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{{Short description|Type of ICBM}} | {{Short description|Type of ICBM}} | ||
{{further|Agni (missile)}} | {{further|Agni (missile)}} | ||
{{Use British English|date= | {{Use British English|date=December 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} | ||
{{Infobox weapon | {{Infobox weapon | ||
| name = Agni-V | | name = Agni-V | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| propellant = [[Solid fuel]] | | propellant = [[Solid fuel]] | ||
| unit_cost = {{INRConvert|50|c|0}}<ref name=IN2day>{{cite news|title=India has all the building blocks for an anti-satellite capability|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/agni-v-drdo-chief-dr-vijay-kumar-saraswat-interview/1/186248.html|access-date=12 August 2012|newspaper=India today}}</ref> | | unit_cost = {{INRConvert|50|c|0}}<ref name=IN2day>{{cite news|title=India has all the building blocks for an anti-satellite capability|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/agni-v-drdo-chief-dr-vijay-kumar-saraswat-interview/1/186248.html|access-date=12 August 2012|newspaper=India today}}</ref> | ||
| weight = 50000- | | weight = 50000-56000 kg<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2288105.ece |title=Preparations apace for Agni V launch |author=T.S. Subramanian |date=23 July 2011 |newspaper=The Hindu |access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
| speed = '''Terminal phase: '''{{convert|24|Mach|km/h mph km/s}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120416/main2.htm |title=India's most potent missile Agni V all set for launch |author=Raj Chengappa |date=16 April 2012 |work=The Tribune |access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> | | speed = '''Terminal phase: '''{{convert|24|Mach|km/h mph km/s}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120416/main2.htm |title=India's most potent missile Agni V all set for launch |author=Raj Chengappa |date=16 April 2012 |work=The Tribune |access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
| vehicle_range = * {{convert|5500|km}}<ref name=IExpress/> (official) | | vehicle_range = * {{convert|5500|km}}<ref name=IExpress/> (official) | ||
* {{convert|8000|km}}<ref name="csis">{{cite web |title=Agni-5 |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/agni-5/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-497 |website=Missile Threat |publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="NYT 2018">{{Cite news| | * {{convert|8000|km}}<ref name="csis">{{cite web |title=Agni-5 |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/agni-5/#easy-footnote-bottom-3-497 |website=Missile Threat |publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |access-date=30 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="NYT 2018">{{Cite news|last1=Schultz|first1=Kai|last2=Kumar|first2=Hari|date=2018-01-18|title=India Tests Ballistic Missile, Posing New Threat to China (Published 2018)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/world/asia/india-ballistic-missile-icbm.html|access-date=2020-10-30|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=chineseCL/> (alleged) | ||
| filling = [[Strategic nuclear weapon]] | | filling = [[Strategic nuclear weapon]] | ||
| filling_weight = {{convert|1500|kg}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Canister-storage-gives-N-capable-Agni-V-missile-flexibility/articleshow/12739130.cms |title=Canister storage gives N-capable Agni-V missile flexibility |author=Rajat Pandit |date=20 April 2012 |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 April 2012}}</ref> | | filling_weight = {{convert|1500|kg}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Canister-storage-gives-N-capable-Agni-V-missile-flexibility/articleshow/12739130.cms |title=Canister storage gives N-capable Agni-V missile flexibility |author=Rajat Pandit |date=20 April 2012 |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
| steering = | | steering = | ||
| launch_platform = 8 × 8 Tatra [[transporter erector launcher |TEL]] and rail mobile launcher (canisterised missile package) <ref name="Hindu 8nov">Y. Mallikarjun, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220104204/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/27/stories/2008112759741200.htm Agni-V design completed; to be test-fired in 2010], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 27 November 2008</ref> | | launch_platform = 8 × 8 Tatra [[transporter erector launcher |TEL]] and rail mobile launcher (canisterised missile package) <ref name="Hindu 8nov">Y. Mallikarjun, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220104204/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/27/stories/2008112759741200.htm Agni-V design completed; to be test-fired in 2010], ''[[The Hindu]]'', 27 November 2008</ref> | ||
| accuracy = | | accuracy = <30 m [[Circular error probable|CEP]]<ref name=thin2oct13>{{cite news|title=Agni-V vital: Tessy Thomas|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/agniv-vital-tessy-thomas/article5191824.ece|access-date=23 October 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="capsindia.org"/> | ||
| transport = Road | | transport = Road | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Agni-V''' | '''Agni-V''' is a nuclear capable intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) of India. The missile is believed to have a range of around 5,000 to 5,500 kilometers. Chinese researchers allege that the missile has the range of 8,000 kilometers. It is a three-stage, road-mobile and solid-fueled intercontinental ballistic missile which is transported by a truck and launched via a canister. | ||
