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{{Short description|Private university in Chicago, Illinois}}
{{use American English|date=August 2020}}
{{use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox university
{{Infobox university
| name                 = University of Chicago
| name = The University of Chicago
| image                = University of Chicago shield.svg
| image_name = Rosenwald-Hall-Szmurlo.jpg
| image_upright         = 0.6
| image_upright = 0.6
| latin_name           = Universitas Chicaginiensis
| caption = Julius Rosenwald Hall
| motto                 = {{lang|la|Crescat scientia; vita excolatur}} ([[Latin]])
| latin_name = Universitas Chicaginiensis
| mottoeng             = "Let knowledge grow from more to more; and so be human life enriched."<ref name="About">{{cite web |title=About the University |year=2019 |publisher=The University of Chicago |url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/ |access-date=November 24, 2019}}</ref>
| motto = ''Crescat scientia; vita excolatur'' ([[Latin]])
| established           = {{start date and age|1890}}<ref name="About"/>
| mottoeng = Let knowledge grow from more to more; and so be human life enriched<ref name="About">{{cite web |title = About the University |year=2019 |publisher=The University of Chicago |url = https://www.uchicago.edu/about/|accessdate=July 2, 2019 }}</ref>
| type                 = [[Private university|Private]] [[research university]]
| established = 1890<ref name="About"/>
| accreditation        = [[Higher Learning Commission|HLC]]
| type = [[Private university|Private]]
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[Association of American Universities|AAU]]|[[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]|[[Universities Research Association|URA]]|[[National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program|Space-grant]]}}
| academic_affiliations = [[Association of American Universities|AAU]]<br />[[National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities|NAICU]]<br>[[Universities Research Association|URA]]
| endowment             = $11.6 billion (2021)<ref>As of June 30, 2021. {{cite web |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/university-chicago-endowment-ended-fy21-116-billion |date=November 8, 2021 |title=University of Chicago endowment ended FY21 at $11.6 billion &#124; University of Chicago News }}</ref>
| endowment = $7.928 billion (2018)<ref>As of June 30, 2018. {{cite web |url=https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/research/2018-Endowment-Market-Values--Final.pdf |title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2017 to FY 2018 |publisher=National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute |year= 2018 |access-date=2019-07-02}}</ref>
| president             = [[A. Paul Alivisatos]]
| president = [[Robert J. Zimmer]]
| provost               = [[Ka Yee Christina Lee]]
| provost = [[Daniel Diermeier]]
| students             = 18,452
| students = 16,445
| undergrad             = 7,559<ref name="About"/>
| undergrad = 6,286<ref name="About"/>
| postgrad             = 10,893<ref name="About"/>
| postgrad = 10,159<ref name="About"/>
| faculty               = 2,859<ref name="UC DATA">{{cite web |url=https://data.uchicago.edu/at_a_glance.php?cid=16&pid=2&sel=atg |title=Faculty and Staff, at a glance |work=University of Chicago Data |publisher=University of Chicago |access-date=March 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331053902/https://data.uchicago.edu/at_a_glance.php?cid=16&pid=2&sel=atg |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| faculty = 2,859<ref name="UC DATA">{{cite web |url=https://data.uchicago.edu/at_a_glance.php?cid=16&pid=2&sel=atg |title=Faculty and Staff, at a glance |work=University of Chicago Data |publisher=University of Chicago |accessdate=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331053902/https://data.uchicago.edu/at_a_glance.php?cid=16&pid=2&sel=atg |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| administrative_staff  = 15,949 (including employees of [[University of Chicago Medical Center|The University of Chicago Medical Center]])<ref name="UC DATA" />
| staff = 15,949 (including employees of the [[University of Chicago Medical Center]])<ref name="UC DATA" />
| city                 = [[Chicago]]
| city = [[Chicago]]
| state                 = [[Illinois]]
| state = [[Illinois]]
| country               = United States
| country = United States
| coor                  = {{Coord|41|47|23|N|87|35|59|W|type:edu_region:US-IL|display=inline,title}}
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br />{{convert|217|acre|ha|1}} (Main Campus)<ref name="ffj">{{cite web |title = About the University |publisher = The University of Chicago |url = https://www.uchicago.edu/about/ |access-date = October 14, 2017 }}</ref> {{Coord|41|47|23|N|87|35|59|W|type:edu_region:US-IL|display=inline,title}}
| campus                = Large City,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=chicago&s=all&pg=3&id=144050|title=IPEDS-University of Chicago}}</ref> {{convert|217|acre|ha|1}} (main campus)<ref name="About"/><br />Warren Woods Ecological Field Station, [[Warren Woods State Park]], {{convert|42|acre|ha|1}}<ref>{{cite web |title = University of Chicago opens groundbreaking sustainable field station |url = https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/08/01/university-chicago-opens-groundbreaking-sustainable-field-station |website = The University of Chicago |access-date = July 8, 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160314221523/http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/08/01/university-chicago-opens-groundbreaking-sustainable-field-station |archive-date = March 14, 2016 |url-status = live }}</ref><br />
<br />{{convert|42|acre|ha|1}} (Warren Woods Ecological Field Station, [[Warren Woods State Park]])<ref>{{cite web |title = University of Chicago opens groundbreaking sustainable field station |url = https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/08/01/university-chicago-opens-groundbreaking-sustainable-field-station |website=The University of Chicago |access-date=July 8, 2015 }}</ref><br/>{{convert|30|acre|ha|1}} ([[Yerkes Observatory]])
| sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Division III]] – [[University Athletic Association|UAA]]
| sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Division III]] – [[University Athletic Association|UAA]]
| colors               = {{color box|#800000}} Maroon<ref>{{cite manual |url = https://news.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/_uchicago.identity.guidelines.pdf |title = The University of Chicago Identity Guidelines |access-date = September 18, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181025174347/https://news.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/_uchicago.identity.guidelines.pdf |archive-date = October 25, 2018 |url-status = live }}</ref>
| colors = Maroon and White<ref>{{cite manual |url = https://news.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/_uchicago.identity.guidelines.pdf |title=The University of Chicago Identity Guidelines |accessdate=September 18, 2018}}</ref><br/>{{color box|#800000}}&nbsp;{{color box|#FFFFFF}}
| sports_nickname      = [[Chicago Maroons|Maroons]]
| nickname = [[Chicago Maroons|Maroons]]
| mascot               = Phil the Phoenix
| mascot = Phil the Phoenix
| website               = {{url|www.uchicago.edu}}
| website = {{url|www.uchicago.edu}}
| logo                 = University of Chicago wordmark.svg
| logo = University of Chicago wordmark.svg
| logo_upright          = 1.0
| logo_size = 251
| free_label            = Newspaper
| free                  = ''[[The Chicago Maroon]]''
}}
}}
The '''University of Chicago''' is a [[university]] in [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]], [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. It started when the American [[Baptist]] Education Society used money from [[John D. Rockefeller]] to build it. The [[university]] began in 1890. William Rainey Harper was the university's first president in 1891. The first classes were held in 1892.


The '''University of Chicago''' ('''UChicago''') is a [[private university|private]] [[research university]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]]. Founded in 1890, its main campus is located in Chicago's [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]] neighborhood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/|title=About the University|last1=AvenueChicago|first1=The University of ChicagoEdward H. Levi Hall5801 South Ellis|last2=Us|first2=Illinois 60637773 702 1234 Contact|website=The University of Chicago|language=en|access-date=2019-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402142958/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/|archive-date=April 2, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In Fall 2021, it enrolled 18,452 students, including 7,559 undergraduates and 10,893 graduate students.<ref name="About" />
== Background ==
Many people think it is one of the best [[universities]] in the world. Its [[students]] get a strong [[liberal arts]] [[education]]. The university also does important [[research]] work. Some of this research work is for the [[United States]] [[government]].


The university is composed of [[College of the University of Chicago|an undergraduate college]] and five graduate research divisions, which contain all of the university's graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees. Chicago has eight professional schools: the [[University of Chicago Law School|Law School]], the [[Booth School of Business]], the [[Pritzker School of Medicine]], the [[Crown Family School of Social Work, Policy, and Practice]], the [[Harris School of Public Policy]], the [[University of Chicago Divinity School|Divinity School]], the [[Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies]], and the [[Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago|Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering]]. The university has additional campuses and centers in [[London]], [[Paris]], [[Beijing]], [[Delhi]], and [[Hong Kong]], as well as in downtown Chicago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://global.uchicago.edu/|title=UChicago Global {{!}} The University of Chicago|website=global.uchicago.edu|access-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331050304/https://global.uchicago.edu/|archive-date=March 31, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagobooth.edu/about/locations/gleacher|title=Downtown Campus - Gleacher Center|website=The University of Chicago Booth School of Business|language=en|access-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331054902/https://www.chicagobooth.edu/about/locations/gleacher|archive-date=March 31, 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The university is known for providing good education in [[economics]] (the study of the [[economy]]), [[linguistics]] (the study of [[language]]), [[social science]] (the study of [[society]]), and [[mathematics]] (the study of [[numbers]]). Physicists at the University of Chicago built the world's first man-made, self-sustaining [[nuclear reaction]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Nuclear Technology|last=Angelo|first=Joseph A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITfaP-xY3LsC&dq=uchicago%20nuclear%20reaction%20first%20-site%3Awikipedia.org&pg=PP1|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=1-57356-336-6|date=November 30, 2004|page=1}}</ref> The university spends $472 million on sponsored research each year.


The University of Chicago is ranked among the best universities in the world<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-17|title=University of Chicago|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-chicago|access-date=2020-05-14|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Chicago Ranking 2019-2020 - Center for World University Rankings (CWUR)|url=https://cwur.org/2019-2020/University-of-Chicago.php|access-date=2020-05-14|website=cwur.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Chicago Rankings|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/node/2274/ranking-details/world-university-rankings/2013|access-date=2020-05-14|website=Top Universities|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=University of Chicago - US News Best Global Universities|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-chicago-144050|access-date=14 May 2020|website=US News & World Report}}</ref> and it is among the most selective in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Wong, Alia|date=April 10, 2019|title=College-Admissions Hysteria Is Not the Norm {{!}} The Atlantic|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/04/harvard-uchicago-elite-colleges-are-anomaly/586627/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-05|website=www.theatlantic.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Smith, Justin|title=Acceptance Rate Drops to Record Low 5.9 Percent for Class of 2023 {{!}} Chicago Maroon|url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2019/4/1/uchicago-acceptance-rate-drops-record-low/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-05|website=www.chicagomaroon.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Hoover, Eric|title=An Ultra-Selective College Dropped the ACT/SAT. And Then What? {{!}} The Chronicle of Higher Education|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/an-ultra-selective-college-dropped-the-act-sat-and-then-what/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-01-05|website=www.chronicle.com}}</ref> Its scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including economics, law, literary criticism, mathematics, physics, religion, sociology, and political science, establishing the [[Chicago school (disambiguation)|Chicago schools]]<!--intentional link to DAB page--> in various fields.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=November 28, 2017|title=Chicago school (sociology)|url=https://en/w/index.php?title=Chicago_school_(sociology)&oldid=812623189|language=en}}{{dead link|date=September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://encyclo.findlaw.com/0200book.pdf|title=History of Law and Economics|publisher=University of Montreal|access-date=August 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122231309/http://encyclo.findlaw.com/0200book.pdf|archive-date=November 22, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/497151/study-of-religion/38081/The-Chicago-school?anchor=ref420416|title=The Chicago School|publisher=Britanica Academic Edition|access-date=October 12, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122084743/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/497151/study-of-religion/38081/The-Chicago-school?anchor=ref420416|archive-date=November 22, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Building the Chicago School|last=Hanson|first=John Mark|url=http://www.apsanet.org/imgtest/apsrnov06heaney_hansen.pdf|access-date=February 6, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116033711/http://apsanet.org/imgtest/APSRNov06Heaney_Hansen.pdf|archive-date=January 16, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Zygmund.html|title=Antoni Zygmund (1900-1992)|website=www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk|access-date=2019-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220170331/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Zygmund.html|archive-date=February 20, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Chicago's [[Metallurgical Laboratory]] produced the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction in [[Chicago Pile-1]] beneath the viewing stands of the university's [[Stagg Field]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Nuclear Technology|last=Angelo|first=Joseph A.|url=https://archive.org/details/nucleartechnolog0000ange|url-access=registration|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=1-57356-336-6 |doi=10.1336/1573563366|date=November 30, 2004|page=[https://archive.org/details/nucleartechnolog0000ange/page/n16 1]}}</ref>  Advances in chemistry led to the "radiocarbon revolution" in the [[radiocarbon dating|carbon-14 dating]] of ancient life and objects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Radiocarbon Dating |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/radiocarbon-dating.html |website=American Chemical Society |language=en |access-date=2020-05-17}}</ref> The university research efforts include administration of [[Fermilab|Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory]] and [[Argonne National Laboratory]], as well as the [[Marine Biological Laboratory]]. The university is also home to the [[University of Chicago Press]], the largest [[List of university presses|university press]] in the United States.<ref name="press">{{cite web |title=Duffy is named Director of the University Press |date=April 27, 2000 |publisher=The University of Chicago Chronicle |url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/000427/duffy.shtml |access-date=April 30, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224021149/http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/000427/duffy.shtml |archive-date=February 24, 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The University of Chicago has had about 90 [[Nobel Prize]] winners.<ref name="nobel">{{cite web|url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/resources/nobel/|title=University of Chicago Nobel Laureates, University of Chicago Nobel Laureates|accessdate=October 13, 2011}}</ref> (The Nobel Prize is received for using one's intelligence to contribute meaningfully to society.)


