controlled the 1st Armoured Brigade and the 7th and 9th Infantry Brigades.[5]

The order of battle (ORBAT) for the division was as follows[6]-

Strike Force

  • 9 Dogra
  • Skinner's Horse (minus one squadron)
  • 1 troop Division HQ Squadron
  • Battery 1 Field Regiment (Self Propelled)
  • 1 Forward Air Control team

Smash Force - 1 Armoured Brigade (Brigadier S.D Verma)

  • 3 Cavalry (minus one squadron)
  • 17 Horse (minus one squadron)
  • One troop Skinner's Horse
  • 1 Field Regiment (less one battery) (Self Propelled)
  • 2nd Battery 40 Medium Regiment
  • One company 9 Dogra

Kill Force - 7 Infantry Brigade (Brigadier Gurbachan Singh)

Vir Force - 9 Infantry Brigade (Brigadier Apji Randhir Singh)

Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

The 1st Armoured Division with Major General Rajinder Singh 'Sparrow' as the GOC played an important role in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. He was awarded the Mahavir Chakra for his role during the war.[7][8]

The division was part of the I Corps on the western front. The order of battle was as follows[9][10]-

1 Armoured Division (Major General Rajinder Singh)

The major battles fought by the division include the Battle of Phillora and the Battle of Chawinda.[11][12] At the time of the cease-fire, 1 Corps held around 500 square kilometres of Pakistani territory and had caused substantial damage to the enemy armour. Lieutenant Colonel A B Tarapore, 17 Horse was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra, Major General Rajinder Singh, GOC, 1 Armoured Division, Brig KK Singh, Commander 1 Armoured Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel MMS Bakshi, Commandant 4 Horse, and Major Bhupinder Singh, 4 Horse were awarded the Maha Vir Chakra.[13][14][15]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The division was under the XI Corps, but did not see action. The order of battle (ORBAT) for the division was as follows[16]-

1 Armoured Division (Major General Gurbachan Singh)

(all equipped with Vijayanta tanks)

(all equipped with TOPAS armoured personnel carriers)

File:1 Armd Division.jpg
Victory Flame being received by GOC, Airawat Division at Patiala, December 2020.

The Present

Following the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war, the division was re-organised with the 1st and 43rd Armoured Brigades and relocated in 1972 to Ambala. In 1984, it was reorganized with the 1st, 43rd and 98th Armoured Brigades.[5] At present, the Divisional Headquarters is located at Patiala as are the 43 and 98 Armoured Brigades. 1 Armoured Brigade is located at Nabha and 1 Artillery Brigade at Ambala.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ A third divisional headquarters, of the 4th Indian Division, had become the Punjab Boundary Force.[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Western Command chief reviews preparedness of Airawat Division". 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  2. ↑ Rikhye, Ravi (August 25, 2002). "Indian Armored Divisions in World War II". orbat.com. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2012. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; August 8, 2014 suggested (help)
  3. ↑ Rinaldi & Rikhye (2011), p. 33.
  4. ↑ Rinaldi & Rikhye (2011), p. 166.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rinaldi & Rikhye (2011), p. 35.
  6. ↑ "Operation Polo: The Liberation Of Hyderabad". 1999-11-01. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  7. ↑ "Major General Rajinder Singh Sparrow, MVC, GOC 1st Armoured Division". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; June 1, 2012 suggested (help)
  8. ↑ "Former Congress (I) MP Rajinder Singh Sparrow passes away: Signposts". India Today. May 15, 1994. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
  9. ↑ Singh, Harbaksh (2012). War Despatches: Indo-Pak Conflict 1965. Lancer Publishers LLC. ISBN 978-8170621171.
  10. ↑ "Battle of Phillora 1965 War". 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  11. ↑ "Armour Operations:Indo-Pak Conflict 1965" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  12. ↑ "Tales of Valour: The Battle of Phillora and Chawinda". 2021-01-04. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  13. ↑ "Gazette of India, No 7" (PDF). 1966-02-12. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  14. ↑ "Gazette of India, No 1" (PDF). 1966-01-01. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  15. ↑ "Operations of 1 Corps". 2015-09-15. Retrieved 2021-05-01.
  16. ↑ Gill, JH (2003). An Atlas Of 1971 India Pakistan War - Creation of Bangladesh. National Defense University, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies. p. 88.
Bibliography
  • Rinaldi, Richard & Rikhye, Ravi (2011). Indian Army Order of Battle. General Data LLC. ISBN 978-0-98205-417-8.
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