==Development== | ==Development== | ||
Agni V is primarily for enhancing India's nuclear deterrence against China. Until recently, the longest range missile India had was [[Agni-III]], with a range of 3000–3500 km. If launched from central India this range was not sufficient to reach targets on the extreme eastern and northeastern region of China. Most of the important economic centers of China lay on its eastern seaboard.<ref name="capsindia.org">{{Cite web|url=http://capsindia.org/files/documents/ISSUE-BRIEF_49_LONGER-REACH-AND-ENABLING-MORE-OPERATIONS_30-April-2012.pdf|title=Longer Reach and Enabling More Options: AGNI V|date=30 April 2012|website=[[Centre for Air Power Studies (India)|Centre for Air Power Studies]]|access-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> | Agni V is primarily for enhancing India's nuclear deterrence against China. Until recently, the longest range missile India had was [[Agni-III]], with a range of 3000–3500 km. If launched from central India this range was not sufficient to reach targets on the extreme eastern and northeastern region of China. Most of the important economic centers of China lay on its eastern seaboard.<ref name="capsindia.org">{{Cite web|url=http://capsindia.org/files/documents/ISSUE-BRIEF_49_LONGER-REACH-AND-ENABLING-MORE-OPERATIONS_30-April-2012.pdf|title=Longer Reach and Enabling More Options: AGNI V|date=30 April 2012|website=[[Centre for Air Power Studies (India)|Centre for Air Power Studies]]|access-date=2 November 2019|archive-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305112835/http://capsindia.org/files/documents/ISSUE-BRIEF_49_LONGER-REACH-AND-ENABLING-MORE-OPERATIONS_30-April-2012.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
Senior defence scientist M. Natarajan disclosed in 2007 that [[DRDO]] was working on an upgraded version of the [[Agni-III|Agni III]], known as the Agni-V, and that it would be ready in 4 years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://content.msn.co.in/News/National/NationalPreT_260907_2316.htm?WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished | title = Next variant of Agni to be inducted within 4 years: Scientist | access-date =26 September 2007 | author = Press Trust of India }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The missile was to have a range of more than {{convert|5000|km}}.<ref name=foreignpolicy>{{cite news|title=Don't Even Think About It|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/07/13/dont_even_think_about_it|access-date=23 February 2012|newspaper=Foreign-policy}}</ref> | Senior defence scientist M. Natarajan disclosed in 2007 that [[DRDO]] was working on an upgraded version of the [[Agni-III|Agni III]], known as the Agni-V, and that it would be ready in 4 years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://content.msn.co.in/News/National/NationalPreT_260907_2316.htm?WBCMODE=PresentationUnpublished | title = Next variant of Agni to be inducted within 4 years: Scientist | access-date =26 September 2007 | author = Press Trust of India }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The missile was to have a range of more than {{convert|5000|km}}.<ref name=foreignpolicy>{{cite news|title=Don't Even Think About It|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/07/13/dont_even_think_about_it|access-date=23 February 2012|newspaper=Foreign-policy}}</ref> | ||
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It was estimated that the missile will be operational by 2014 to 2015 after four to five repeatable tests.<ref name="IExpress"/><ref name=DN474>{{cite news|title=DRDO Lab Develops Detonator for Nuclear Capable Agni-V Missile As It Gets Ready For Launch |url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/474/drdo-lab-develops-detonator-for-nuclear-capable-agni-v-missile-as-it-gets-ready-for-launch.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122074527/http://www.defencenow.com/news/474/drdo-lab-develops-detonator-for-nuclear-capable-agni-v-missile-as-it-gets-ready-for-launch.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 January 2012 |newspaper=Defencenow |date=17 January 2012 }}</ref><ref name="toi"/> Indian authorities believed that the solid-fuelled Agni-V is more than adequate to meet current threat perceptions and security concerns. Even with a range of only 5,000 km, the Agni-V could hit any target in China, including Beijing.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ | title=India | Countries | NTI}}</ref> | It was estimated that the missile will be operational by 2014 to 2015 after four to five repeatable tests.<ref name="IExpress"/><ref name=DN474>{{cite news|title=DRDO Lab Develops Detonator for Nuclear Capable Agni-V Missile As It Gets Ready For Launch |url=http://www.defencenow.com/news/474/drdo-lab-develops-detonator-for-nuclear-capable-agni-v-missile-as-it-gets-ready-for-launch.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122074527/http://www.defencenow.com/news/474/drdo-lab-develops-detonator-for-nuclear-capable-agni-v-missile-as-it-gets-ready-for-launch.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 January 2012 |newspaper=Defencenow |date=17 January 2012 }}</ref><ref name="toi"/> Indian authorities believed that the solid-fuelled Agni-V is more than adequate to meet current threat perceptions and security concerns. Even with a range of only 5,000 km, the Agni-V could hit any target in China, including Beijing.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nti.org/learn/countries/india/delivery-systems/ | title=India | Countries | NTI}}</ref> | ||