The University of Chicago's students, faculty, and staff include [[List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation|101 Nobel laureates]], among the highest of any university in the world. The university's [[List of University of Chicago people|faculty members and alumni]] also include 10 Fields Medalists,<ref>{{cite web |title=Fields Medal |url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/14/ |publisher=University of Chicago |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> 4 Turing Award winners, 52 [[MacArthur Fellows Program|MacArthur Fellows]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/18/|title=MacArthur Fellows|website=The University of Chicago|access-date=July 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706173343/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/18/|archive-date=July 6, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 26 [[Marshall Scholars]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics |title=Statistics |publisher=Marshallscholarship.org |access-date=January 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126211334/http://www.marshallscholarship.org/about/statistics |archive-date=January 26, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> 53 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rhodes Scholarships|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/|access-date=2021-11-27|website=www.uchicago.edu|language=en}}</ref> 27 [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/24/|title=Pulitzer Prize Winners|access-date=April 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419120810/https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/24/|archive-date=April 19, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> 20 [[National Humanities Medal]]ists,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/20/|title=National Humanities Medalists|access-date=April 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319090912/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/20/|archive-date=March 19, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 29&nbsp;living billionaire graduates,<ref name="Janhavi Kumar Sapra">{{cite news|date=August 19, 2020|title=Wealth-X Billionaire Census 2018|work=Wealth-X|url=https://www.wealthx.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Wealth-X_Billionaire_Census_2018.pdf|access-date=August 19, 2020}}</ref> and [[List of American universities with Olympic medals|eight Olympic medalists]].
== Types of schools ==
 
The university has six graduate professional schools:
== History ==
* Divinity School
{{Main|History of the University of Chicago}}
* [[Chicago]] Booth School of Business
[[File:Uchicago convocation 1894.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.15|An early [[convocation]] ceremony at the University of Chicago.]]
* Law School
 
* Pritzker School of [[Medicine]]
===Early years===
* Harris School of Public Policy Studies
 
* School of Social Service Administration.
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Chicago, University of|the founding and early years}}{{Further|Old University of Chicago}}
The University of Chicago was incorporated as a [[Mixed-sex education|coeducational]]<ref name="goodspeed">{{cite book | last = Goodspeed | first = Thomas Wakefield | title = A History of the University of Chicago | url = https://archive.org/details/ahistoryunivers00goodgoog | publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]] | year = 1916 | location = Chicago| isbn = 0-226-30367-5}}</ref>{{rp|137}} institution in 1890 by the [[American Baptist Churches USA|American Baptist Education Society]], using $400,000 donated to the ABES to supplement a $600,000 donation from [[Standard Oil]] co-founder [[John D. Rockefeller]],<ref>{{cite journal | title  =The Decennial Publications of the University of Chicago | journal = Science | volume = 1 | issue = 501 | year = 1903 | publisher = The [[University of Chicago Press]] | location = Chicago | url = https://archive.org/details/decennialpublic01chicgoog | page = 498| bibcode = 1904Sci....20..187. | doi = 10.1126/science.20.501.187 }}</ref> and including land donated by [[Marshall Field]].<ref>{{cite web | title = History | publisher = University of Chicago | url = https://www.uchicago.edu/about/history.shtml | access-date = May 26, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110526175937/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/history.shtml | archive-date = May 26, 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref> While the Rockefeller donation provided money for academic operations and long-term endowment, it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings. The [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]] campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like [[Silas B. Cobb]] who provided the funds for the campus' first building, [[Cobb Lecture Hall]], and matched Marshall Field's pledge of $100,000. Other early benefactors included businessmen [[Charles L. Hutchinson]] (trustee, treasurer and donor of [[Hutchinson Commons]]), [[Martin A. Ryerson]] (president of the board of trustees and donor of the Ryerson Physical Laboratory) [[Adolphus Clay Bartlett]] and Leon Mandel, who funded the construction of the gymnasium and assembly hall, and George C. Walker of the Walker Museum, a relative of Cobb who encouraged his inaugural donation for facilities.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/webexhibits/building/buildings.html | title= The University of Chicago and its Donors, 1889–1930 | publisher= University of Chicago | access-date= November 28, 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151109182601/http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/webexhibits/building/buildings.html | archive-date= November 9, 2015 | url-status= live }}</ref>
 
The Hyde Park campus continued the legacy of the original university of the same name, which had closed in the 1880s after its campus was foreclosed on.<ref name="frederick"/>  What became known as the [[Old University of Chicago]] had been founded by a small group of [[Baptists in the United States|Baptist]] educators in 1856 through a land endowment from Senator [[Stephen A. Douglas]].  After a fire, it closed in 1886.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ead/pdf/olduofc-0002-002.pdf|title=Agreement Between Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Burroughs (1856), Folder 2, Box 3, Old University of Chicago Records, Special Collections, University of Chicago.|website=UChicago.edu|access-date=June 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905081325/https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ead/pdf/olduofc-0002-002.pdf|archive-date=September 5, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>  Alumni from the Old University of Chicago are recognized as alumni of the present University of Chicago.<ref>John Boyer, ''The University of Chicago: A History'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 58–59.</ref> The university's depiction on its coat of arms of a phoenix rising from the ashes is a reference to the fire, foreclosure, and demolition of the Old University of Chicago campus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ead/pdf/olduofc-0009-004.pdf |title=Old University of Chicago Records, Folder 4, Box 9, Special Collections, University of Chicago. |access-date=June 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922051000/https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/ead/pdf/olduofc-0009-004.pdf |archive-date=September 22, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> As an homage to this pre-1890 legacy, a single stone from the rubble of the original Douglas Hall on 34th Place was brought to the current Hyde Park location and set into the wall of the Classics Building. These connections have led the dean of the college and University of Chicago and professor of history John Boyer to conclude that the University of Chicago has, "a plausible genealogy as a pre–Civil War institution".<ref>John Boyer, ''The University of Chicago: A History'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 59.</ref>
 
[[William Rainey Harper]] became the university's president on July 1, 1891, and the Hyde Park campus opened for classes on October 1, 1892.<ref name="frederick">{{cite book | last= Rudolph | first= Frederick | title=The American College and University: A History | publisher=Knopf | year=1962 | page=351 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3se-H1Y_l7kC&pg=PA351 | isbn= 978-0-8203-1284-2}}</ref>  Harper worked on building up the faculty and in two years he had a faculty of 120, including eight former university or college presidents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dept.harpercollege.edu/library/archives/williamraineyharper.html |title=Harper College Archives – Wiliiam Rainey Harper |last=Firestein |first=Martin |website=Harper College Library Archives |access-date=September 21, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109055914/http://dept.harpercollege.edu/library/archives/williamraineyharper.html |archive-date=November 9, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Harper was an accomplished scholar ([[Semiticist]]) and a member of the Baptist clergy who believed that a great university should maintain the study of faith as a central focus.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://divinity.uchicago.edu/history-and-mission#sthash.FRbXtlNP.dpuf | title= History and Mission, The University of Chicago Divinity School | access-date= May 20, 2016 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160607193124/http://divinity.uchicago.edu/history-and-mission#sthash.FRbXtlNP.dpuf | archive-date= June 7, 2016 | url-status= dead }}</ref> To fulfill this commitment, he brought the Baptist seminary that had begun as an independent school "alongside" the Old University of Chicago and separated from the old school decades earlier to Morgan Park. This became the [[University of Chicago Divinity School|Divinity School]] in 1891, the first professional school at the University of Chicago.<ref name="goodspeed" />{{rp|20–22}}
 
Harper recruited acclaimed Yale baseball and football player [[Amos Alonzo Stagg]] from the [[YMCA|Young Men's Christian Association]] training school at [[Springfield College (Massachusetts)|Springfield]] to coach the school's football program. Stagg was given a position on the faculty, the first such athletic position in the United States. While coaching at the university, Stagg invented the numbered football jersey, the huddle, and the lighted playing field.  Stagg is the namesake of the university's [[Stagg Field]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muscular Christianity|last=Ladd|first=Tony|publisher=Bridgepoint Books|year=1999|isbn=0-8010-5847-3|location=Grand Rapids, MI|pages=[https://archive.org/details/muscularchristia0000ladd/page/65 65]|url=https://archive.org/details/muscularchristia0000ladd/page/65}}</ref>
 
The [[Booth School of Business|business school]] was founded in 1898,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobooth.edu/about/history.aspx|title=Chicago Booth History|publisher=University of Chicago Booth School of Business|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602073840/http://www.chicagobooth.edu/about/history.aspx|archive-date=June 2, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[University of Chicago Law School|law school]] was founded in 1902.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.uchicago.edu/school/history|title=History of the Law School|publisher=University of Chicago Law School|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728070908/http://www.law.uchicago.edu/school/history|archive-date=July 28, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Harper died in 1906<ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.uchicago.edu/history/harper.shtml|title=History of the Office:William Rainey Harper|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028122502/http://president.uchicago.edu/history/harper.shtml|archive-date=October 28, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.uchicago.edu/history/|title=History of the Office|publisher=University of Chicago|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912004333/http://president.uchicago.edu/history/|archive-date=September 12, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> During this period, the [[Oriental Institute, Chicago|Oriental Institute]] was founded to support and interpret [[archeological]] work in what was then called the Near East.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/history/|title=A Brief History of the Oriental Institute|publisher=The Oriental Institute|quote=Since its establishment in 1919, The Oriental Institute has sponsored archaeological and survey expeditions in every country of the Near East.|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090321210727/http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/history/|archive-date=March 21, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
In the 1890s, the university, fearful that its vast resources would injure smaller schools by drawing away good students, affiliated with several regional colleges and universities: [[Des Moines College]], [[Kalamazoo College]], [[Butler University]], and [[Stetson University]]. In 1896, the university affiliated with [[Shimer College]] in Mount Carroll, Illinois. Under the terms of the affiliation, the schools were required to have courses of study comparable to those at the university, to notify the university early of any contemplated faculty appointments or dismissals, to make no faculty appointment without the university's approval, and to send copies of examinations for suggestions. The University of Chicago agreed to confer a degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school who made a grade of A for all four years, and on any other graduate who took twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago. A student or faculty member of an affiliated school was entitled to free tuition at the University of Chicago, and Chicago students were eligible to attend an affiliated school on the same terms and receive credit for their work. The University of Chicago also agreed to provide affiliated schools with books and scientific apparatus and supplies at cost; special instructors and lecturers without cost except for travel expenses; and a copy of every book and journal published by the [[University of Chicago Press]] at no cost. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice. Several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history by 1910.<ref>Gilbert Lycan, ''Stetson University: The First 100 Years at 70–72,'' pp. 165–185 (Stetson University Press, 1983)</ref>
 
=== 1920s–1980s ===
In 1929, the university's fifth president, 30-year-old legal philosophy scholar [[Robert Maynard Hutchins]], took office. The university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. Hutchins reformed the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum known as the Common Core,<ref name="commoncore">{{cite web|url=https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/academics/commoncore.shtml|title=The Common Core|publisher=University of Chicago Office of College Admissions|access-date=July 31, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426224252/http://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/academics/commoncore.shtml|archive-date=April 26, 2009}}</ref> organized the university's graduate work into four divisions,<ref name="hutchins" /> and eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics.<ref name="hutchins">{{cite web |url=http://president.uchicago.edu/history/hutchins.shtml |title=History of the Office |publisher=The University of Chicago Office of the President |date=November 6, 2008 |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028123034/http://president.uchicago.edu/history/hutchins.shtml |archive-date=October 28, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals (now called the [[University of Chicago Medical Center]]) finished construction and enrolled their first medical students.<ref name="hospitalhistory">{{cite web |url=http://www.uchospitals.edu/about/history.html |title=A Brief History of the Medical Center |publisher=The University of Chicago Medical Center |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202082321/http://www.uchospitals.edu/about/history.html |archive-date=December 2, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> Also, the philosophy oriented [[Committee on Social Thought]], an institution distinctive of the university, was created.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Social Thought {{!}} The University of Chicago|url=https://socialthought.uchicago.edu/|access-date=2022-01-08|website=socialthought.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
 
[[File:ChicagoPileTeam.png|left|thumb|Some of the University of Chicago team that worked on the production of the world's first human-caused self-sustaining nuclear reaction, including [[Enrico Fermi]] in the front row and [[Leó Szilárd]] in the second.|alt=A group of people in suits standing in three rows on the steps in front of a stone building.]]
Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the [[Rockefeller Foundation]] helped the school to survive through the [[Great Depression]].<ref name="hutchins" /> Nonetheless, in 1933, Hutchins proposed an unsuccessful plan to merge the University of Chicago and [[Northwestern University]] into a single university.<ref name="merger">{{cite web|title=The University of Chicago proposal|url=http://www.northwestern.edu/about/historic-moments/academics/the-universities-of-chicago.html|publisher=Northwestern university|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527160652/http://www.northwestern.edu/about/historic-moments/academics/the-universities-of-chicago.html|archive-date=May 27, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> During World War II, the university's [[Metallurgical Laboratory]] made ground-breaking contributions to the [[Manhattan Project]].<ref name="manhattan">{{cite web|url=http://www.atomicheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=155|title=University of Chicago Met Lab|publisher=Atomic Heritage Foundation|access-date=July 31, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612002453/http://www.atomicheritage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=155|archive-date=June 12, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> The university was the site of the first isolation of [[plutonium]] and of the creation of the first artificial, self-sustained nuclear reaction by [[Enrico Fermi]] in 1942.<ref name="manhattan" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0044&numPages=51&fp=N|title=The First Reactor|quote=On December 2, 1942, in a racquets court underneath the West Stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, a team of scientists led by Enrico Fermi created man's first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.|access-date=July 15, 2009|date=December 1982|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512015519/http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0044&numPages=51&fp=N|archive-date=May 12, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
It has been noted that the university did not provide standard oversight regarding [[Bruno Bettelheim]] and his tenure as director of the [[Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School|Orthogenic School for Disturbed Children]] from 1944 to 1973.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-01-23/features/9701230196_1_orthogenic-school-bruno-bettelheim-pollak Genius Or Fraud? Bettelheim's Biographers Can't Seem To Decide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606223438/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1997-01-23/features/9701230196_1_orthogenic-school-bruno-bettelheim-pollak |date=June 6, 2014 }}, ''Chicago Tribune'', Ron Grossman, January 23, 1997.</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/13/books/an-icon-of-psychology-falls-from-his-pedestal.html?_r=0 An Icon of Psychology Falls From His Pedestal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510122509/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/13/books/an-icon-of-psychology-falls-from-his-pedestal.html?_r=0 |date=May 10, 2017 }}, ''New York Times'', Books, Christopher Lehmann-Haupt (review of ''The Creation of Dr. B'' by Richard Pollak), January 13, 1997.</ref><ref>[http://www.weeklystandard.com/the-battle-over-bettelheim/article/9267 THE BATTLE OVER BETTELHEIM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510171143/http://www.weeklystandard.com/the-battle-over-bettelheim/article/9267 |date=May 10, 2017 }}, ''Weekly Standard'', Peter D. Kramer, April 7, 1997.</ref>
 
