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Vellore is an important city in [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is the headquarters of [[Vellore district]]. It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 87km<sup>2</sup>.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.<ref>population.city/india/vellore/</ref>Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:[[Christian Medical College Hospital]] and VIT University.
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Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products.<ref name=VDA1>{{cite web|title=Activities and schemes operated by District Industries Centre, Vellore district|url=http://vellore.nic.in/dic.htm|publisher=Vellore District Administration|access-date=2013-07-07|archive-date=2013-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130920034327/http://vellore.nic.in/dic.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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[[Vellore Fort]], Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, [[Amirthi Zoological Park]], Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and [[Yelagiri]] Hill station are the  top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.
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{{more citations needed|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Vellore
| other_name                      =
| settlement_type                = City
| image_skyline                  = Vellore Skyline Montage 1.jpg
| image_caption                  = Clockwise from the top: [[Vellore Fort]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vellore|Assumption Cathedral]], [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Jalakandeswarar Temple]], [[Christian Medical College & Hospital]], [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] Campus, [[Amirthi Zoological Park]], Paragliding at [[Yelagiri]] and [[Sripuram|Srilakshmi Golden Temple]]
| nickname                        = Fort City / Second Madras / Medical Hub of India
| map_alt                        =
| map_caption                    =
| pushpin_map                    = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_map_alt                =
| pushpin_map_caption            =
| coordinates                    = {{coord|12.920219|N|79.133306|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3              = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[Tondai Nadu]]
| subdivision_name3              = [[Vellore district|Vellore]]
| subdivision_type4              = [[Administrative divisions of India|Zones]]
| subdivision_name4              = Vellore North ([[Katpadi]])
 
Vellore East ([[Sathuvachari]])
 
[[Vellore Fort]]
 
Vellore West([[Shenbakkam]])
| subdivision_type5              = Smart City Ranking [[India]]
| subdivision_name5              = Tenth
| established_title              = <!-- Established -->
| established_date                =
| founder                        = Unknown
| named_for                      = Heritage and culture
| government_type                =
| governing_body                  = [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]] Vellore Metropolitan Area
| leader_title                    = Mayor
| leader_name                    =
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="Government of Tamil Nadu">{{cite web|title=Vellore Corporation GO No.221 dated 28.09.2010|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/gorders/maws_t_221_2010.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2014-02-18}}</ref>
| area_metro_km2                  = 87.915
| elevation_footnotes            =
| elevation_m                    = 216
| population_total                = 504079
| population_as_of                = 2011
| population_metro                = 687981
| population_footnotes            = <ref name="UA_2011">{{cite web|title=Vellore Corporation - Population |url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/vellore/population |format=XLS |publisher=[[Commissionerate of Municipal Administration - Tamil Nadu]] |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315050316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2016 }}</ref>
| population_density_km2          =
| population_rank                = [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|8th in Tamil Nadu]]
| population_demonym              = Vellorekaran, Vellorian
| demographics_type1              = Language
| demographics1_title1            = Official
| demographics1_info1            = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +5:30
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = 632×××
| area_code                      = 91- 416
| area_code_type                  = Telephone code
| registration_plate              = TN 23
| blank1_name_sec1                = Distance from [[Chennai]] City limits
| blank1_info_sec1                = {{convert|101|km|mi}}
| blank2_name_sec2                = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec2                = [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]]
| website                        = {{URL|https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/vellore/}}
| leader_title2                  = MLA
| leader_name2                    =
| official_name                  =
}}
 
'''Vellore''' ({{IPA-ta|ʋeːluːɾ|lang}}) is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Vellore district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located on the banks of the [[Palar River]] in the northeastern part of [[Tamil Nadu]] and is separated into four zones that are further subdivided into 60 wards,covering an area of 87.915&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and housing a population of 5,69,000 as on 2020.<ref name="Government of Tamil Nadu"/><ref name="The Hindu">{{cite news|title= Extended Vellore Corporation to have 60 divisions|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/extended-vellore-corporation-to-have-60-divisions/article2428679.ece|work=The Hindu}}</ref> It is located about {{convert|137.20|km|mi|0|abbr=}} west of [[Chennai]], and about {{convert|213.20|km|mi|0|abbr=}} east of [[Bangalore]]. Vellore connects [[Mumbai]] - Chennai and Vellore connects most of the Indian cities. Vellore is governed under a [[mayor]] and the [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]]. It is a part of both the [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha]] and [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|state assembly]] constituencies of Vellore.
 