The missile will allow India to strike targets across Asia and into Europe.<ref name="toi" /><ref name="splfe">{{cite journal|first=Naresh|last=Chand|title=India's Strategic Deterrence Reaches New Heights|journal=SP's Land Forces|date=June–July 2012|volume=9|issue=9|pages=11|url=http://go.epublish4me.com/ebook/ebook?id=10023802|access-date=24 May 2013}}</ref> The missile's range will allow the Indian military to target all of China from Agni-V bases, in central and southern India, further away from China. The missile is also likely to be similar to other missiles of the range of 10,000 km.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Indian nuclear forces, 2017 |first1=Hans M.|last1=Kristensen|first2=Robert S.|last2=Norris|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=73|issue=4|pages=205–209|doi=10.1080/00963402.2017.1337998|year = 2017|doi-access=free}}</ref> The missile was designed to be easy to transport by road, through the utilisation of a canister-launch missile system, which is distinct from those of the earlier [[Agni (missile)|Agni]] missiles.<ref name="toi28376198" /> Agni-V would also carry [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]] (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles) payloads being concurrently developed. A single MIRV equipped missile can deliver multiple warheads at different targets.<ref name="mirv">{{cite news|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|date=21 April 2012|title=No intention to cap missile plan|newspaper=Business Standard|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/no-intention-to-cap-missile-plan/472153/|access-date=21 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424154701/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/no-intention-to-cap-missile-plan/472153/|archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> | The missile will allow India to strike targets across Asia and into Europe.<ref name="toi" /><ref name="splfe">{{cite journal|first=Naresh|last=Chand|title=India's Strategic Deterrence Reaches New Heights|journal=SP's Land Forces|date=June–July 2012|volume=9|issue=9|pages=11|url=http://go.epublish4me.com/ebook/ebook?id=10023802|access-date=24 May 2013}}</ref> The missile's range will allow the Indian military to target all of China from Agni-V bases, in central and southern India, further away from China. The missile is also likely to be similar to other missiles of the range of 10,000 km.<ref name="auto">{{cite journal |title=Indian nuclear forces, 2017 |first1=Hans M.|last1=Kristensen|first2=Robert S.|last2=Norris|journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|volume=73|issue=4|pages=205–209|doi=10.1080/00963402.2017.1337998|year = 2017|bibcode=2017BuAtS..73d.205K|doi-access=free}}</ref> The missile was designed to be easy to transport by road, through the utilisation of a canister-launch missile system, which is distinct from those of the earlier [[Agni (missile)|Agni]] missiles.<ref name="toi28376198" /> Agni-V would also carry [[Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle|MIRV]] (multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles) payloads being concurrently developed. A single MIRV equipped missile can deliver multiple warheads at different targets.<ref name="mirv">{{cite news|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|date=21 April 2012|title=No intention to cap missile plan|newspaper=Business Standard|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/no-intention-to-cap-missile-plan/472153/|access-date=21 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424154701/http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/no-intention-to-cap-missile-plan/472153/|archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
With a launch mass of around {{convert|50|t}} and a development cost of over {{INRConvert|2500|c|0}}, Agni-V incorporated advanced technologies involving [[ring laser gyroscope]] and accelerometer for navigation and guidance. It took its first stage from Agni-III, with a modified second stage and a miniaturised third stage enabling it to fly distance of {{convert|5000|km}}. The second and third stage are completely made of composite material to reduce weight.<ref name="mirv" /> With a canister-launch system to impart higher road mobility, the missile, will give the armed forces much greater operational flexibility than the earlier-generation of Agni missiles. According to a source, the accuracy levels of Agni-V and the Agni-IV (3800 km [2375 mi]), with their better guidance and navigation systems, are far higher than Agni-I ({{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=x| [|]}}), Agni-II ({{convert|2000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=x| [|]}}) and Agni-III ({{convert|3000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=x| [|]}}).<ref name="toi">{{cite news|last=Rajat|first=Pandit|title=Decks cleared for first test of 5000-km range Agni-V missile|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-24/india/31095102_1_agni-v-canister-launch-dong-feng-31a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424133128/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-24/india/31095102_1_agni-v-canister-launch-dong-feng-31a|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2012|access-date=10 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 February 2012}}</ref> According to the Project Director of Agni V, [[Tessy Thomas]], the missile achieved single-digit accuracy in its second test.