In the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood. In response, the university became a major sponsor of a controversial [[Hyde Park, Chicago#Urban renewal|urban renewal project for Hyde Park]], which profoundly affected both the neighborhood's architecture and street plan.<ref>Boyer, John W. "The Kind of University That We Desire to Become", Annual Report to the Faculty of the College (October 28, 2008). Excerpt available online at: {{cite web |url=https://www.uchicago.edu/pdfs/boyer_report.pdf |title="A Noble and Symmetrical Conception of Life":The Arts at Chicago on the Edge of a New Century|last=Boyer|first=John W.|access-date=April 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901060149/http://www.uchicago.edu/pdfs/boyer_report.pdf |archive-date=September 1, 2012}}</ref> During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adopted an early entrant program that allowed very young students to attend college; also, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year, having taken comparable or identical examinations and courses.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
The university experienced its share of student unrest during the 1960s, beginning in 1962 when then-freshman [[Bernie Sanders]] helped lead a [[University of Chicago sit-ins|15-day sit-in at the college's administration building]] in a protest over the university's off-campus rental policies. After continued turmoil, a university committee in 1967 issued what became known as the Kalven Report. The report, a two-page statement of the university's policy in "social and political action," declared that "To perform its mission in the society, a university must sustain an extraordinary environment of freedom of inquiry and maintain an independence from political fashions, passions, and pressures."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/kalvenreport.pdf |title=Kalven Committee: Report on the University's Role in Political and Social Action|access-date=October 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185337/http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/kalvenreport.pdf |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The report has since been used to justify decisions such as the university's refusal to divest from South Africa in the 1980s and Darfur in the late 2000s.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fang |first=Marina |url=http://chicagomaroon.com/2013/02/21/born-amidst-60s-student-protests-kalven-report-remains-controversial/ |title=Born amidst '60s student protests, Kalven Report remains controversial |publisher=ChicagoMaroon.com |access-date=January 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725125709/http://chicagomaroon.com/2013/02/21/born-amidst-60s-student-protests-kalven-report-remains-controversial/ |archive-date=July 25, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
In 1969, more than 400 students, angry about the dismissal of a popular professor, [[Marlene Dixon]], occupied the Administration Building for two weeks. After the sit-in ended, when Dixon turned down a one-year reappointment, 42 students were expelled and 81 were suspended,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alumniweekend.uchicago.edu/reu-72-scrap.shtml |title=The University of Chicago – Alumni Weekend |publisher=Alumniweekend.uchicago.edu |access-date=September 14, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907211148/http://alumniweekend.uchicago.edu/reu-72-scrap.shtml |archive-date=September 7, 2008 }}</ref> the most severe response to student occupations of any American university during the student movement.<ref>{{cite book|first=Eileen|last=Boris|title=Voices of Women Historians: The Personal, the Political, the Professional|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2BHlbO6eJrQC&pg=PA33|access-date=June 11, 2008|publisher=Indiana university Press|isbn=978-0-253-33494-7|year=1999}}</ref>
 
In 1978, history scholar [[Hanna Holborn Gray]], then the provost and acting president of [[Yale University]], became President of the University of Chicago, a position she held for 15 years. She was the first woman in the United States to hold the presidency of a major university.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/president/history/gray.shtml |title=Hanna Holborn Gray (1978–1993) |publisher=University of Chicago News Office |date=March 9, 2006 |access-date=September 14, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619130714/http://www-news.uchicago.edu/president/history/gray.shtml |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
=== 1990s–2010s ===
[[File:Harper Midway Chicago.jpg|thumb|View from the [[Midway Plaisance]].]]
In 1999, then-President [[Hugo F. Sonnenschein|Hugo Sonnenschein]] announced plans to relax the university's famed [[core curriculum]], reducing the number of required courses from 21 to 15. When ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Economist]]'', and other major news outlets picked up this story, the university became the focal point of a national debate on education. The changes were ultimately implemented, but the controversy played a role in Sonnenschein's decision to resign in 2000.<ref name="corewar">{{cite book | last = Beam | first = Alex| title = A Great Idea at the Time | publisher = Public Affairs| year = 2008 | page=152 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xyQOZUzkt3UC&pg=PA153 | isbn = 978-1-58648-487-3}}</ref>
 
From the mid-2000s, the university began a number of multimillion-dollar expansion projects. In 2008, the University of Chicago announced plans to establish the [[Milton Friedman Institute]], which attracted both support and controversy from faculty members and {{nowrap|students.<ref>{{cite news|last=Staley and Lippert|first=Oliver and John|title=Milton Friedman Institute Spurs Chicago Faculty Clash (Update3)|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=akM_dI3rWYKo|newspaper=Bloomberg|date=October 15, 2008|access-date=March 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121074446/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=akM_dI3rWYKo|archive-date=November 21, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Jacobsen|first=Kurt|title=Milton Friedman gives Chicago a headache|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/aug/26/economics.miltonfriedman|newspaper=The Guardian|date=August 26, 2008|location=London|access-date=December 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042507/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/aug/26/economics.miltonfriedman|archive-date=March 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Cohen|first=Patricia|title=On Chicago Campus, Milton Friedman's Legacy of Controversy Continues|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/12/books/12milt.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 12, 2008|access-date=February 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302141240/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/12/books/12milt.html|archive-date=March 2, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="petition">{{cite web | title=Milton Friedman Petition | url=http://faculty.chicagogsb.edu/john.cochrane/research/Papers/friedman_letter.htm | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108175322/http://faculty.chicagogsb.edu/john.cochrane/research/Papers/friedman_letter.htm | archive-date=January 8, 2009 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Cochrane|first=John|title=Comments on the Milton Friedman Institute Protest letter|url=http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/john.cochrane/research/papers/friedman_letter_comments.htm|access-date=June 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714162944/http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/john.cochrane/research/papers/friedman_letter_comments.htm|archive-date=July 14, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>}} The institute would cost around $200&nbsp;million and occupy the buildings of the [[Chicago Theological Seminary]]. During the same year, investor [[David G. Booth]] donated $300&nbsp;million to the university's [[University of Chicago Booth School of Business|Booth School of Business]], which is the largest gift in the university's history and the largest gift ever to any business school.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aAHS0r6IylXI |title=Booth Donates $300 Million to Chicago Business School |access-date=November 10, 2008 |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |date=November 7, 2008 }}</ref> In 2009, planning or construction on several new buildings, half of which cost $100&nbsp;million or more, was underway.<ref name="construction">{{cite journal|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0906/features/make_no_little_quads.shtml|journal=University of Chicago Magazine|last=Pridmore|first=Jay|title=Make No Little Quads|access-date=July 21, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809151723/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0906/features/make_no_little_quads.shtml|archive-date=August 9, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2011, major construction projects have included the Jules and Gwen Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, a ten-story medical research center, and further additions to the medical campus of the [[University of Chicago Medical Center]].<ref name="knapp">{{cite press release | title=$25 million gift from Jules and Gwen Knapp will help build 10-story medical research facility at the University of Chicago | publisher=University of Chicago News Office | url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/060210.knapp.shtml | access-date=June 11, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830170415/http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/06/060210.knapp.shtml | archive-date=August 30, 2006 | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2014 the university launched the public phase of a $4.5&nbsp;billion fundraising campaign.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Mitch|title=University of Chicago announces $4.5 billion fundraising campaign|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-05-08/news/chi-university-of-chicago-announces-45-billion-fundraising-campaign-20140508_1_previous-campaign-chicago-campaign-chicago-area|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 22, 2015|date=May 8, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225091845/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-05-08/news/chi-university-of-chicago-announces-45-billion-fundraising-campaign-20140508_1_previous-campaign-chicago-campaign-chicago-area|archive-date=December 25, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2015, the university received $100&nbsp;million from The Pearson Family Foundation to establish The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts and The Pearson Global Forum at the [[Harris School of Public Policy]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Glanton|first=Dahleen|title=U. of C. gets $100 million donation to study global conflict|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-u-of-chicago-100-million-donation-global-conflict-20150930-story.html|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|access-date=December 2, 2015|date=September 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201231909/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-u-of-chicago-100-million-donation-global-conflict-20150930-story.html|archive-date=December 1, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
In 2019, the university created its first school in three decades, the [[Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering]].<ref name="wsjarticleonnewengineeringschool">{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/university-of-chicago-launches-school-of-molecular-engineering-11559055600 |title=University of Chicago Launches School of Molecular Engineering |last=Holland |first=Jake |date=2019-05-28 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=2019-05-28 |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528172510/https://www.wsj.com/articles/university-of-chicago-launches-school-of-molecular-engineering-11559055600 |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-met-university-of-chicago-molecular-engineering-20190528-story.html |title=University of Chicago receives $75M to launch campus' first engineering school |last=Rhodes |first=Dawn |date=May 28, 2019 |access-date=2019-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528175917/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-met-university-of-chicago-molecular-engineering-20190528-story.html |archive-date=May 28, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
== Campus ==
 
=== Main campus ===
{{wide image|UniversityofChicagoPanoramic.jpg|1049px|The campus of the University of Chicago, from the top of [[Rockefeller Chapel]], the Main Quadrangles can be seen on the left (West), the [[Oriental Institute, Chicago|Oriental Institute]] and the [[Becker Friedman Institute for Research in Economics]] can be seen in the center (North) and the [[University of Chicago Booth School of Business|Booth School of Business]] and [[University of Chicago Laboratory Schools|Laboratory Schools]] can be seen on the right (East), as the panoramic is bounded on both sides by the [[Midway Plaisance]] (South).|alt=The campus of the University of Chicago.}}
 
The main campus of the University of Chicago consists of {{convert|217|acre|ha|1}} in the Chicago neighborhoods of [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]] and [[Woodlawn, Chicago|Woodlawn]], approximately eight miles (12&nbsp;km) south of [[Chicago Loop|downtown Chicago]]. The northern and southern portions of campus are separated by the [[Midway Plaisance]], a large, linear park created for the 1893 [[World's Columbian Exposition]]. In 2011, [[Travel+Leisure]] listed the university as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/americas-most-beautiful-college-campuses/27 |title="America's most beautiful college campuses", ''Travel+Leisure'' (September 2011) |publisher=Travelandleisure.com |date=July 10, 2014 |access-date=July 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802110608/http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/americas-most-beautiful-college-campuses/27 |archive-date=August 2, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
[[File:John List- Extra footage 3-VPRO-The Mind of the Universe.ogv|thumb|right|Aerial shots from the University of Chicago campus.]]
 
[[File:Harper Quadrangle.jpg|thumb|View of university building from the Harper Quadrangle.]]
 
The first buildings of the campus, which make up what is now known as the Main Quadrangles, were part of a master plan conceived by two University of Chicago trustees and plotted by Chicago architect [[Henry Ives Cobb]].<ref name="famousbldgs" /> The Main Quadrangles consist of six [[quadrangle (architecture)|quadrangles]], each surrounded by buildings, bordering one larger quadrangle.<ref name="goodspeed" />{{rp|221}} The buildings of the Main Quadrangles were designed by Cobb, [[Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge]], [[Holabird & Roche]], and other architectural firms in a mixture of the [[Victorian Gothic]] and [[Collegiate Gothic]] styles, patterned on the colleges of the University of Oxford.<ref name="famousbldgs">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/chicagosfamousbu0000schu/page/246|title=Chicago's Famous Buildings|last1=Schulze|first1=Franz|last2=Harrington|first2=Kevin|edition=5th|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-74066-8|year=2003|pages=[https://archive.org/details/chicagosfamousbu0000schu/page/246 246–50]|access-date=August 31, 2009}}</ref> (Mitchell Tower, for example, is modeled after Oxford's [[Magdalen Tower, Oxford|Magdalen Tower]],<ref name="mitchell">{{cite journal|title=Architectural Details|date=December 2002|publisher=The University of Chicago Magazine|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0212/alumni/arch.html|access-date=April 30, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518050733/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0212/alumni/arch.html|archive-date=May 18, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> and the university Commons, [[Hutchinson Hall]], replicates [[Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church]] Hall.<ref>{{cite book|last=Robertson|first=David Allan|title=The University of Chicago: An Official Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/universityofchic00univ|access-date=August 31, 2009|edition=3rd|year=1919|publisher=University of Chicago Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/universityofchic00univ/page/48 48]}}</ref>) In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the University of Chicago Quadrangles<ref>{{Cite web |title=AIA Illinois Great Places - University of Chicago Quadrangle |url=http://www.illinoisgreatplaces.com/#detail/university_of_chicago_quadrangle-081/type=educational/city=chicago |access-date=2021-01-26 |website=www.illinoisgreatplaces.com |language=en}}</ref> were selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the [[American Institute of Architects]] Illinois component (AIA Illinois).<ref>{{cite news|last=Waldinger|first=Mike|title=The proud history of architecture in Illinois|url=https://springfieldbusinessjournal.com/2018/01/the-proud-history-of-architecture-in-illinois/|access-date=January 30, 2018|newspaper=Springfield Business Journal|date=January 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084700/https://springfieldbusinessjournal.com/2018/01/the-proud-history-of-architecture-in-illinois/|archive-date=June 13, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
[[File:Mitchell-Magdalen comparison.jpg|thumb|left|Many older buildings of the University of Chicago employ [[Collegiate Gothic]] architecture like that of the University of Oxford. For example, Chicago's Mitchell Tower (left) was modeled after Oxford's [[Magdalen Tower, Oxford|Magdalen Tower]] (right).]]
 