Vellore is the home to [[Christian Medical College & Hospital]],<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/CMC-exhibition-focuses-on-pregnancy-and-diabetes/article16443529.ece|title=CMC exhibition focuses on pregnancy and diabetes|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-26|language=en}}</ref> the [[Vellore Institute of Technology|Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)]]<ref name="vit.ac.in">https://vit.ac.in/</ref> and [[Golden Temple, Sripuram|Sripuram Golden Temple.]]
 
The Vellore region is the largest exporter of finished [[leather]] goods in the country. Leather exports from Vellore account for more than 37% of India's leather exports and leather-related products.<ref name=VDA1>{{cite web|title=Activities and schemes operated by District Industries Centre, Vellore district|url=http://vellore.nic.in/dic.htm|publisher=Vellore District Administration |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
Vellore is one of 27 cities chosen by the&nbsp;Government of India to take part in the country's [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref name="Staff Reporter">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Vellore-makes-it-to-smart-cities-list/article14991598.ece|title=Vellore makes it to smart cities list|author=Staff Reporter|date=2016-09-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-06|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
 
==Etymology==
According to a legend, many [[Vachellia nilotica|babul trees]] (known locally as '''velan''' trees) surrounded this region, which led to the name "Vellore".<ref name="urbaninfra12" />
 
Vellore is also known as the Second Madras because of its importance and location relative to [[Chennai]] (Madras).
 
==History==
The recorded history of Vellore dates back to the ninth century, as seen from a [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] inscription in the [[Annamalaiyar Temple]] in [[Tiruvannamalai]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm|title=Tiruvannamali Historical moments|year=2011|access-date=2012-12-29|publisher=Tiruvannamali Municipality|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191523/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm|archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref>
 
Vellore is strategically located<!--How so?--> and well-connected by rail and bus routes to major towns in the neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]]. Many dynasties and rulers dominated Vellore throughout its history, including the [[Pallava dynasty]], [[Medieval Cholas]], [[Later Cholas]], [[Vijayanagar]], the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]], the [[Sambuvaraya|Sambuvaraya chieftains]], the [[Nawabs of the Carnatic]], and the administration of the [[British Raj|British]]. In the 18th century, Vellore was involved in the [[Carnatic Wars]] between Britain and France. It was situated close to several decisive battles, including those at [[Ambur]] (1749), [[Arcot]] (1751), and [[Vandavasi]] (1760).
 
[[Vellore Fort]] is important to Vellore's history. Due to a lack of historical records, it is not known exactly when the fort was constructed, but estimates based on stone inscriptions suggests that the fort was most likely built during the rule of Chinna Bommi Nayak between 1526 and 1595. The fort is a good example of [[Architecture of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu military architecture]], while the [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Jalakandeswarar Temple]] within the fort represents [[Vijayanagara architecture]].
 
[[Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore|Christian Medical College & Hospital]], founded in 1900 by the American medical missionary [[Ida S. Scudder|Dr. Ida S. Scudder]], is another Vellore landmark. The hospital has grown into a medical institution of international repute.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
 
The central prison in Vellore, established in 1830, had imprisoned notable figures like [[C. Rajagopalachari]] and  [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]. Other landmarks include the Aruganthampoodi mausoleums, located close to the section of [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]] between Vellore and Arcot, where the family members of [[Tipu Sultan]] were buried; and the Muthu Mandapam, a memorial on the banks of [[Palar River]] built by the Tamil Nadu Government to honor [[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]], the last ruler of the [[Kingdom of Kandy]] in [[Sri Lanka]], who ruled from 1798 to 1815 and was imprisoned in Vellore Fort for 17 years until his death.
 
===Vellore Fort===
{{Main|Vellore Fort}}
 
The fort of Vellore was built around 1566 CE by the chieftains of Sadashiv Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. In the mid-17th century the fort was owned by various parties. The Aravidus, the last dynasty that ruled Vijayanagara lost Vellore to the Bijapur Sultan before being captured by the Marathas after a siege that lasted four and a half months in 1676. The fort came under the charge of Dost Ali, the Nawab of Carnatic, before passing on to the British in 1760. Vellore Fort withstood Hyder Ali's siege from 1780 to 1782, and would later become the base for Lord Cornwallis’ march on Bangalore to defeat Tipu Sultan.
 
When Tipu Sultan was killed at Sringapatam during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-79 CE), his kingdom was handed back to the Hindu Wodeyar kings of Mysore and the British exiled Tipu's surviving sons, daughters, their families, and their entire entourage to Vellore Fort. They stayed in the palaces in the fort and participated in the Mutiny of 1806.
 