<ref name="thin2oct13" /> | With a launch mass of around {{convert|50|t}} and a development cost of over {{INRConvert|2500|c|0}}, Agni-V incorporated advanced technologies involving [[ring laser gyroscope]] and accelerometer for navigation and guidance. It took its first stage from Agni-III, with a modified second stage and a miniaturised third stage enabling it to fly distance of {{convert|5000|km}}. The second and third stage are completely made of composite material to reduce weight.<ref name="mirv" /> With a canister-launch system to impart higher road mobility, the missile, will give the armed forces much greater operational flexibility than the earlier-generation of Agni missiles. According to a source, the accuracy levels of Agni-V and the Agni-IV (3800 km [2375 mi]), with their better guidance and navigation systems, are far higher than Agni-I ({{convert|700|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=x| [|]}}), Agni-II ({{convert|2000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=x| [|]}}) and Agni-III ({{convert|3000|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=x| [|]}}).<ref name="toi">{{cite news|last=Rajat|first=Pandit|title=Decks cleared for first test of 5000-km range Agni-V missile|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-24/india/31095102_1_agni-v-canister-launch-dong-feng-31a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424133128/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-24/india/31095102_1_agni-v-canister-launch-dong-feng-31a|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2012|access-date=10 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 February 2012}}</ref> According to the Project Director of Agni V, [[Tessy Thomas]], the missile achieved single-digit accuracy in its second test.<ref name="thin2oct13" /> | ||
=== Deployment === | === Deployment === | ||
According to media reports that cite official sources, the missile was being deployed by [[Strategic Forces Command]] as of July 2018.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-most-potent-missile-agni-v-to-be-inducted-soon-1876035|title=Agni V Missile That Can Reach Chinese Cities To Be Inducted Soon: Sources|last=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=1 July 2018|website=[[NDTV]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820033413/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-most-potent-missile-agni-v-to-be-inducted-soon-1876035|archive-date=20 August 2019|access-date=2019-10-19}}</ref><ref name="TOI deployed">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/as-nuclear-sub-arihant-returns-after-first-deterrence-patrol-indias-nuclear-triad-complete/articleshow/66515624.cms|title=Nuclear submarine INS Arihant completes patrol, | According to media reports that cite official sources, the missile was being deployed by [[Strategic Forces Command]] as of July 2018.<ref name="ndtv">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-most-potent-missile-agni-v-to-be-inducted-soon-1876035|title=Agni V Missile That Can Reach Chinese Cities To Be Inducted Soon: Sources|last=[[Press Trust of India]]|date=1 July 2018|website=[[NDTV]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820033413/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indias-most-potent-missile-agni-v-to-be-inducted-soon-1876035|archive-date=20 August 2019|access-date=2019-10-19}}</ref><ref name="TOI deployed">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/as-nuclear-sub-arihant-returns-after-first-deterrence-patrol-indias-nuclear-triad-complete/articleshow/66515624.cms|title=Nuclear submarine INS Arihant completes patrol, country's N-triad operational|date=5 November 2018|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=2019-09-28}}</ref> After the sixth test of Agni-V in June 2018 the missile has been inducted into the Strategic Forces Command of the Indian Armed Forces. .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/china-capable-agni-v-just-one-test-away-from-joining-arsenal-118060400008_1.html|title=China-capable Agni-V just one test away from joining arsenal|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|date=2018-06-04|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref> | ||
==Testing== | ==Testing== | ||
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=== Sixth test launch === | === Sixth test launch === | ||
On 3 June 2018, a sixth test launch of Agni-V was successfully conducted from [[Abdul Kalam Island]] at 09.45 IST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179728|title=Agni-5 missile Successfully Tested|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-06-03}}</ref> It was the sixth missile test since 2012 and was a "precision launch". The [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Indian Ministry of Defence]] stated that the radars, electro-tracking stations, and telemetry stations tracked the vehicle throughout the course.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Cebul|first1=Daniel|title=What tech was used in | On 3 June 2018, a sixth test launch of Agni-V was successfully conducted from [[Abdul Kalam Island]] at 09.45 IST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=179728|title=Agni-5 missile Successfully Tested|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-06-03}}</ref> It was the sixth missile test since 2012 and was a "precision launch". The [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Indian Ministry of Defence]] stated that the radars, electro-tracking stations, and telemetry stations tracked the vehicle throughout the course.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Cebul|first1=Daniel|title=What tech was used in India's nuclear-capable ICBM test launch?|url=http://www.defensenews.com/space/2018/06/07/what-tech-was-used-in-indias-nuclear-capable-icbm-test-launch/|magazine=[[Defense News]]|date=7 June 2018}}</ref> | ||