After the 1940s, the campus's Gothic style began to give way to modern styles.<ref name="famousbldgs" /> In 1955, [[Eero Saarinen]] was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen);<ref name="famousbldgs"/> a series of arts buildings;<ref name="famousbldgs"/> a building designed by [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]] for the university's School of Social Service Administration,<ref name="famousbldgs"/> a building which is to become the home of the [[Harris School of Public Policy]] by [[Edward Durrell Stone]], and the [[Regenstein Library]], the largest building on campus, a [[brutalist architecture|brutalist]] structure designed by [[Walter Netsch]] of the Chicago firm [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0878/chicago_journal/books.shtml|title=There Will Be Books|last=Puma|first=Amy Braverman|publisher=University of Chicago Magazine|year=2007|access-date=September 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621080611/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0878/chicago_journal/books.shtml|archive-date=June 21, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> Another master plan, designed in 1999 and updated in 2004,<ref name="twentytwenty">{{cite journal|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0502/chicagojournal/2020.shtml|title=2020 Vision|journal=University of Chicago Magazine|last=Braverman|first=Amy M.|date=February 2005|issue=3|volume=27|access-date=September 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621140734/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0502/chicagojournal/2020.shtml|archive-date=June 21, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> produced the [[Gerald Ratner Athletics Center]] (2003),<ref name="twentytwenty"/> the [[Max Palevsky Residential Commons]] (2001),<ref name="famousbldgs"/> [[South Campus Residence Hall]] and dining commons (2009), a new children's hospital,<ref name="milestones">{{cite journal | url = http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0878/features/momentum.shtml | title = Of Milestones and Momentum | access-date = September 16, 2009 | journal = The University of Chicago Magazine | date = July–August 2008 | volume = 100 | issue = 6 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090131175610/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0878/features/momentum.shtml | archive-date = January 31, 2009 | url-status = live }}</ref> and other construction, expansions, and restorations.<ref>[http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0878/features/on_the_map.shtml The University of Chicago Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131163246/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0878/features/on_the_map.shtml |date=January 31, 2009 }}. Magazine.uchicago.edu. Retrieved on August 15, 2013.</ref> In 2011, the university completed the glass dome-shaped [[Joe and Rika Mansueto Library]], which provides a grand reading room for the university library and prevents the need for an off-campus book depository.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
The site of [[Chicago Pile-1]] is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and is marked by the [[Henry Moore]] sculpture ''[[Nuclear Energy (sculpture)|Nuclear Energy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=204&ResourceType=Site|title=Site of the First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction|publisher=National Historic Landmarks Program|access-date=September 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405180502/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=204&ResourceType=Site|archive-date=April 5, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Robie House]], a [[Frank Lloyd Wright]] building acquired by the university in 1963, is a [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ UNESCO World Heritage Site]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/07/arts/design/frank-lloyd-wright-unesco.html|title=Unesco AddsFrank Lloyd Wright's Architecture to World Heritage List|work=[[New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820035137/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/07/arts/design/frank-lloyd-wright-unesco.html|archive-date=August 20, 2019|date=August 7, 2019}}</ref> as well as a National Historic Landmark,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.robiehouse.com/aboutus/aboutus.html |title=About Us |publisher=Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust |access-date=September 8, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219025633/http://robiehouse.com/aboutus/aboutus.html |archive-date=December 19, 2007 }}</ref> as is room 405 of the [[George Herbert Jones Laboratory]], where [[Glenn T. Seaborg]] and his team were the first to isolate plutonium.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=735&ResourceType=Building|title=Room 405, George Herbert Jones Laboratory|publisher=National Historic Landmarks Program|access-date=September 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208100011/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=735&ResourceType=Building|archive-date=February 8, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hitchcock Hall]], an undergraduate dormitory, is on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nrhp">{{cite web|url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome|title=National Register of Historic Places NPS Focus database|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|access-date=January 17, 2012|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69bF1SAr8?url=http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreghome.do?searchtype=natreghome|archive-date=August 1, 2012|url-status=live}} Resource Name = Hitchcock, Charles, Hall; Reference Number = 74000751</ref>
 
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Campus of the University of Chicago">
File:Snell Hitchcock1.JPG|[[Snell-Hitchcock]], an undergraduate dormitory constructed in the early 20th century, is part of the Main Quadrangles. <!-- One of them, Hitchcock Hall, is on the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://housing.uchicago.edu/college_houses/hitchcock.shtml|title=Hitchcock House|publisher=University of Chicago Housing and Dining Services|access-date=September 11, 2009}}</ref> -->
File:Rockefeller Chapel Entire Structure.jpg|[[Rockefeller Chapel]], constructed in 1928, was designed by [[Bertram Goodhue]] in the neo-Gothic style.
File:Henry Hinds Laboratory at University of Chicago5.jpg|The Henry Hinds Laboratory for Geophysical Sciences was built in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://photofiles.lib.uchicago.edu/db.xqy?one=apf2-03501.xml|title=Henry Hinds Laboratory Architect's Drawings|publisher=University of Chicago Archival Photographic Files|access-date=September 10, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617140204/http://photofiles.lib.uchicago.edu/db.xqy?one=apf2-03501.xml|archive-date=June 17, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>
File:Ratner Athletic Center.jpg|The [[Gerald Ratner Athletics Center]], opened in 2003 and designed by [[Cesar Pelli]], houses the volleyball, wrestling, swimming, and basketball teams.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://athletics.uchicago.edu/facilities/ratner-overview.htm|title=Overview|publisher=The University of Chicago|access-date=October 10, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080616150245/http://athletics.uchicago.edu/facilities/ratner-overview.htm |archive-date = June 16, 2008}}</ref>
</gallery>
 
=== Satellite campuses ===
The university also maintains facilities apart from its main campus. The university's [[University of Chicago Booth School of Business|Booth School of Business]] maintains campuses in [[Hong Kong]], [[London]], and the downtown [[Streeterville]] neighborhood of Chicago. The Center in Paris, a campus located on the [[Rive Gauche|left bank]] of the [[Seine]] in Paris, hosts various undergraduate and graduate study programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=The University of Chicago Center in Paris|publisher=University of Chicago|url=http://centerinparis.uchicago.edu/|access-date=August 27, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905082342/http://centerinparis.uchicago.edu/|archive-date=September 5, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> In fall 2010, the university opened a center in Beijing, near [[Renmin University]]'s campus in [[Haidian District]]. The most recent additions are a center in [[New Delhi]], India, which opened in 2014, and a center in Hong Kong which opened in 2015.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
== Administration and finance ==
[[File:Hutchinson Commons 2014.jpg|thumb|Hutchinson Commons.]]
The university is governed by a board of trustees. The board of trustees oversees the long-term development and plans of the university and manages fundraising efforts, and is composed of 55 members including the university president.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trustees.uchicago.edu/|title=Board of Trustees|publisher=The University of Chicago|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530232950/http://trustees.uchicago.edu/|archive-date=May 30, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Directly beneath the president are the provost, fourteen vice presidents (including the chief financial officer, [[Chief Investment Officer|chief investment officer]], and vice president for campus life and student services), the directors of [[Argonne National Laboratory]] and [[Fermilab]], the secretary of the university, and the student [[Ombudsman|ombudsperson]].<ref name="orgchart">{{cite web|title=University Organization Chart|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/orgchart/|access-date=August 16, 2009|publisher=The University of Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090809185059/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/orgchart/|archive-date=August 9, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> The current chairman of the board of trustees is [[Joseph Neubauer]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20150227/BLOGS03/150229822/major-u-of-c-donor-to-head-schools-board-of-trustees|title=Major U of C donor to head school's board of trustees|website=Crain's Chicago Business|date=February 26, 2015|access-date=May 17, 2016}}</ref> and the current provost is [[Ka Yee Christina Lee]], who stepped in February 2020 after the previous provost, [[Daniel Diermeier]], left to become Chancellor of [[Vanderbilt University]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ka Yee C. Lee appointed provost of University of Chicago|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/ka-yee-c-lee-appointed-provost-university-chicago|access-date=2021-03-02|website=University of Chicago News|language=en}}</ref> The current president of the University of Chicago is chemist [[Paul Alivisatos]], who assumed the role on September 1, 2021. [[Robert Zimmer]], the previous president, transitioned into the new role of chancellor of the university.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Alivisatos named next president of the University of Chicago|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/paul-alivisatos-named-next-president-university-chicago|access-date=2021-03-02|website=University of Chicago News|language=en}}</ref>
 
The university's endowment was the 12th largest among American educational institutions and state university systems in 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2012NCSEPublicTablesEndowmentMarketValuesRevisedFebruary42013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512184138/http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2012NCSEPublicTablesEndowmentMarketValuesRevisedFebruary42013.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 12, 2013|title=U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2012 Endowment Market Value and Percentage Change* in Endowment Market Value from FY 2011 to FY 2012 (Revised February 4, 2013)|year=2013|access-date=January 19, 2014}}</ref> and {{as of|2020||df=US|lc=on}} was valued at $10 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/university-chicago-endowment-grows-82-billion|title=University of Chicago endowment grows to $8.2 billion|website=Crain's Chicago Business|access-date=November 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116000750/https://news.uchicago.edu/story/university-chicago-endowment-grows-82-billion|archive-date=November 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2016, the university's board of trustees has resisted pressure from students and faculty to divest its investments from fossil fuel companies.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-22|title=University of Chicago professors urge fossil fuel divestment over climate change fears|url=http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/22/university-chicago-divest-fossil-fuel-professors-climate-change|access-date=2021-10-26|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Part of former university President Zimmer's financial plan for the university was an increase in accumulation of debt to finance large building projects.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-17/university-of-chicago-is-outlier-with-growing-debt-load | work=Bloomberg | first=Michael | last=McDonald | title=University of Chicago Is Outlier With Growing Debt Load | date=March 17, 2014 | access-date=March 12, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223140447/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-03-17/university-of-chicago-is-outlier-with-growing-debt-load | archive-date=February 23, 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref> This drew both support and criticism from many in the university community.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
== Academics ==<!-- This section is linked to from Template:UChicago. If you change this section heading, make sure to update that template as well. -->
[[File:University of Chicago July 2013 19 (Main Quadrangles).jpg|thumb|The University of Chicago Main Quadrangles, looking north.]]
The academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of the [[College of the University of Chicago|College]], five divisions of graduate research, six professional schools, and the [[Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies]]. The university also contains a library system, the [[University of Chicago Press]], and the [[University of Chicago Medical Center]], and oversees several laboratories, including [[Fermilab|Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)]], [[Argonne National Laboratory]], and the [[Marine Biological Laboratory]]. The university is accredited by [[The Higher Learning Commission]].<ref name="collegenavigator" />
 
The university runs on a [[quarter system]] in which the academic year is divided into four terms: Summer (June–August), Autumn (September–December), Winter (January–March), and Spring (April–June).<ref name="calendar"/> Full-time undergraduate students take three to four courses every quarter<ref>{{cite web|url=http://collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/pdf_10/academic-regulations.pdf |title=Academic Regulations and Procedures |access-date=August 13, 2009 |publisher=The University of Chicago |quote=Students register for three or four courses per quarter. Over the typical four-year program (twelve quarters), a student normally registers for at least six four-course quarters and as many as six three-course quarters. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014070914/http://collegecatalog.uchicago.edu/pdf_10/academic-regulations.pdf |archive-date=October 14, 2009 }}</ref> for approximately eleven weeks before their quarterly academic breaks. The school year typically begins in late September and ends in mid-June.<ref name="calendar">{{cite web|url=http://academic-calendar.uchicago.edu|title=The University of Chicago Academic Calendar|access-date=August 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027001716/http://academic-calendar.uchicago.edu/|archive-date=October 27, 2005|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== Rankings ===<!-- NOTE: The below rankings infobox does not accept any rankings except the ones already listed. To propose the addition of a new ranking to the infobox template, see Template talk: Infobox US university rankings.
 
-->
{{Infobox US university ranking
<!-- U.S. rankings -->
| Forbes = 23
| THE_WSJ = 14
| USNWR_NU = 6
| ARWU_N = 8
| Wamo_NU = 25
<!-- Global rankings -->
| ARWU_W = 10
| QS_W = 10
| THES_W = 10
| USNWR_W = 15
}}
 