===Vellore mutiny===
{{Main|Vellore Mutiny}}
 
In 1805, the new Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] of the [[British East Indian Company]], [[John Cradock, 1st Baron Howden|General Sir John Cradock]], began an ambitious reform of the army's disciplinary system. New, standardized regulations were approved for the Madras Army, which dictated how [[sepoy]]s should wear their uniforms and appear on duty. Under these regulations, Hindus were prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads while on duty, and Muslims were required to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. One change that was especially problematic was a new headdress associated with Indian converts to Christianity, which included a leather [[cockade]]. This caused an uproar, as leather was a cultural taboo for the upper caste sepoys of the Madras Army. As a result, many sepoys believed that their British officers were conspiring to convert them to Christianity.
 
In May 1806, a few soldiers protested against these changes and were sent to [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]] in Chennai, where they were publicly lashed and discharged from the army. With the levels of resentment towards the British already high, the sons of the deceased [[Tipu Sultan]] exacerbated the conflict by assisting the mutineers who revolted on 10 July. Under the pretense of attending the wedding of one of Tipu Sultan's daughters, mutineers gathered in Vellore Fort where the wedding was held and revolted. Raising the flag of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], they declared Tipu Sultan's son Fateh Hyder king. The mutineers caused about 200 British casualties before their revolt was put down by British reinforcements under Sir [[Rollo Gillespie]], and many of the mutineers were either summarily shot, captured, court-martialed, and/or executed.
 
As a result of the uprising, the dress codes were retracted, and Cradock was dismissed. Although the mutiny took place before larger revolts in the 1850s, it was indicative of the simmering dissent in the Indian soldiery. The Vellore mutiny is considered to be the first large-scale Indian mutiny against the British, and a prelude to the much larger [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]] in 1857.
 
==Economic, Social and Cultural Changes in Vellore in the 20th Century==
The economic condition of the district in the earlier stages was not sound with the absence of major industries. Industries like Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Ranipet, Tamil Nadu Explosives Ltd., and Vellore Katpadi were established as the result of governmental police. There has been notable growth of small scale industries and tanneries in the district, which not only generated employment opportunities, but also contributed economic growth to farmers. Uzhavar Sandhai helped the rural poor improve the economy. Women-driven self help groups played an important role in building rural economy and teaching rural women to be self-reliant.
Vellore also changed socially as time went by. Increased social awareness and upward social growth marked the successful foundation of its districts. Literacy improved in part of the Arivoli Movement.
 
During the first half of the 19th century, the town came under [[British rule in India|British rule]].<ref name="urbaninfra12">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 12</ref>
 
==Geography and climate==
[[File:Night View City of Vellore.jpg|thumb|AnnaSalai]]
Vellore is at {{Coord|12.92|N|79.13|E}}, 220m above sea level. The city has a semi-arid climate. It is in the Vellore district of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu, {{convert|135|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the state capital [[Chennai]]. Vellore lies in the [[Eastern Ghats]] region and Palar river basin. The topography is almost flat with slope from west to east.<ref name="Hot climate report">{{cite news|title=Hot climate report |url= http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/23/stories/2009082350350200.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121108044128/http://www.hindu.com/2009/08/23/stories/2009082350350200.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 8 November 2012 |date=23 August 2009|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
Vellore is in a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). The temperature ranges from {{convert|13|°C|°F}} to {{convert|39.4|°C|°F}}. Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the mildest. Vellore receives {{convert|1034.1|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall every year. The southwestern monsoon from June to September brings {{convert|517.1|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of rainfall, with September being the rainiest month. The northeastern monsoon which lasts from October to December brings {{convert|388.4|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of rainfall. The humidity ranges from 40%–63% during summer and 67%–86% during winter.<ref name="abt">{{cite web|title=About city|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_City.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713045906/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_City.htm|archive-date=13 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
{{Weather box
|location = Vellore (1981-2010, extremes 1901-2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan record high C = 35.3
| Feb record high C = 39.8
| Mar record high C = 42.8
| Apr record high C = 44.4
| May record high C = 45.0
| Jun record high C = 44.3
| Jul record high C = 40.9
| Aug record high C = 39.4
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 39.2
| Nov record high C = 35.8
| Dec record high C = 35.0
| year record high C = 45.0
| Jan high C = 29.8
| Feb high C = 32.8
| Mar high C = 36.1
| Apr high C = 38.2
| May high C = 39.1
| Jun high C = 36.6
| Jul high C = 35.1
| Aug high C = 34.3
| Sep high C = 34.0
| Oct high C = 32.3
| Nov high C = 29.8
| Dec high C = 28.7
| year high C = 33.9
| Jan low C = 17.8
| Feb low C = 18.9
| Mar low C = 21.6
| Apr low C = 24.6
| May low C = 25.7
| Jun low C = 25.2
| Jul low C = 24.5
| Aug low C = 24.0
| Sep low C = 23.4
| Oct low C = 22.4
| Nov low C = 20.6
| Dec low C = 18.2
| year low C = 22.2
| Jan record low C = 10.2
| Feb record low C = 12.0
| Mar record low C = 12.1
| Apr record low C = 13.8
| May record low C = 18.1
| Jun record low C = 19.6
| Jul record low C = 18.8
| Aug record low C = 18.7
| Sep record low C = 18.7
| Oct record low C = 15.6
| Nov record low C = 12.1
| Dec record low C = 11.0
| year record low C = 10.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 11.5
| Feb rain mm = 1.7
| Mar rain mm = 16.7
| Apr rain mm = 28.2
| May rain mm = 69.7
| Jun rain mm = 78.2
| Jul rain mm = 110.4
| Aug rain mm = 134.1
| Sep rain mm = 195.2
| Oct rain mm = 158.1
| Nov rain mm = 156.3
| Dec rain mm = 74.0
| year rain mm = 1034.3
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 1.1
| Apr rain days = 1.5
| May rain days = 4.5
| Jun rain days = 5.0
| Jul rain days = 6.2
| Aug rain days = 7.8
| Sep rain days = 8.8
| Oct rain days = 8.6
| Nov rain days = 7.6
| Dec rain days = 3.6
| year rain days = 55.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 47
| Mar humidity = 41
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 45
| Jun humidity = 51
| Jul humidity = 54
| Aug humidity = 58
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 69
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 64
|year humidity = 55
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Vellore Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 785–786
| access-date = 15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M208
| access-date = 15 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
 