=== Seventh test launch === | === Seventh test launch === | ||
On 10 December 2018, a seventh test launch of Agni-V was successfully conducted from the Launching Complex-IV of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Abdul Kalam Island at about 1.30 pm. This was for the first time that the missile was test-fired in a [[lofted trajectory]]. The missile blasted off from a hermetically sealed canister and covered nearly 2,041 km. This lofted trajectory flight was used to determine whether it followed the perfect flight path with close to zero error. This trial completed the Agni-V pre-induction trials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/dec/11/successful-test-of--agni-v-leads-way-to-induction-in-indian-army-1909997.html|title=Successful test of Agni-V leads way to induction in Indian Army|date=11 December 2018|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref> | On 10 December 2018, a seventh test launch of Agni-V was successfully conducted from the Launching Complex-IV of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Abdul Kalam Island at about 1.30 pm. This was for the first time that the missile was test-fired in a [[lofted trajectory]]. The missile blasted off from a hermetically sealed canister and covered nearly 2,041 km. This lofted trajectory flight was used to determine whether it followed the perfect flight path with close to zero error. This trial completed the Agni-V pre-induction trials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2018/dec/11/successful-test-of--agni-v-leads-way-to-induction-in-indian-army-1909997.html|title=Successful test of Agni-V leads way to induction in Indian Army|date=11 December 2018|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref> | ||
===User | ===User Trials=== | ||
As part of user trial, Agni-5 was successfully launched on October 27, 2021 from Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agni-5 ICBM Successfully Launched by India|url=https://www.indrastra.com/2021/10/agni-5-icbm-successfully-launched-by-india.html|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.indrastra.com}}</ref> According to [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), the test was in line with India’s credible minimum deterrence policy with the commitment to ‘[[No first use|No First Use]]’.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-27|title=India successfully test-fires surface-to-surface ballistic missile Agni-5|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-successfully-test-fires-agni-5-missile-7594048/|access-date=2021-10-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> | As part of user trial, Agni-5 was successfully launched on October 27, 2021 and December 15, 2022 from Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Agni-5 ICBM Successfully Launched by India|url=https://www.indrastra.com/2021/10/agni-5-icbm-successfully-launched-by-india.html|access-date=2021-10-31|website=www.indrastra.com}}</ref> According to [[Ministry of Defence (India)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), the test was in line with India’s credible minimum deterrence policy with the commitment to ‘[[No first use|No First Use]]’.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-27|title=India successfully test-fires surface-to-surface ballistic missile Agni-5|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-successfully-test-fires-agni-5-missile-7594048/|access-date=2021-10-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> | ||
=== Night Trial === | |||
As part of night trial, Agni-5 was successfully launched on 15 December 2022. The test was to validate new technologies and equipment on the missile. The launch also proved that the missile can hit targets further away than before.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Som |first=Vishnu |date=15 December 2022 |title=Days After China Clash, Agni V Successfully Tested, It Can Reach Beijing |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-conducts-night-trials-of-nuclear-capable-agni-v-ballistic-missile-3610126 |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=NDTV}}</ref> | |||
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
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===Range=== | ===Range=== | ||
The DRDO chief [[V. K. Saraswat]] initially declined to disclose the exact range of Agni-V.<ref name="Deccan"/> Later, however, he described Agni V as a missile with a range of 5,500–5,800 km. Du Wenlong, a researcher at China's [[PLA Academy of Military Sciences]], told ''[[Global Times]]'' that the missile has a range of around {{convert|8000|km}}.<ref name="NYT 2018"/><ref name="capsindia.org"/><ref name="IExpress">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/missile-defence-system-ready-for-induction-drdo-chief/942650/|title=Missile defence system ready for induction: DRDO chief|date=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=1 May 2012}}</ref> Wenlong also said that the Indian government had deliberately downplayed the missile's capability in order to avoid causing concern to other countries.<ref name=chineseCL>{{cite news|title=Agni-V can reach targets 8,000 km away: Chinese researcher |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Agni-V-can-reach-targets-8000-km-away-Chinese-researcher/articleshow/12742984.cms |access-date=20 April 2012 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 April 2012 |author=IANS |place=Beijing |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421005310/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Agni-V-can-reach-targets-8000-km-away-Chinese-researcher/articleshow/12742984.cms |archive-date=21 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India downplaying Agni- | The DRDO chief [[V. K. Saraswat]] initially declined to disclose the exact range of Agni-V.