The University of Chicago has an extensive record of producing successful business leaders and billionaires.<ref name="Janhavi Kumar Sapra"/><ref name="mic.com">{{cite web|title=These 7 Schools Have the Richest Alumni — Is Yours On the List?|url=http://mic.com/articles/69539/these-7-schools-have-the-richest-alumni-is-yours-on-the-list|website=mic.com|access-date=June 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701085518/http://mic.com/articles/69539/these-7-schools-have-the-richest-alumni-is-yours-on-the-list|archive-date=July 1, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="timeshighereducation.co.uk">{{cite web|title=World's top 100 universities for producing millionaires|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/worlds-top-100-universities-for-producing-millionaires/2008749.article|website=Times Higher Education|date=November 4, 2013|access-date=June 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115105352/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/financial-times-executive-mba-ranking-2015-top-100|archive-date=January 15, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="abcnews.go.com">{{cite web|title=3 Public Universities Made List of 15 Schools With the Wealthiest Alumni|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Business/top-15-universities-wealthy-alumni/story?id=18539608|website=ABC News|access-date=June 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630103045/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/top-15-universities-wealthy-alumni/story?id=18539608|archive-date=June 30, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[Academic Ranking of World Universities|ARWU]]'' has consistently placed the University of Chicago among the top 10 universities in the world,<ref>{{cite web|title=Performance in Academic Ranking of World Universities|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings/University-of-Chicago.html|publisher=Academic Ranking of World Universities|access-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321004042/http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings/University-of-Chicago.html|archive-date=March 21, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> and the 2021 ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' placed the university in 9th place worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=QS World University Rankings 2020|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020|website=Top Universities|publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds|access-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917171555/http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/universitat-autonoma-de-barcelona|archive-date=September 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The university's [[University of Chicago Law School|law]] and [[Booth School of Business|business]] schools rank among the top five professional schools in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-15/the-complete-2012-business-schools-ranking|title=Bloomberg Businessweek: The Complete 2012 Business Schools Ranking, 2012-11-15|date=November 15, 2012|website=BusinessWeek.com|access-date=June 26, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117155858/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-15/the-complete-2012-business-schools-ranking|archive-date=November 17, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> The business school is currently ranked first in the US by ''US News & World Report''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-business-schools/mba-rankings|title=Best Business Schools|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314003952/https://www.usnews.com/best%2Dgraduate%2Dschools/top%2Dbusiness%2Dschools/mba%2Drankings|archive-date=March 14, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> and first in the world by ''The Economist'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/whichmba/full-time-mba-ranking|title=2018 MBA & Business School Rankings {{!}} Which MBA? {{!}} The Economist|newspaper=The Economist|language=en|access-date=2018-11-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125165742/https://www.economist.com/whichmba/full-time-mba-ranking|archive-date=November 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> while the law school is ranked fourth by ''US News & World Report''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/law-rankings|title=Best Law Schools|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320195829/https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-law-schools/law-rankings|archive-date=March 20, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> and first by [[Above the Law (website)|''Above the Law'']].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://abovethelaw.com/law-school-rankings/top-law-schools/|title=The 2018 ATL Top 50 Law School Rankings|last=Shepherd|first=David Lat, Elie Mystal, Staci Zaretsky, Kashmir Hill, Marin, Mark Herrmann, Jay|work=Above the Law|access-date=2018-11-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Chicago has also been consistently recognized to be one of the top 15 university brands in the world,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2015/reputation-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only|title=World Reputation Rankings 2015|website=Times Higher Education|date=June 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506191252/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2015/reputation-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank_label/sort_order/asc/cols/rank_only|archive-date=May 6, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> retaining the number three spot in the 2019 U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 13, 2016|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/09/13/princeton-tops-list-2017-best-college-ranking/90261588/|title=Princeton tops list of 2017 U.S. News Best Colleges Rankings|website=[[USA Today]]|access-date=September 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913150344/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/09/13/princeton-tops-list-2017-best-college-ranking/90261588/|archive-date=September 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In a corporate study carried out by ''[[The New York Times]]'', the university's graduates were shown to be among the most valued in the world.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/10/25/world/asia/25iht-sreducemerging25-graphic.html?ref=asia |title=Global Companies Rank Universities |newspaper=NYTimes.com |date=October 25, 2012 |access-date=August 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826065747/http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/10/25/world/asia/25iht-sreducemerging25-graphic.html?ref=asia |archive-date=August 26, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
=== Undergraduate college ===
{{Main|College of the University of Chicago}}
[[File:Harper Library from the Midway Plaisance.JPG|thumb|upright=0.9|Harper Memorial Library was dedicated in 1912 and its architecture takes inspiration from various colleges in England.]]
The College of the University of Chicago grants Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in 51 [[academic major]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://college.uchicago.edu/academics-advising/majors-minors|title=Majors|publisher=University of Chicago College|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423184516/http://college.uchicago.edu/academics-advising/majors-minors|archive-date=April 23, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 33 minors.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://college.uchicago.edu/academics-advising/majors-minors/minors|title=Minors|publisher=University of Chicago College|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211200719/http://college.uchicago.edu/academics-advising/majors-minors/minors|archive-date=February 11, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division.<ref name="collegiatedivisions">{{cite web|url=http://www.college.uchicago.edu/about_the_college/departments_div.shtml |title=Departments and Academic Degree Programs in the College |access-date=July 26, 2009 |publisher=University of Chicago |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013235318/http://www.college.uchicago.edu/about_the_college/departments_div.shtml |archive-date=October 13, 2008 }}</ref> The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions.<ref name="ncd">{{cite web|url=http://college.uchicago.edu/about-college/collegiate-divisions/new-collegiate-division|publisher=University of Chicago|title=New Collegiate Division|access-date=July 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091208132525/http://college.uchicago.edu/about-college/collegiate-divisions/new-collegiate-division|archive-date=December 8, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Undergraduate students are required to take a distribution of courses to satisfy the university's general education requirements, commonly known as the Core Curriculum.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Core Curriculum {{!}} The College {{!}} The University of Chicago|url=https://college.uchicago.edu/academics/core-curriculum|access-date=2021-05-02|website=college.uchicago.edu|language=en}}</ref> In 2012–2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17&nbsp;courses, and are generally led by a full-time professor (as opposed to a [[teaching assistant]]).<ref name="curriculum2">{{cite journal | title=Another Chapter in the Life of the College | publisher=The University of Chicago Magazine | url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/9904/html/curriculum.htm | access-date=September 3, 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060913012457/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/9904/html/curriculum.htm | archive-date=September 13, 2006 | url-status=live }}</ref> As of the 2013–2014 school year, 15&nbsp;courses and demonstrated proficiency in a foreign language are required under the Core.<ref name="core">{{cite web|url=https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/academics/core.shtml|title=The Core|publisher=University of Chicago Office of College Admissions|access-date=December 24, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225220159/https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/academics/core.shtml|archive-date=December 25, 2013}}</ref> Undergraduate courses at the University of Chicago are known for their demanding standards, heavy workload and academic difficulty; according to ''[[Uni in the USA]]'', "Among the academic cream of American universities – Harvard, Yale, Princeton, MIT, and the University of Chicago – it is UChicago that can most convincingly claim to provide the most rigorous, intense learning experience."<ref>[http://www.uniintheusa.com/usa-unis/midwest/100048/university-of-chicago Top University In USA | Best Universities In USA | University In The USA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514040008/http://www.uniintheusa.com/usa-unis/midwest/100048/university-of-chicago |date=May 14, 2013 }}. Uniintheusa.com. Retrieved on August 15, 2013.</ref>
 
[[File:Eckhart Hall.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.9|Eckhart Hall houses the university's math department.]]
 
=== Graduate schools and committees ===
The university graduate schools and committees are divided into five divisions: Biological Sciences, Humanities, Physical Sciences, Social Sciences, and the Institute for Molecular Engineering.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/university-chicago-makes-its-first-foray-engineering-274481|title=University of Chicago makes its first foray into engineering|date=March 8, 2011|website=International Business Times|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610235314/http://www.ibtimes.com/university-chicago-makes-its-first-foray-engineering-274481|archive-date=June 10, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In the autumn quarter of 2015, the university enrolled 3,588 graduate students: 438 in the Biological Sciences Division, 801 in the Humanities Division, 1,102 in the Physical Sciences Division, 1,165 in the Social Sciences Division, and 52 in the Institute for Molecular Engineering.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://registrar.uchicago.edu/sites/registrar.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Autumn%202015%20EOQ.pdf|title=Autumn Quarter 2015 Statistical Reports|publisher=University of Chicago Registrar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905081331/https://registrar.uchicago.edu/sites/registrar.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Autumn%202015%20EOQ.pdf|archive-date=September 5, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
The university is home to several committees for interdisciplinary scholarship, including the [[Committee on Social Thought|John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
=== Professional schools ===
The university contains eight professional schools: the [[University of Chicago Law School]], the [[University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine|Pritzker School of Medicine]], the [[Booth School of Business]], the [[University of Chicago Divinity School]], the [[Harris School of Public Policy|University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy]], the [[University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration]], the [[Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies]] (which offers non-degree courses and certificates as well as degree programs) and the [[Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago|Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://grahamschool.uchicago.edu/about|title=About {{!}} University of Chicago Graham School|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607193125/https://grahamschool.uchicago.edu/about|archive-date=June 7, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="wsjarticleonnewengineeringschool"/>
 
The Law School is accredited by the [[American Bar Association]], the Divinity School is accredited by the Commission on Accrediting of the [[Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada]], and Pritzker is accredited by the [[Liaison Committee on Medical Education]].<ref name="collegenavigator">{{cite web|url=http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=university+of+Chicago&s=all&id=144050|title=The University of Chicago|publisher=College Navigator|access-date=August 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413004814/http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?q=University+of+Chicago&s=all&id=144050|archive-date=April 13, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== Associated academic institutions ===
[[File:University of Chicago Laboratory Schools exterior.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools, a private day school run by the university.]]
The university runs a number of academic institutions and programs apart from its undergraduate and postgraduate schools. It operates the [[University of Chicago Laboratory Schools]] (a private [[day school]] for [[K–12 (education)|K-12]] students and [[day care]]),<ref name="lab">{{cite web | title=About the Lab Schools | year=2005 | publisher=The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools | url=http://www.ucls.uchicago.edu/about/ | access-date=September 3, 2006|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060904160019/http://www.ucls.uchicago.edu/about/ |archive-date = September 4, 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a public [[charter school]] with four campuses on the [[South Side (Chicago)|South Side]] of Chicago administered by the university's Urban Education Institute.<ref name="charter">{{cite web|url=http://uei.uchicago.edu/work/education.shtml |title=About the University of Chicago Charter School |access-date=August 13, 2009 |publisher=University of Chicago Urban Education Institute |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725161603/http://uei.uchicago.edu/work/education.shtml |archive-date=July 25, 2009 }}</ref> In addition, the Hyde Park Day School, a school for students with learning disabilities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hpds.uchicago.edu/|title=Chicago School for Children with Learning Disabilities|publisher=Hyde Park Day School|quote=The Hyde Park Day School (HPDS) is a private, not-for-profit day school serving the needs of children with learning disabilities... With two Illinois locations on the University of Chicago campus in Chicago and north suburban Northfield, HPDS is the only school of its kind in the Chicago area.|access-date=September 9, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604183421/http://hpds.uchicago.edu/|archive-date=June 4, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School]], a residential treatment program for those with behavioral and emotional problems,<ref>{{cite web|title=Caring for the Whole Person|url=http://oschool.org/why-the-o-school/history/|publisher=Sonia Shankman Orthogenic School|access-date=May 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519205115/http://oschool.org/why-the-o-school/history/|archive-date=May 19, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> maintains a location on the University of Chicago campus. Since 1983, the University of Chicago has maintained the [[University of Chicago School Mathematics Project]], a mathematics program used in urban primary and secondary schools.<ref name="ucsmp">{{cite web | title=The University of Chicago School Mathematics Project (UCSMP) | publisher=The University of Chicago | url=http://socialsciences.uchicago.edu/ucsmp/ | access-date=May 28, 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516155100/http://socialsciences.uchicago.edu/ucsmp/ | archive-date=May 16, 2006 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> The university runs a program called the Council on Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences, which administers interdisciplinary workshops to provide a forum for graduate students, faculty, and visiting scholars to present scholarly work in progress.<ref name=CAS>{{cite web| title=about CAS| date=November 17, 2007| publisher=The Council on Advanced Studies| url=http://cas.uchicago.edu/| access-date=November 17, 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212074701/http://cas.uchicago.edu/| archive-date=December 12, 2007| url-status=live}}</ref>
The university also operates the [[University of Chicago Press]], the largest [[university press]] in the United States.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{cite web | title=Academic publishing veteran to direct the University Press | date=July 12, 2007 | publisher=The University of Chicago Chronicle | url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/070712/pressdirector.shtml | access-date=July 12, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519133157/http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/070712/pressdirector.shtml | archive-date=May 19, 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref>
 
==== Library system ====
[[File:University of Chicago, Harper Library.jpg|thumb|University of Chicago, Harper Library.]]
The [[University of Chicago Library]] system encompasses six libraries that contain a total of 11&nbsp;million volumes, the 9th most among library systems in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/about/factsheet.html|title=The University of Chicago Library|website=www.lib.uchicago.edu|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515160908/http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/about/factsheet.html|archive-date=May 15, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The university's main library is the [[Regenstein Library]], which contains one of the largest collections of print volumes in the United States. The [[Joe and Rika Mansueto Library]], built in 2011, houses a large study space and an automated book storage and retrieval system. The [[John Crerar Library]] contains more than 1.4&nbsp;million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences and collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/crerar/about.html|title=About the John Crerar Library|date=June 13, 2013|website=www.lib.uchicago.edu|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531144239/http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/crerar/about.html|archive-date=May 31, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The university also operates a number of special libraries, including the D'Angelo Law Library, the Social Service Administration Library, and the Eckhart Library for mathematics and computer science.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/eck/index.html|title=Eckhart Library|publisher=University of Chicago Library|access-date=October 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012035723/http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/eck/index.html|archive-date=October 12, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="petersons">{{cite web|title=College Closeup: University of Chicago|publisher=Peterson's|url=http://www.petersons.com/ugchannel/code/idd.asp?sponsor=36&inunId=9162#The%20university|access-date=August 19, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310210336/http://www.petersons.com/ugchannel/code/idd.asp?sponsor=36&inunId=9162#The%20University|archive-date=March 10, 2007}}</ref> Harper Memorial Library is now a reading and study room.
 
=== Research ===
[[File:Fermilab.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of [[Fermilab]], a science research laboratory co-managed by the University of Chicago.]]
 
According to the [[National Science Foundation]], University of Chicago spent $423.9&nbsp;million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 60th in the nation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Table 20. Higher education R&D expenditures, ranked by FY 2018 R&D expenditures: FYs 2009–18 |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/herd/2018/html/herd18-dt-tab020.html |website=ncsesdata.nsf.gov |publisher=[[National Science Foundation]] |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> It is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"<ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications Institution Lookup |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=144050 |publisher=Center for Postsecondary Education |website=carnegieclassifications.iu.edu |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> and is a founding member of the [[Association of American Universities]] and was a member of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation from 1946 through June 29, 2016, when the group's name was changed to the [[Big Ten Academic Alliance]]. The University of Chicago is not a member of the rebranded consortium, but will continue to be a collaborator.<ref name="btaa_chicago">{{cite web|url=http://www.btaa.org/about/expansion/name-change-faq|title=Name Change – FAQ|publisher=Big Ten Academic Alliance|access-date=June 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711111625/http://www.btaa.org/about/expansion/name-change-faq|archive-date=July 11, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/06/30/big-tens-academic-division-changes-name |title=Big Ten's Academic Division Changes Name |website=Inside Higher Ed |date=June 30, 2016 |access-date=June 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914020235/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/06/30/big-tens-academic-division-changes-name |archive-date=September 14, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
The university operates more than 140 research centers and institutes on campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uchicago.edu/research/centers/|title=Institutes and Centers|website=The University of Chicago|access-date=May 17, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513224921/http://www.uchicago.edu/research/centers/|archive-date=May 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Among these are the [[Oriental Institute, Chicago|Oriental Institute]]—a museum and research center for [[Near East]]ern studies owned and operated by the university—and a number of [[National Resource Center]]s, including the [[Center for Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Chicago|Center for Middle Eastern Studies]]. Chicago also operates or is affiliated with several research institutions apart from the university proper. The university manages [[Argonne National Laboratory]], part of the [[United States Department of Energy]]'s national laboratory system, and co-manages [[Fermilab|Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)]], <nowiki/>a nearby particle physics laboratory, as well as a stake in the [[Apache Point Observatory]] in [[Sunspot, New Mexico]]. Faculty and students at the adjacent [[Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago]] collaborate with the university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tti-c.org/about.php|title=About TTI-C|quote=An agreement between the University of Chicago and TTI – C allows cross-listing of computer science course offerings between the two institutions, providing students from each institution the opportunity to register in the other's courses.|access-date=August 17, 2009|date=August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525140320/http://www.tti-c.org/about.php|archive-date=May 25, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, the university formed an affiliation with the formerly independent [[Marine Biological Laboratory]] in Woods Hole, Mass.<ref>[https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2013/06/11/marine-biological-laboratory-affiliate-with-university-chicago/Z6VMtposQFr8hBqV0GzWnL/story.html Marine Biological Laboratory to affiliate with University of Chicago – Health & wellness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829202545/https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2013/06/11/marine-biological-laboratory-affiliate-with-university-chicago/Z6VMtposQFr8hBqV0GzWnL/story.html |date=August 29, 2017 }}. The Boston Globe (June 12, 2013). Retrieved on August 15, 2013.</ref> Although formally unrelated, the [[National Opinion Research Center]] is located on Chicago's campus.
[[File:University of Chicago at Fall.jpg|thumb|University of Chicago building during fall.]]
The University of Chicago has been the site of some important experiments and academic movements. In economics, the university has played an important role in shaping ideas about the [[free market]]<ref>Kasper, Sherryl (2002) ''The Revival of Laissez-Faire in American Macroeconomic Theory: A Case Study of Its Pioneers''. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. {{ISBN|1-84064-606-3}}</ref> and is the namesake of the [[Chicago school of economics]], the school of economic thought supported by [[Milton Friedman]] and other economists. The university's [[sociology]] department was the first independent sociology department in the United States and gave birth to the [[Chicago school (sociology)|Chicago school of sociology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oberlin.edu/sociolog|title=History of the Department|access-date=August 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428094902/http://www.oberlin.edu/sociolog/|archive-date=April 28, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> In physics, the university was the site of the [[Chicago Pile-1]] (the first controlled, self-sustaining man-made nuclear chain reaction, part of the [[Manhattan Project]]), of [[Robert Millikan]]'s [[oil-drop experiment]] that calculated the charge of the electron,<ref name="oildrop">{{cite web|title=Abstract of Robert A. Millikan Oil Drop Experiment Notebooks|date=January 13, 2009|url=http://caltechln.library.caltech.edu/8/|publisher=Caltech Institute Archives|access-date=September 8, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703071919/http://caltechln.library.caltech.edu/8/|archive-date=July 3, 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> and of the development of [[radiocarbon dating]] by [[Willard F. Libby]] in 1947. The chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth, the [[Miller–Urey experiment]], was conducted at the university. [[REM sleep]] was discovered at the university in 1953 by [[Nathaniel Kleitman]] and [[Eugene Aserinsky]].<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BMPSJTQaFTQC&pg=PA27|title=Climate crash: abrupt climate change and what it means for our future|last=Cox|first=John D.|page=27|quote=In 1947, at the University of Chicago, chemist Willard F. Libby discovered a powerful new technology known as radiocarbon dating. Libby would win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960 for developing this geological clock.|access-date=September 9, 2009|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-09312-5|year=2005}}</ref>
 