==Demographics==
<!--Any more recent data?-->
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|80.09}}{{bar percent|
[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|14.28}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|4.79}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.51}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.03}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.02}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.53}}{{bar percent|
[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.02}}
}}
 
{{Historical populations
|align =right
| state = collapsed
|1961|113742
|1971|139082
|1981|174257
|1991|175061
|2001|177413
|2011|504079
| footnote = Sources:
* 1961 – 2001<ref name="urbaninfra1518">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, pp. 15-18</ref>
* 2011<ref name=2011census/>
}}
 
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Vellore had a population of 504,079 <ref name=2011Vellorecensus>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Vellore|url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/vellore/wp-content/uploads/sites/139/2020/07/2017-18_1-2.pdf|publisher=Office of The Vellore Municipal Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2017–18}}</ref> of which  247,002 are males and 257,077 are females. The sex-ratio of Vellore is 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 926. A total of 48,547 were under the age of six, constituting 24,692 males and 23,855 females. The literacy rate of Vellore is 87.09% which is higher than National Urban average of 85%. Literacy rate for male and female for Vellore stood at 92.03% and 82.23% respectively. Total literates in Vellore were 379,849 of which males were 199,247 and remaining 180,602 were females.The city had a total of 112,486 households, with 70,257 workers, including 297 cultivators, 395 main agricultural labourers, 4,387 in household industries, 59,281 other workers, 5,897 marginal workers, 59 marginal cultivators, 74 marginal agricultural labourers, 667 marginal workers in household industries, and 5,097 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Vellore|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=678331|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 Jan 2014}}</ref>
 
According to the religious census of 2011, Vellore's population was 80.09% [[Hindu]], 14.28% [[Muslim]], 4.79% [[Christians|Christian]], 0.02% [[Sikh]], 0.03% [[Buddhist]], 0.51% [[Jainism|Jain]], with 0.26% following other religions, and 0.02% following no religion or not indicating any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
 
As of 2001, 69.88% of the city's land area was developed.<ref name="urbaninfra17"/> Out of the developed area, 55.76% was used for residential purposes, 8.34% for commerce, 1.58% for industry, 3.3% for education, 16.46% for public and semi-public use, and 10.12% for transport and communication.<ref name="urbaninfra29">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 29</ref> Although population density varies between different areas, the average density of the city of Vellore is 241 persons per hectare.<ref name="urbaninfra17">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 17</ref>
 
{{wide image|Panoramic view - Vellore.jpg|750px|alt=Vellore Panorama|align-cap=center|Vellore Panorama.}}
 