<ref name="Deccan"/> Later, however, he described Agni V as a missile with a range of 5,500–5,800 km. Du Wenlong, a researcher at China's [[PLA Academy of Military Sciences]], told ''[[Global Times]]'' that the missile has a range of around {{convert|8000|km}}.<ref name="NYT 2018"/><ref name="capsindia.org"/><ref name="IExpress">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/missile-defence-system-ready-for-induction-drdo-chief/942650/|title=Missile defence system ready for induction: DRDO chief|date=28 April 2012|newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=1 May 2012}}</ref> Wenlong also said that the Indian government had deliberately downplayed the missile's capability in order to avoid causing concern to other countries.<ref name=chineseCL>{{cite news|title=Agni-V can reach targets 8,000 km away: Chinese researcher |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Agni-V-can-reach-targets-8000-km-away-Chinese-researcher/articleshow/12742984.cms |access-date=20 April 2012 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 April 2012 |author=IANS |place=Beijing |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421005310/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/Agni-V-can-reach-targets-8000-km-away-Chinese-researcher/articleshow/12742984.cms |archive-date=21 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India downplaying Agni-V's potential: Chinese expert|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/india-downplaying-agni-vs-potential-chinese-expert-282176.html|access-date=20 April 2012|newspaper=First Post}}</ref> The exact range of the Agni-V missile is classified.<ref name="Deccan">{{cite news|title=Agni V can launch mini-satellites too|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/243544/agni-v-can-launch-mini.html|access-date=21 April 2012|newspaper=Deccan Herald|date=21 April 2012|author=DHNS|place=New Delhi}}</ref> ''[[Business Standard]]'' reported that the range of Agni-V can be increased if needed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-launches-5-000-km-range-agni-5-missile-successfully-112042002020_1.html|title=India launches 5,000-km range Agni-5 missile successfully|last=Shukla|first=Ajai|date=2012-04-20|work=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=2019-10-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190625034521/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-launches-5-000-km-range-agni-5-missile-successfully-112042002020_1.html|archive-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> | ||
=== Guidance and control === | === Guidance and control === | ||
A [[ring laser gyroscope]] based [[inertial navigation system]] (RLG-INS) is primarily responsible for guiding the Agni-V to its target. However, Agni-V is equipped with another guidance system called micro inertial navigation system (MINGS) as a backup. These are capable of interacting with Indian and non-Indian satellite navigation systems. Both of these systems have been developed by the [[Research Centre Imarat]]. Agni V uses a [[system on chip]] (SOC) based on-board computer (OBC) whose weight is around 200 grams for control and guidance. All stages of the missile have [[nozzle]]-based control systems.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Saurav|date=2018-01-18|title=Successful Pre-induction Trial of | A [[ring laser gyroscope]] based [[inertial navigation system]] (RLG-INS) is primarily responsible for guiding the Agni-V to its target. However, Agni-V is equipped with another guidance system called micro inertial navigation system (MINGS) as a backup. These are capable of interacting with Indian and non-Indian satellite navigation systems. Both of these systems have been developed by the [[Research Centre Imarat]]. Agni V uses a [[system on chip]] (SOC) based on-board computer (OBC) whose weight is around 200 grams for control and guidance. All stages of the missile have [[nozzle]]-based control systems.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Saurav|date=2018-01-18|title=Successful Pre-induction Trial of India's Agni-V Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Takes It Closer To Deployment|url=http://delhidefencereview.com/2018/01/18/successful-pre-induction-trial-of-indias-agni-v-intercontinental-ballistic-missile-takes-it-closer-to-deployment/|access-date=2020-10-31|website=Delhi Defence Review|language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
===Mobility=== | ===Mobility=== | ||
[[File:Agni-V missile during rehearsal of Republic Day Parade 2013.jpg|thumb|Agni-V on a road-mobile vehicle during rehearsal of Republic Day parade in 2013]] | [[File:Agni-V missile during rehearsal of Republic Day Parade 2013.jpg|thumb|Agni-V on a road-mobile vehicle during rehearsal of Republic Day parade in 2013]] | ||