The University of Chicago (Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics) operated the [[Yerkes Observatory]] in [[Williams Bay, Wisconsin]] from 1897 until 2018,<ref>{{cite web |title=UChicago activities at Yerkes Observatory to end in 2018 |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/uchicago-activities-yerkes-observatory-end-2018 |website=UChicago News |access-date=28 June 2020 |date=7 March 2018}}</ref> where the largest operating [[refracting telescope]] in the world and other telescopes are located.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
=== Arts ===
[[File:University of Chicago USA3.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Saieh Hall for Economics, housing the Department of Economics and the [[Becker Friedman Institute]].]]
The UChicago Arts program joins academic departments and programs in the Division of the Humanities and the college, as well as professional organizations including the [[Court Theatre (Chicago)|Court Theatre]], the [[University of Chicago Oriental Institute|Oriental Institute]], the [[Smart Museum of Art]], the [[Renaissance Society]], University of Chicago Presents, and student arts organizations. The university has an artist-in-residence program and scholars in performance studies, contemporary art criticism, and film history. It has offered a doctorate in music composition since 1933 and cinema and media studies since 2000, a master of fine arts in visual arts (early 1970s), and a Master of Arts in the humanities with a creative writing track (2000). It has bachelor's degree programs in visual arts, music, and art history, and, more recently, cinema and media studies (1996) and theater and performance studies (2002). The college's general education core includes a "dramatic, musical, and visual arts" requirement, inviting students to study the history of the arts, stage desire, or begin working with sculpture. Several thousand major and non-major undergraduates enroll annually in creative and performing arts classes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arts.uchicago.edu/content/background-and-history |title=Background and History of UChicago Arts |publisher=Arts.uchicago.edu |date=August 5, 2012 |access-date=July 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110215036/http://arts.uchicago.edu/content/background-and-history |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> UChicago is often considered the birthplace of [[improvisational comedy]] as the [[Compass Players]] student comedy troupe evolved into [[The Second City]] improv theater troupe in 1959. The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts opened in October 2012, five years after a $35&nbsp;million gift from alumnus David Logan and his wife Reva. The center includes spaces for exhibitions, performances, classes, and media production. The Logan Center was designed by [[Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects|Tod Williams and Billie Tsien]].
{{Clear}}
 
== Student body and admissions ==
{| style="text-align:center; float:right; font-size:85%; margin-left:2em; " class="wikitable"
|+ '''Student body demographics, spring quarter 2016'''{{cref2|A}}
|-
! style="background:#ffdead;" colspan=5|'''''By sex'''''<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://registrar.uchicago.edu/sites/registrar.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Census-Spring%202016.pdf|title=Spring Quarter 2016 4th Week Quarterly Census Enrollment Reports|publisher=University of Chicago Registrar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905081352/https://registrar.uchicago.edu/sites/registrar.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/Census-Spring%202016.pdf|archive-date=September 5, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|
!College !! Graduate <br /> schools !! Professional <br /> schools !! University <br /> total
|-
|'''Male'''
|52.64%
|60.15%
|59.84%
|57.09%
|-
|'''Female'''
|47.36%
|39.85%
|40.16%
|42.91%
|-
! style="background:#ffdead;" colspan=5|'''''By race'''''<ref name=":0" />
|-
|
!College !! Graduate <br /> schools !! Professional <br /> schools !! University <br /> total
|-
|'''[[International student]]'''
|11.05%
|34.91%
|24.05%
|21.52%
|-
|'''African American'''
|5.30%
|2.64%
|4.27%
|4.34%
|-
|'''[[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]'''
|0.23%
|0.30%
|0.16%
|0.22%
|-
|'''[[Arab]]/Middle Eastern/<br />North African'''
|0.20%
|1.03%
|0.30%
|0.46%
|-
|'''[[Asian people|Asian]]'''
|17.22%
|5.82%
|12.76%
|12.83%
|-
|'''[[Pacific Islander]]'''
|0.05%
|0.03%
|0.02%
|0.04%
|-
|'''[[Hispanic]]/Latino'''
|8.73%
|5.24%
|5.79%
|6.92%
|-
|'''[[Multiracial American|Multiracial]]'''
|3.61%
|2.06%
|1.66%
|2.51%
|-
|'''[[White people|White]]'''
|43.74%
|36.33%
|44.79%
|42.42%
|-
|'''Unspecified'''
|9.88%
|10.42%
|6.20%
|8.73%
|}
 
In Fall 2018, the university enrolled 6,595 undergraduate students, 9,899 graduate students, and 616 non-degree students.<ref>[https://data.uchicago.edu/uchicago_facts_students/ UChicago Facts: Students | data.uchicago.edu<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The college class of 2022 is composed of 51% male students and 49% female students. 23% of the class identify as Asian, 15% as Hispanic, and 9% as Black. 15% of the class is international.<ref name="collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu">[https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/apply/class-2022-profile Class of 2024 Profile | College Admissions<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
Admissions to the University of Chicago has become highly selective over the past two decades, reflecting changes in the application process, school popularity, and marketing strategy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Record-low acceptance rate as applicant numbers increase|url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/2015/04/14/record-low-acceptance-rate-as-applicant-numbers-increase/|access-date=2021-02-07|website=www.chicagomaroon.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Acceptance rate falls by one third, reaching record low of 18 percent|url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/2010/4/2/acceptance-rate-falls-by-one-third-reaching-record-low-of-18-percent/|access-date=2021-04-22|website=www.chicagomaroon.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoover|first=Eric|date=November 5, 2010|title=Application Inflation|url=https://www.chronicle.com/article/application-inflation/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-22|website=[[The Chronicle of Higher Education]]}}</ref> Between 1996 and 2020, the acceptance rate of the college fell from 71% to 6.2%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagomaroon.com/article/2020/4/4/acceptance-rate-class-2024-remains-constant-6-2/|title=Acceptance Rate for Class of 2024 Remains Constant at 6.2 Percent|website=www.chicagomaroon.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=The University of Chicago Magazine: October 2001, Features|url=https://magazine.uchicago.edu/0110/features/abuse.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126132935/https://magazine.uchicago.edu/0110/features/abuse.html|archive-date=January 26, 2021|access-date=2021-02-07|website=magazine.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
 
The middle 50% band of [[SAT]] scores for the undergraduate class of 2022 was 1490–1560 (98th-99th percentiles),<ref name="collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu" /> the average [[MCAT]] score for students entering the Pritzker School of Medicine class of 2022 was 518 (96th percentile),<ref>[https://pritzker.uchicago.edu/admissions/admissions-faq | Pritzker School of Medicine | The University of Chicago<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the median [[GMAT]] score for students entering the full-time Booth MBA program class of 2021 was 730 (96th percentile),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagobooth.edu/programs/full-time |title=Full-Time MBA in Hyde Park, Chicago |publisher=The University of Chicago Booth School of Business |access-date=November 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216151137/https://www.chicagobooth.edu/programs/full-time |archive-date=December 16, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the median [[LSAT]] score for students entering the Law School class of 2021 was 171 (98th percentile).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.law.uchicago.edu/files/Admissions%20Profile%20Card%202018%20FINAL.pdf |title=The University of Chicago – The Law School Profile 2018–2019 |publisher=The University of Chicago |access-date=January 21, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
 
In 2018, the University of Chicago attracted national headlines by becoming the first major research university to no longer require SAT/ACT scores from college applicants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/06/16/now-that-the-university-of-chicago-dropped-its-testing-requirement-for-applicants-will-other-elite-colleges-follow/|title=Perspective {{!}} Now that the University of Chicago dropped its testing requirement for applicants, will other elite colleges follow?|last=Selingo|first=Jeffrey J.|date=June 16, 2018|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=June 18, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617114050/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2018/06/16/now-that-the-university-of-chicago-dropped-its-testing-requirement-for-applicants-will-other-elite-colleges-follow/|archive-date=June 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Athletics ==
[[File:Chicago Maroons logo.svg|thumb|left|Official Athletics logo.]]
{{Main|Chicago Maroons}}
 
The University of Chicago hosts 19 varsity sports teams: 10 men's teams and 9 women's teams,<ref name="sportsfacts">{{cite web|url=http://athletics.uchicago.edu/about/quick_facts|title=Quick Facts: 2012–13 Summary|access-date=April 23, 2014|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325055237/http://athletics.uchicago.edu/about/quick_facts|archive-date=March 25, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> all called the [[Chicago Maroons|Maroons]], with 502 students participating in the 2012–2013 school year.<ref name="sportsfacts" />
 
The Maroons compete in the [[NCAA]]'s [[NCAA Division III|Division III]] as members of the [[University Athletic Association]] (UAA). The university was a founding member of the [[Big Ten Conference]] and participated in the [[NCAA]] Division I men's basketball and football and was a regular participant in the men's basketball tournament. In 1935, the University of Chicago reached the Sweet Sixteen.<ref name="sportsfacts"/> In 1935, [[Chicago Maroons football]] player [[Jay Berwanger]] became the first winner of the [[Heisman Trophy]]. However, the university chose to withdraw from the Big Ten Conference in 1946 after University president [[Robert Maynard Hutchins]] de-emphasized varsity athletics in 1939 and dropped football.<ref>{{cite book| last=McNeill|first=William Hardy|year=1991|title=Hutchins' University: A Memoir of the University of Chicago, 1929–1950| place=[[Chicago]]|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-56170-4}}</ref> In 1969, Chicago reinstated football as a Division III team, resuming playing its home games at the new [[Stagg Field]]. UChicago is also the home of the [[ultimate frisbee]] team Chicago Junk.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://play.usaultimate.org/teams/events/Eventteam/?TeamId=E7VspW1%252fxt%252fz5lTgvNMD%252fGR4hMNZfqaKawVv0M5UY3U%253d |title= USA Ultimate Events, Teams and Member Accounts |website= play.usaultimate.org |access-date= May 14, 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
== Student life ==<!-- This section is linked to from Template:UChicago. If you change this section heading, make sure to update that temlate as well. -->
[[File:Reynoldsclub.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.9|The university's Reynolds Club, the student center.]]
 
=== Student organizations ===<!-- This section is linked to from Template:UChicago. If you change this section heading, make sure to update that temlate as well. -->
<!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: please do not add to this list unless it is a notable example that can be verified with multiple sources that are not directly from the university or the organization itself. If you're in doubt, ask on the talk page. Thanks! -->
Students at the University of Chicago operate more than 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs).<ref name="activities">{{cite web|title=Student Activities|publisher=University of Chicago Office of College Admissions|year=2008|access-date=June 27, 2009|url=https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/studentlife/activities/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510055415/http://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/studentlife/activities/|archive-date=May 10, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="rsodatabase" /> These include cultural and religious groups, academic clubs and teams, and common-interest organizations.<ref name="rsodatabase">{{cite web|title=UChicago Student Activities Database|access-date=June 27, 2009|url=https://studentactivities.uchicago.edu/php/public/search.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609210431/https://studentactivities.uchicago.edu/php/public/search.php|archive-date=June 9, 2010}}</ref> Notable extracurricular groups include the University of Chicago College Bowl Team, which has won 118 tournaments and 15 national championships, leading both categories internationally. The university's competitive Model United Nations team was the top-ranked team in North America in 2013–14, 2014–2015, 2015–2016, and again for the 2017–2018 season. The university's Model UN team is also the first to be in the top 5 for almost a decade, according to Best Delegate. Among notable student organizations are the nation's longest continuously running student film society [[Doc Films]], the organizing committee for the [[University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt]], the weekly student newspaper ''[[The Chicago Maroon]]'', the satirical ''[[Chicago Shady Dealer]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12346296|title=10 unusual names for a newspaper|date=February 3, 2011|work=BBC News|access-date=March 15, 2017|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031758/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-12346296|archive-date=March 16, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> the nation's second-oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe ''[[Off-Off Campus]]'', and the investment club ''[[The Blue Chips]]''.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
The University of Chicago is home to eight student-run a cappella groups, several of which compete regularly at the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella (ICCA). The most prominent of these is the Voices (formerly Voices In Your Head), one of only six ensembles in the world to compete at ICCA finals four times. Voices placed 4th in 2012, 2nd in 2015 and 2017, and 3rd in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-12|title=Results|url=https://varsityvocals.com/results-page/|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Varsity Vocals|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2020, The A Cappella Archive ranked Voices at #5 out of all ICCA-competing groups.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The A Cappella Archive - Rankings & Records|url=https://sites.google.com/view/the-a-cappella-archive/varsity-vocals/rankings-records|access-date=2020-10-07|website=sites.google.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
 
==== Student government ====
All recognized student organizations, from the [[University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt]] to Model UN, in addition to academic teams, sports clubs, arts groups, and more are funded by [[The University of Chicago Student Government]]. Student Government consists of graduate and undergraduate students elected to represent members from their respective academic units. It is led by an executive committee, chaired by a president with the assistance of two vice presidents, one for administration and the other for student life, elected together as a slate by the student body each spring. Its annual budget is greater than $2&nbsp;million.<ref name="studgovt">{{cite web|title=UChicago SG|publisher=University of Chicago Student Government|year=2014|access-date=July 20, 2014|url=http://sg.uchicago.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724183022/http://sg.uchicago.edu/|archive-date=July 24, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== Fraternities and sororities ===
There are 13 [[Fraternities and Sororities|fraternities]] at the university: [[Alpha Delta Phi]] (Chicago chapter), [[Alpha Epsilon Pi]] (Lambda chapter), [[Alpha Sigma Phi]], [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] (Delta Delta), [[Delta Upsilon]] (Chicago chapter), [[Lambda Phi Epsilon]] (Psi chapter), [[Phi Delta Theta]] (Beta chapter), [[Phi Gamma Delta]] (Chi Upsilon chapter), [[Phi Iota Alpha]] (Chicago Colony chapter), [[Psi Upsilon]] (Omega chapter), [[Sigma Chi]] (Omicron Omicron chapter), [[Sigma Phi Epsilon]] (Omicron Omicron chapter) and [[Zeta Psi]] (Omega Alpha chapter). There are four [[Fraternities and Sororities|sororities]]: [[Alpha Omicron Pi]] (Phi Chi chapter), [[Delta Gamma]] (Eta Zeta chapter), [[Kappa Alpha Theta]] (Epsilon Phi chapter) and [[Pi Beta Phi]] (IL Kappa chapter) at the University of Chicago,<ref name="Greek" /> as well as one co-ed community service fraternity are [[Alpha Phi Omega]] (Gamma Sigma chapter).<ref>{{cite web|title=Fraternies and Sororities |year=2007 |publisher=University of Chicago Admissions |url=https://studentactivities.uchicago.edu/php/public/search.phtml |access-date=March 12, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904183806/https://studentactivities.uchicago.edu/php/public/search.phtml |archive-date=September 4, 2006 }}</ref>  Social fraternities and sororities are not recognized by the university as registered student organizations. Four of the sororities are members of the [[National Panhellenic Conference]]<ref name="frats" /> There is no [[Interfraternity Council]] on campus. The Multicultural Greek Council (MGC) consists of 3 fraternities and 4 sororities: [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] fraternity (Theta chapter), [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]] sorority (Beta chapter), [[Delta Sigma Theta]] sorority (Lambda chapter), [[Phi Iota Alpha]] fraternity (University of Chicago Colony), [[Lambda Phi Epsilon]] fraternity (Psi chapter), [[Lambda Pi Chi]] sorority (Chi chapter), and [[alpha Kappa Delta Phi]] sorority (University of Chicago, associate chapter). {{as of|2017}}, approximately 20 to 25 percent of students are members of fraternities or sororities.<ref name="frats">{{Cite journal|last=Golus|first=Carrie|url=http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0210/features/geeks.html|newspaper=University of Chicago Magazine|date=October 2002|volume=95|issue=1|title=Geeks Go Greek|access-date=January 10, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209072901/http://magazine.uchicago.edu/0210/features/geeks.html|archive-date=December 9, 2006|url-status=live}}</ref> This is an increase from the numbers published in the year 2007 by the student activities office stating that one in ten undergraduates participated in Greek life.<ref name="Greek">{{cite web | title=Greek Life On Campus | year=2007 | publisher=University of Chicago Office of Registered Clubs and Student Activities | url=http://studentactivities.uchicago.edu/involved/greek.shtml | access-date=March 8, 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211235147/http://studentactivities.uchicago.edu/involved/greek.shtml | archive-date=February 11, 2007 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
 
=== Student housing ===
[[File:Blue, orange and pink.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|alt=An orange brick building with pink window frames and a blue roof|[[Max Palevsky Residential Commons]], a dormitory completed in 2001 designed by postmodernist Mexican architect [[Ricardo Legorreta]].]]
{{main|Housing at the University of Chicago}}
On-campus undergraduate students at the University of Chicago participate in a [[house system]] in which each student is assigned to one of the university's 7 [[residence hall]] buildings and to a smaller community within their residence hall called a "house". There are 39 houses, with an average of 70 students in each house.<ref name="collegehousing">{{cite web|url=http://housing.uchicago.edu/houses_houses/|title=Houses and Halls|publisher=The University of Chicago|access-date=September 14, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922050142/http://housing.uchicago.edu/houses_houses/|archive-date=September 22, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Traditionally only first years were required to live in housing, starting with the Class of 2023, students are required to live in housing for the first 2 years of enrollment.<ref name="housing2">{{cite web|url=https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/studentlife/housing.shtml|title=Housing and Dining|publisher=University of Chicago Office of College Admissions|access-date=September 10, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508132739/http://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/studentlife/housing.shtml|archive-date=May 8, 2009}}</ref> About 60% of undergraduate students live on campus.<ref name="housing2"/>
 
For graduate students, the university owns and operates 28 apartment buildings near campus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://reo.uchicago.edu/graduate_housing/index.shtml|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721041957/http://reo.uchicago.edu/graduate_housing/index.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 21, 2012|title=About Graduate Housing|access-date=July 24, 2009}}</ref>
 
=== Traditions ===
[[File:Scavrace1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Qwazy Quad Rally, [[University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt|Scav Hunt]] 2005, item #38.]]
<!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: please do not add to this list unless it is a notable example that can be verified with multiple sources that are not directly from the university or the organization itself. If you're in doubt, ask on the talk page. Thanks! -->
{{Main|Doc Films|University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt}}
 
Every May since 1987, the University of Chicago has held the [[University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt]], in which large teams of students compete to obtain notoriously esoteric items from a list.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/05/050505.scavhunt.shtml|publisher=University of Chicago News Office|access-date=June 13, 2005|title=World's largest Scavenger Hunt begins in Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050507235316/http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/05/050505.scavhunt.shtml|archive-date=May 7, 2005|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 1963, the Festival of the Arts (FOTA) takes over campus for 7–10 days of exhibitions and interactive artistic endeavors.<ref>fota.uchicago.edu</ref> Every January, the university holds a week-long winter festival, Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko (Kuvia), which includes early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops. The university also annually holds a summer carnival and concert called Summer Breeze that hosts outside musicians and is home to [[Doc Films]], a student film society founded in 1932 that screens films nightly at the university. Since 1946, the university has organized the [[Latke-Hamantash Debate]], which involves humorous discussions about the relative merits and meanings of [[latke]]s and [[hamantash]]en.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
== People ==
{{Main list|List of University of Chicago people}}
{{Further|List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Chicago}}
 
{{as of|2020|October||df=}}, there have been [[List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Chicago|100 Nobel laureates]] affiliated with the University of Chicago,<ref name="uchicago1">{{cite web|title=Nobel Laureates|date=December 10, 2008|publisher=The University of Chicago|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/nobel/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426222348/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/nobel/|archive-date=April 26, 2009|access-date=October 4, 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> 21 of whom were pursuing research or on faculty at the university at the time of the award announcement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/universities.html|title=Nobel Laureates and Universities|publisher=Nobel Foundation|year=2008|access-date=March 18, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410035330/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/universities.html|archive-date=April 10, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> Notable alumni and faculty affiliated with the university include [[List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of Chicago#Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics|33 Nobel laureates in Economics]].<ref name="Nobel Laureates">{{cite web|url=https://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/22/|title=Nobel Laureates|website=The University of Chicago|access-date=September 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160929034410/http://www.uchicago.edu/about/accolades/22/|archive-date=September 29, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
In addition, many Chicago alumni and scholars have won the [[Fulbright Program|Fulbright awards]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/060608/fulbright.shtml|title=Graduate students win Fulbright-Hays fellowships|last=Harms|first=William|access-date=July 30, 2009|date=June 8, 2006|volume=8|publisher=University of Chicago Chronicle|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715175242/http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/060608/fulbright.shtml|archive-date=July 15, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> and 54 have matriculated as [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]].<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.rhodesscholar.org/assets/uploads/RS_Number%20of%20Winners%20by%20Institution_1_15_16.pdf|title=Rhodes Scholarships – Number of Winners by Institution – U.S. Rhodes Scholars 1904–2016|access-date=May 23, 2016|publisher=The Rhodes Trust|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221145840/http://www.rhodesscholar.org/assets/uploads/RS_Number%20of%20Winners%20by%20Institution_1_15_16.pdf|archive-date=February 21, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
=== Alumni ===
{{Main list|List of University of Chicago alumni}}
 
[[File:Enrico Fermi 1943-49.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|right|Physicist [[Enrico Fermi]]]]
 
In 2019, the University of Chicago claimed 188,000 alumni.<ref name="About"/> While the university's first president, [[William Rainey Harper]] stressed the importance of perennial theory over practicality in his institution's curriculum, this has not stopped the alumni of Chicago from being among the wealthiest in the world.<ref name="mic.com"/><ref name="timeshighereducation.co.uk"/><ref name="abcnews.go.com"/>
 
In business, notable alumni include [[Microsoft]] CEO [[Satya Nadella]], [[Oracle Corporation]] founder and the sixth-richest man in America [[Larry Ellison]] (who attended for one term but chose to leave before final exams), [[Goldman Sachs]] and [[MF Global]] CEO as well as former [[governor of New Jersey]] [[Jon Corzine]], [[McKinsey & Company]] founder and author of the first [[management accounting]] textbook [[James O. McKinsey]], co-founder of the [[Blackstone Group]] [[Peter G. Peterson]], co-founder of [[AQR Capital Management]] [[Cliff Asness]], founder of [[Dimensional Fund Advisors]] [[David G. Booth|David Booth]], founder of [[the Carlyle Group]] [[David Rubenstein]], former COO of Goldman Sachs [[Andrew Alper]], billionaire investor and founder of [[Oaktree Capital Management]] [[Howard Marks (investor)]], [[Bloomberg L.P.]] CEO [[Daniel Doctoroff]], [[Credit Suisse]] CEO [[Brady Dougan]], [[Morningstar, Inc.]] founder and CEO [[Joe Mansueto]], [[Chicago Cubs]] owner and chairman [[Thomas S. Ricketts]], and [[NBA]] commissioner [[Adam Silver]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
[[File:William Lyon Mackenzie King 1942.jpg|upright=0.55|thumb|left|[[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] in 1947.]][[File:John Paul Stevens, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg|upright=0.55|thumb|left|[[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice [[John Paul Stevens]]]]
 