"The Agni-5 is specially tailored for road-mobility," explained Avinash Chander, Director, ASL. "With the canister having been successfully developed, all India's future land-based strategic missiles will be canisterised as well."<ref name="ref1"/> The missile will utilise a canister and will be launched from it. Made of [[maraging steel]], a canister must provide a hermetically sealed atmosphere that preserves the missile for years. During firing, the canister must absorb enormous stresses when a thrust of {{convert|300|to|400|t}} is generated to eject the {{convert|50|t}} missile.<ref name="ref1"/> | "The Agni-5 is specially tailored for road-mobility," explained Avinash Chander, Director, ASL. "With the canister having been successfully developed, all India's future land-based strategic missiles will be canisterised as well."<ref name="ref1"/> The missile will utilise a canister and will be launched from it. Made of [[maraging steel]], a canister must provide a hermetically sealed atmosphere that preserves the missile for years. During firing, the canister must absorb enormous stresses when a thrust of {{convert|300|to|400|t-f|kN}} is generated to eject the {{convert|50|t|lb}} missile.<ref name="ref1"/> | ||
If the missile is ejected using a gas generator from the canister, then the missile could be launched from any pre-surveyed launch | If the missile is ejected using a gas generator from the canister, then the missile could be launched from any pre-surveyed launch | ||
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The launcher, which is known as the Transport-cum-Tilting vehicle-5, is a 140-ton, 30-metre, 7-axle trailer pulled by a 3-axle Volvo truck (DRDO Newsletter 2014). The canister design "will reduce the reaction time drastically...just a few minutes from 'stop-to-launch | The launcher, which is known as the Transport-cum-Tilting vehicle-5, is a 140-ton, 30-metre, 7-axle trailer pulled by a 3-axle Volvo truck (DRDO Newsletter 2014). The canister design "will reduce the reaction time drastically...just a few minutes from 'stop-to-launch | ||
’<ref | ’<ref name="auto"/> | ||
===Anti-satellite version=== | ===Anti-satellite version=== | ||
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As of 2012, the primary module for MIRV was in an advanced stage of development. It will be deployed when deemed necessary, according to officials.<ref name="mirv" /> | As of 2012, the primary module for MIRV was in an advanced stage of development. It will be deployed when deemed necessary, according to officials.<ref name="mirv" /> | ||
The MIRV capability of Agni-V has been tested indirectly in a discreet manner, according to [[Bharat Karnad]], who was involved in drafting India's nuclear doctrine. Karnad states that the MIRV capability of the missile's guidance system on chip (SOC) was tested during the multi-satellite [[PSLV]] launch on 25 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Karnad|first=Bharat|title=Why India is Not a Great Power (yet)|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780199459223|pages= | The MIRV capability of Agni-V has been tested indirectly in a discreet manner, according to [[Bharat Karnad]], who was involved in drafting India's nuclear doctrine. Karnad states that the MIRV capability of the missile's guidance system on chip (SOC) was tested during the multi-satellite [[PSLV]] launch on 25 February 2013.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Karnad|first=Bharat|title=Why India is Not a Great Power (yet)|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780199459223|pages=375–376|chapter=Military Infirmities and Strengths}}</ref> | ||
==Reactions to testing== | ==Reactions to testing== | ||
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*{{flagu|United Kingdom}} – The [[BBC]] reported that the launch marked the moment India joined an "elite nuclear club" that also included China, Russia, France, the US, the UK and possibly Israel.<ref name="bbcrep"/> | *{{flagu|United Kingdom}} – The [[BBC]] reported that the launch marked the moment India joined an "elite nuclear club" that also included China, Russia, France, the US, the UK and possibly Israel.<ref name="bbcrep"/> | ||
*{{flagu|United States}} – The United States stated that India boasted of an excellent non-proliferation record and that it had engaged with the international community on such issues.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/india-has-a-solid-nonproliferation-record-us%E2%80%8E-280530.html | title=India has a solid non-proliferation record: US | work=First Post| date=19 April 2012 | access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> A US State Department spokesman said, "We urge all nuclear-capable states to exercise restraint regarding nuclear capabilities. That said, India has a solid non-proliferation record."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/20/world/asia/india-says-it-successfully-tests-nuclear-capable-missile.html?_r=3&hp |title=India, Eye on China, Tests Missile With Longer Range |author=Heather Timmons and Jim Yardley |date=19 April 2012 |work=The New York Times|access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> Moreover, responding to comparisons with [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3|North Korea's attempted launch of a long-range rocket that same week]], [[Jay Carney]] said that, "India's record stands in stark contrast to that of North Korea, which has been subject to numerous sanctions, as you know, by the United Nations Security Council."<ref name=Google>{{cite news|title=India missile test has few critics, unlike NKorea |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jRj66ICXThTxXDc5ngYGynLWXWJw?docId=179301bd1e9e4ce39b29105d4703562e |newspaper=Associated Press |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=19 April 2012 |author=Ravi Nessman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421233136/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jRj66ICXThTxXDc5ngYGynLWXWJw?docId=179301bd1e9e4ce39b29105d4703562e |archive-date=21 April 2012 }}</ref> | *{{flagu|United States}} – The United States stated that India boasted of an excellent non-proliferation record and that it had engaged with the international community on such issues.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/india-has-a-solid-nonproliferation-record-us%E2%80%8E-280530.html | title=India has a solid non-proliferation record: US | work=First Post| date=19 April 2012 | access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> A US State Department spokesman said, "We urge all nuclear-capable states to exercise restraint regarding nuclear capabilities. That said, India has a solid non-proliferation record."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/20/world/asia/india-says-it-successfully-tests-nuclear-capable-missile.html?_r=3&hp |title=India, Eye on China, Tests Missile With Longer Range |author=Heather Timmons and Jim Yardley |date=19 April 2012 |work=The New York Times|access-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> Moreover, responding to comparisons with [[Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3|North Korea's attempted launch of a long-range rocket that same week]], [[Jay Carney]] said that, "India's record stands in stark contrast to that of North Korea, which has been subject to numerous sanctions, as you know, by the United Nations Security Council."<ref name=Google>{{cite news|title=India missile test has few critics, unlike NKorea |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jRj66ICXThTxXDc5ngYGynLWXWJw?docId=179301bd1e9e4ce39b29105d4703562e |newspaper=Associated Press |date=19 April 2012 |access-date=19 April 2012 |author=Ravi Nessman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421233136/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jRj66ICXThTxXDc5ngYGynLWXWJw?docId=179301bd1e9e4ce39b29105d4703562e |archive-date=21 April 2012 }}</ref> | ||
: A Washington-based think tank has claimed that the US is supportive of India's efforts to close missile gap with China and is comfortable with the progress being made by New Delhi in this regard. Lisa Curtis, senior research fellow for South Asia, and Baker Spring, research fellow in National Security Policy, at [[The Heritage Foundation]], a conservative think tank said in a commentary, "The lack of US condemnation of India's latest missile test demonstrates that the US is comfortable with Indian progress in the nuclear and missile fields and appreciates India's need to meet the emerging strategic challenge posed by rising China". "It is telling that no country has criticised India's missile test", the US experts wrote.<ref name=IExpress2>{{cite news|title=US supports India closing missile gap with China: Think tank|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/us-supports-india-closing-missile-gap-with-china-think-tank/940824/|access-date=1 May 2012|newspaper=IndianExpress News Service|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> "The US change in position with regard to Indian missile capabilities demonstrates how far the US-India relationship has evolved over the last decade", Curtis and Spring said.<ref name=toi2442012>{{cite news|title=US appreciates India closing missile gap with China|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/india/31391744_1_nuclear-capable-missile-test-nuclear-deterrence|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120426103944/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/india/31391744_1_nuclear-capable-missile-test-nuclear-deterrence|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2012|access-date=1 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> | : A Washington-based think tank has claimed that the US is supportive of India's efforts to close missile gap with China and is comfortable with the progress being made by New Delhi in this regard. Lisa Curtis, senior research fellow for South Asia, and Baker Spring, research fellow in National Security Policy, at [[The Heritage Foundation]], a [[conservative think tank]] said in a commentary, "The lack of US condemnation of India's latest missile test demonstrates that the US is comfortable with Indian progress in the nuclear and missile fields and appreciates India's need to meet the emerging strategic challenge posed by rising China". "It is telling that no country has criticised India's missile test", the US experts wrote.<ref name=IExpress2>{{cite news|title=US supports India closing missile gap with China: Think tank|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/us-supports-india-closing-missile-gap-with-china-think-tank/940824/|access-date=1 May 2012|newspaper=IndianExpress News Service|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> "The US change in position with regard to Indian missile capabilities demonstrates how far the US-India relationship has evolved over the last decade", Curtis and Spring said.<ref name=toi2442012>{{cite news|title=US appreciates India closing missile gap with China|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/india/31391744_1_nuclear-capable-missile-test-nuclear-deterrence|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120426103944/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-24/india/31391744_1_nuclear-capable-missile-test-nuclear-deterrence|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2012|access-date=1 May 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=24 April 2012}}</ref> | ||
===International organisations=== | ===International organisations=== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
{{Portal|Nuclear technology}} | {{Portal|India|Rocketry|Nuclear technology|Spaceflight}} | ||
{{aircontent | {{aircontent | ||
|see also= | |see also= | ||