Notable alumni in the field of law, government and politics include [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] justice [[John Paul Stevens]]; the [[Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales|lord chief justice of England and Wales]] [[John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd|Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd]]; President of the [[Supreme Court of Israel]] [[Shimon Agranat]]; [[Attorney General of the United States|Attorney General]] and federal judge [[Robert Bork]]; [[Attorney General of the United States|attorneys general]] [[Ramsey Clark]], [[John Ashcroft]] and [[Edward Levi]]; [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]; [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|33rd prime minister of New Zealand]] [[Geoffrey Palmer (politician)]]; [[Prime Minister of Poland|11th prime minister of Poland]] [[Marek Belka]]; former [[Vice President of the Republic of China|Taiwan Vice President]] [[Lien Chan]]; Governor of the Bank of Japan [[Masaaki Shirakawa]]; [[David Axelrod (political consultant)|David Axelrod]], advisor to [[President of the United States|presidents]] [[Barack Obama]] and [[Bill Clinton]]; the founder of modern [[community organizing]] [[Saul Alinsky]]; [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] agent [[Eliot Ness]]; political scientist and Sino-American expert [[Tsou Tang]]; current Chicago mayor [[Lori Lightfoot]]; the first female [[List of African-American United States Senators|African-American senator]] [[Carol Moseley Braun]]; [[United States Senator|United States senator]] from [[Vermont]] and Democratic presidential candidate in [[Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016|2016]] and [[Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2020|2020]] [[Bernie Sanders]]; former [[World Bank]] president [[Paul Wolfowitz]]; and [[Amien Rais]], professor and former chairman of the [[People's Consultative Assembly]] of the Republic of Indonesia.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
Notable alumni who are leaders in higher education, have emerged from almost all parts of the university: college president and chancellor [[Rebecca Chopp]]; current president of [[Middlebury College]] [[Laurie L. Patton]]; master of [[Clare College, Cambridge]] and [[Vice-Chancellor|vice-chancellor]] of [[University of Cambridge]] [[Eric Ashby, Baron Ashby]]; president of [[Princeton University]] [[Christopher L. Eisgruber]]; former president of [[Morehouse College]] [[Robert M. Franklin, Jr.]]; president of the [[Open University of Israel]] [[Jacob Metzer]]; and president of [[Shimer College]] [[Susan Henking]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
In journalism, notable alumni include ''[[New York Times]]'' columnist and commentator on ''[[PBS News Hour]]'' [[David Brooks (journalist)|David Brooks]], ''[[Washington Post]]'' columnist [[David S. Broder|David Broder]], ''[[Washington Post]]'' publisher [[Katharine Graham]], reporter and commentator [[Virginia Graham]], investigative journalist and political writer [[Seymour Hersh]], ''[[The Progressive]]'' columnist [[Milton Mayer]], four-time Pulitzer Prize winning journalist [[Rick Atkinson]], statistical analyst and ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' founder and creator [[Nate Silver]], and CBS News correspondent [[Rebecca Jarvis]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
In literature, author of the New York Times bestseller ''[[Before I Fall]]'' [[Lauren Oliver]], [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning novelist [[Philip Roth]]; Canadian-born [[Pulitzer Prize]] and [[Nobel Prize for Literature]] winning writer [[Saul Bellow]]; political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller ''[[The Closing of the American Mind]]'' [[Allan Bloom]]; author of ''[[The Big Country (Hamilton novel)|The Big Country]]'' and [[Matt Helm]] spy novels [[Donald Hamilton]]; ''[[The Good War]]'' author [[Studs Terkel]]; writer, essayist, filmmaker, teacher, and political activist [[Susan Sontag]]; [[analytic philosophy|analytic philosopher]] and [[Stanford University]] professor of [[Comparative literature]] [[Richard Rorty]]; [[Cultural critic|cultural commentator]], author, and president of St. Stephen's College (now [[Bard College]]) [[Bernard Iddings Bell]]; and novelist and satirist [[Kurt Vonnegut]] are notable alumni.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
In the arts and entertainment, [[minimal music|minimalist]] composer [[Philip Glass]], dancer, choreographer and leader in the field of [[ethnochoreology|dance anthropology]] [[Katherine Dunham]], [[Bungie]] founder and developer of the ''[[Halo (series)|Halo]]'' video game series [[Alex Seropian]], [[Serial (podcast)|Serial]] host [[Sarah Koenig]], actor [[Ed Asner]], actress [[Anna Chlumsky]], [[Pulitzer Prize for Criticism]] winning film critic and the subject of the 2014 documentary film ''[[Life Itself (2014 film)|Life Itself]]'' [[Roger Ebert]], director, writer, and comedian [[Mike Nichols]], film director and screenwriter [[Philip Kaufman]], and photographer and writer [[Carl Van Vechten]], photographer and writer, are graduates.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
[[File:Carl Sagan - 1980.jpg|upright=0.55|thumb|left|Astronomer [[Carl Sagan]] in 1980]]
In science, alumni include astronomers [[Carl Sagan]], a prominent contributor to the scientific research of [[extraterrestrial life]], and [[Edwin Hubble]], known for "[[Hubble's Law]]", [[NASA]] astronaut [[John M. Grunsfeld]], geneticist [[James Watson]], best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of [[DNA]], vaccinologist [[Maurice Hilleman]], whose vaccines save nearly 8 million lives each year, experimental physicist [[Luis Walter Alvarez|Luis Alvarez]], popular environmentalist [[David Suzuki]], nuclear physicist and researcher [[Stanton T. Friedman]], balloonist [[Jeannette Piccard]], biologists [[Ernest Everett Just]] and [[Lynn Margulis]], computer scientist [[Richard Hamming]], the creator of the [[Hamming Code]], [[lithium-ion battery]] developer [[John B. Goodenough]], mathematician and [[Fields Medal]] recipient [[Paul Joseph Cohen]], geochemist [[Clair Cameron Patterson]], who developed the [[uranium–lead dating]] method into [[lead–lead dating]], geologist and geophysicist [[M. King Hubbert]], known for the [[Hubbert curve]] and [[Hubbert peak theory]], the main components of [[peak oil]], and "Queen of Carbon" [[Mildred Dresselhaus]]. [[Ray Solomonoff]], one of the founders of the field of [[machine learning]] as well as [[Kolmogorov complexity]], got a BS and MS in physics in 1951, studying under [[Rudolf Carnap]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
[[File:Portrait of Milton Friedman.jpg|upright=0.7|thumb|right|[[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] winner [[Milton Friedman]] in 2004.]]
In economics, notable [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences]] winners [[Milton Friedman]], a major advisor to Republican U.S. president [[Ronald Reagan]], Conservative British prime minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] and Chilean military dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]], [[George Stigler]], Nobel laureate and proponent of [[regulatory capture]] theory, [[Herbert A. Simon]], responsible for the modern interpretation of the concept of organizational decision-making, [[Paul Samuelson]], the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and [[Eugene Fama]], known for his work on [[modern portfolio theory|portfolio theory]], [[valuation (finance)|asset pricing]] and stock market behavior, are all graduates. American [[economist]], [[social theory|social theorist]], [[political philosophy|political philosopher]], and author [[Thomas Sowell]] is also an alumnus. Brazil's minister of the economy [[Paulo Guedes]] received his Ph.D. from UChicago in 1978.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
Other prominent alumni include anthropologists [[David Graeber]] and [[Donald Johanson]], who is best known for discovering the fossil of a female hominid [[australopithecine]] known as "[[Lucy (Australopithecus)|Lucy]]" in the [[Afar Triangle]] region, psychologist [[John B. Watson]], American psychologist who established the [[list of psychological schools|psychological school]] of [[behaviorism]], [[communication theory|communication theorist]] [[Harold Innis]], chess grandmaster [[Samuel Reshevsky]], and conservative international relations scholar and [[White House]] coordinator of security planning for the [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] [[Samuel P. Huntington]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
[[American Civil Rights Movement]] leaders [[Vernon Johns]], considered by some to be the founder of the American Civil Rights Movement, American educator, socialist and cofounder of the Highlander Folk School [[Myles Horton]], civil rights attorney and chairman of the [[Fair Employment Practices Committee]] [[Earl B. Dickerson]], [[Tuskegee Airmen]] commander [[Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.]], African-American history scholar and journalist [[Carter G. Woodson]], and Nubian scholar [[Solange Ashby]] are all alumni.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
Three students from the university have been prosecuted in notable court cases: the infamous thrill killers [[Leopold and Loeb|Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb]] and high school science teacher [[John T. Scopes]] who was tried in the [[Scopes Monkey Trial]] for teaching [[evolution]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
=== Faculty ===
{{Main list|List of University of Chicago faculty}}
 
[[File:Archway at the University of Chicago.jpg|thumb|The archway between Bond Chapel and Swift Hall, home of the university's Divinity School]]
 
Notable faculty in economics include [[Frank Knight]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[George Stigler]], [[James Heckman]], [[Gary Becker]], [[Robert Fogel]], [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]], and [[Eugene Fama]].<ref name="Nobel Laureates"/> Additionally, the [[John Bates Clark Medal]], which is rewarded annually to the best economist under the age of 40, has also been awarded to 4 current members of the university faculty.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Guibert|first1=Susan|title=Chicago Booth's Gentzkow awarded 2014 Clark Medal|url=https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/04/18/chicago-booth-s-gentzkow-awarded-2014-clark-medal|access-date=November 13, 2017|publisher=UChicago News|date=April 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113113035/https://news.uchicago.edu/article/2014/04/18/chicago-booth-s-gentzkow-awarded-2014-clark-medal|archive-date=November 13, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator [[A. A. Michelson]], elementary charge calculator [[Robert A. Millikan]], discoverer of the [[Compton Effect]] [[Arthur H. Compton]], the creator of the first nuclear reactor [[Enrico Fermi]], "the father of the [[hydrogen bomb]]" [[Edward Teller]], "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century" [[Luis Walter Alvarez]], [[Murray Gell-Mann]] who introduced the [[quark]], second female Nobel laureate [[Maria Goeppert-Mayer]], the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize [[Tsung-Dao Lee]], and [[astrophysicist]] [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
In law, former U.S. president [[Barack Obama]], the most cited legal scholar of the 20th century [[Richard Posner]], Supreme Court justices [[Elena Kagan]], [[Antonin Scalia]], and [[John Paul Stevens]], and Nobel laureate in economics [[Ronald Coase]] have served on the faculty.  Other distinguished scholars who have served on the faculty include [[Karl Llewellyn]], [[Edward Levi]], and [[Cass Sunstein]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
Philosophers who were members of the faculty include [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]]-winning philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]], [[John Dewey]] (central figure in [[pragmatism]] and founder of [[functional psychology]]), philosopher and political theorist [[Hannah Arendt]], [[George H. Mead]] (who is considered one of the founders of [[social psychology]] and the American sociological tradition), and [[Leo Strauss]] (prominent philosopher and the founder of the Straussian School in philosophy). Notable writers [[T.S. Eliot]],{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}} [[Ralph Ellison]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ellison, Ralph : Photographic Archive : The University of Chicago|url=http://photoarchive.lib.uchicago.edu/db.xqy?one=apf1-05960.xml|access-date=2021-09-01|website=photoarchive.lib.uchicago.edu}}</ref> and [[J.M. Coetzee]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty receive DSPs, named professorships|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/030925/dsp-named.shtml|access-date=2021-09-01|website=chronicle.uchicago.edu}}</ref> have all served on the faculty.
 
Past faculty have also included astronomer [[Gerard Kuiper]], biochemist and [[National Women's Hall of Fame]] member [[Florence B. Seibert]], biologist [[Susan Lindquist]], chemists [[Glenn T. Seaborg]], [[Yuan T. Lee]] (the developer of the [[actinide concept]] and Nobel Prize winner), egyptologist [[James Henry Breasted]], mathematician [[Alberto Calderón]], [[Friedrich Hayek]] (one of the leading figures of the [[Austrian School of Economics]] and Nobel prize winner), meteorologist [[Ted Fujita]], linguistic anthropologust [[Michael Silverstein]], Nobel Prize winning novelist [[Saul Bellow]], political philosopher and author [[Allan Bloom]], [[conservative]] political philosopher and historian [[Richard M. Weaver]], cancer researchers [[Charles Brenton Huggins]] and [[Janet Rowley]], one of the most important figures in the early development of the discipline of linguistics [[Edward Sapir]], the founder of [[McKinsey & Co.]] [[James O. McKinsey]], and Nobel Prize-winning physicist [[James Cronin]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}
 
Current faculty include the philosophers [[Jean-Luc Marion]], [[James F. Conant]], [[Robert Pippin]], and [[Kyoto Prize]] winner [[Martha Nussbaum]]; political scientists [[John Mearsheimer]] and [[Robert Pape]]; anthropologist [[Marshall Sahlins]]; historians [[Dipesh Chakrabarty]], [[David Nirenberg]], and [[Kenneth Pomeranz]];  paleontologists [[Neil Shubin]] and [[Paul Sereno]]; evolutionary biologist [[Jerry Coyne]]; Nobel Prize-winning economists [[Eugene Fama]], [[James Heckman]], [[Lars Peter Hansen]], [[Roger Myerson]], [[Richard Thaler]], and [[Robert Lucas, Jr.]]; [[Freakonomics]] author and noted economist [[Steven Levitt]]; erstwhile governor of India's [[Reserve Bank of India|central bank]] [[Raghuram Rajan]]; and former chairman of President [[Barack Obama]]'s [[Council of Economic Advisors]] [[Austan Goolsbee]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commonscat|University of Chicago}}
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* {{Official website|http://www.uchicago.edu/}}
* {{Official website}}
* [http://athletics.uchicago.edu/ Official athletics website]
* [http://www.illinoisgreatplaces.com/#welcome Illinois Great Places] - [http://www.illinoisgreatplaces.com/#detail/university_of_chicago_quadrangle-081/type=educational/city=chicago University of Chicago Quadrangles]
* [http://mag.uchicago.edu/ University of Chicago Magazine website]
* [http://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/IL-01-031-0093 Society of Architectural Historians SAH ARCHIPEDIA entry on the University of Chicago Quadrangles]
* [http://photofiles.lib.uchicago.edu/browse-buildings-and-grounds.html Archival Photographic Files University of Chicago Library]
 
* [http://news.uchicago.edu/article/2012/05/08/college-alumnus-arley-d-cathey-pledges-17-million Alumnus Arley D. Cathey pledges $17 million]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chicago, University Of}}
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[[Category:University of Chicago| ]]
[[Category:Association of American Universities]]
[[Category:1890 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Colleges and universities in Chicago]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1890]]
[[Category:1890 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Illinois|University of Chicago]]
[[Category:1890s establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Hyde Park, Chicago]]
[[Category:Institutions founded by the Rockefeller family]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Chicago]]
[[Category:Private universities and colleges in Illinois|University of Chicago]]

Revision as of 23:43, 10 June 2022

The University of Chicago
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Julius Rosenwald Hall
Latin: Universitas Chicaginiensis
MottoCrescat scientia; vita excolatur (Latin)
Motto in English
Let knowledge grow from more to more; and so be human life enriched[1]
TypePrivate
Established1890[1]
Academic affiliations
AAU
NAICU
URA
Endowment$7.928 billion (2018)[2]
PresidentRobert J. Zimmer
ProvostDaniel Diermeier
Academic staff
2,859[3]
Administrative staff
15,949 (including employees of the University of Chicago Medical Center)[3]
Students16,445
Undergraduates6,286[1]
Postgraduates10,159[1]
Location
Chicago
,
Illinois
,
United States
CampusUrban
217 acres (87.8 ha) (Main Campus)[4] 41°47′23″N 87°35′59″W / 41.78972°N 87.59972°W / 41.78972; -87.59972
42 acres (17.0 ha) (Warren Woods Ecological Field Station, Warren Woods State Park)[5]
30 acres (12.1 ha) (Yerkes Observatory)
ColorsMaroon and White[6]
   
NicknameMaroons
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III – UAA
MascotPhil the Phoenix
Websitewww.uchicago.edu

The University of Chicago is a university in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois. It started when the American Baptist Education Society used money from John D. Rockefeller to build it. The university began in 1890. William Rainey Harper was the university's first president in 1891. The first classes were held in 1892.

Background

Many people think it is one of the best universities in the world. Its students get a strong liberal arts education. The university also does important research work. Some of this research work is for the United States government.

The university is known for providing good education in economics (the study of the economy), linguistics (the study of language), social science (the study of society), and mathematics (the study of numbers). Physicists at the University of Chicago built the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction.[7] The university spends $472 million on sponsored research each year.

The University of Chicago has had about 90 Nobel Prize winners.[8] (The Nobel Prize is received for using one's intelligence to contribute meaningfully to society.)

Types of schools

The university has six graduate professional schools:

  • Divinity School
  • Chicago Booth School of Business
  • Law School
  • Pritzker School of Medicine
  • Harris School of Public Policy Studies
  • School of Social Service Administration.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "About the University". The University of Chicago. 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.
  2. ↑ As of June 30, 2018. "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 Endowment Market Value and Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2017 to FY 2018" (PDF). National Association of College and University Business Officers and Commonfund Institute. 2018. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Faculty and Staff, at a glance". University of Chicago Data. University of Chicago. Archived from the original on March 31, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
  4. ↑ "About the University". The University of Chicago. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  5. ↑ "University of Chicago opens groundbreaking sustainable field station". The University of Chicago. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  6. ↑ The University of Chicago Identity Guidelines (PDF). Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  7. ↑ Angelo, Joseph A. (November 30, 2004). Nuclear Technology. Greenwood Press. p. 1. ISBN 1-57356-336-6.
  8. ↑ "University of Chicago Nobel Laureates, University of Chicago Nobel Laureates". Retrieved October 13, 2011.

External links

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