==Administration and politics==
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#fff; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220px;" font-size : "90%"
|-
| style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan=2|'''Municipal Corporation officials'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Mayor||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Commissioner||P. Janaki Raveendran<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of municipal corporation|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/COMR1.pdf|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222132031/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/COMR1.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Deputy Mayor||
|-
!  style="background:#a8bdec; text-align:center;" colspan=2|Elected members
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||P.Karthikeyan<ref name="MLA of Vellore">{{cite web|title=MLA of Vellore|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/043.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date =2012-12-29}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Parliament||[[Kathir Anand]]<ref name="Rit">{{cite web|title=Seventeenth Loksabha, Member of the Parliament|publisher=Parliament of India|year=2019|access-date=28 September 2019|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/AlphabeticalList.aspx}}</ref>
|}
Vellore is the municipal headquarters of [[Vellore district]]. The town was first recognized as a third-grade municipality in 1866, promoted to first-grade in 1947, to selection-grade in 1970, and to a municipal corporation on 1 August 2008. The functions of the [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]] are divided into six departments: General Administration/Personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Planning, and Information Technology (IT). These departments are under the executive control of a municipal commissioner.<ref name="tn.gov.in">{{cite web|title=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration |url=http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm |publisher=Commissionerate of Municipal Administration |access-date=2012-12-29 |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106103849/http://www.tn.gov.in/cma/chart5.htm |archive-date=November 6, 2012 }}</ref> Legislative powers are held by a body of 60 members, with each councilor being elected from one of the city's wards.<ref name="About the municipal corporation">{{cite web|title=About the municipal corporation|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_Municipality.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124132651/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/abs_Municipality.htm|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Councillors of municipal corporation|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/coun-photo.pdf|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222131940/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/coun-photo.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The legislative body is headed by an elected mayor who is assisted by a deputy mayor.<ref name="Sameeksha Trust">{{cite journal|title=Economic and political weekly, Volume 30|page=2396|publisher=Sameeksha Trust|year=1995}}</ref>
 
Vellore is a part of the [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|Vellore]], [[Katpadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Katpadi]] & Anaicut assembly constituencies and elects 3 members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years.<ref name="List of Assembly Constituencies">{{cite web
|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/Const_map/map.htm
|title=List of Assembly Constituencies
|year=2010
|access-date=2012-12-28
|work=Tamil Nadu
|publisher=Tamil Nadu state government
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm
|archive-date=2012-06-14
}}</ref> Since the 1977 elections, [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) won the assembly elections in 1977 and 2009, while [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) won seats in 1980, 1984 and 1989. Elections were won twice by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), in 1991 and 2001, while the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] (TMC) secured seats in 1996 and 2001. The current MLA of Vellore constituency is Mr.P.Karthikeyan, Katpadi constituencyis Mr. Duraimurugan and Aniacut constituency is Mr. Nandakumar all from DMK.<ref name="MLA of Vellore"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp48.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011}}</ref>
 
Vellore is a part of the [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]] & [[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]] Lok Sabha constituencies. It consisted of the following six assembly constituencies before 2009: [[Katpadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Katpadi]], [[Gudiyatham (State Assembly Constituency)|Gudiyatham]], [[Pernampattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Pernampattu]], [[Anaicut (State Assembly Constituency)|Anaicut]], [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|Vellore]], and [[Arni (State Assembly Constituency)|Arni]] constituencies. After the 2009 reorganization, it is composed of [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|Vellore]], [[Anaicut (State Assembly Constituency)|Anaicut]], [[Kilvazhithunaiankuppam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kilvazhithunaiankuppam]], [[Gudiyatham (State Assembly Constituency)|Gudiyatham]], [[Vaniyambadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Vaniyambadi]], and [[Ambur (State Assembly Constituency)|Ambur]] constituencies.<ref name="Assembly seats increase to 13 in Ve">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/03/stories/2009020351070300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211020018/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/03/stories/2009020351070300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2009|title= Assembly seats increase to 13 in Vellore district|date=3 February 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
Since 1951, the Vellore parliament seat was won by the Indian National Congress four times in the 1957,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=17}}</ref> 1962,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=49}}</ref> 1989 and 1991 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=81}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1991/VOL_I_LS_91.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=51}}</ref> AIADMK twice during the 1984 and 2014 elections;<ref name="Rit"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=73}}</ref> CWL once during 1951 elections; independent once during the 1980 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=79}}</ref> Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam five times during the 1967,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=67}}</ref> 1971,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS_71.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=71}}</ref> 1996,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=86}}</ref> 2004 and 2009 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=94}}</ref> once each by NCO during the 1977 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=80}}</ref> and twice by [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) during the 1998 and 1999 elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=85}}</ref> The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is Kathir Anand from the DMK party.<ref name="Rit"/>
 
Law enforcement in Vellore is organized by the Vellore subdivision of the [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a deputy superintendent. There are four police stations in the city, one of them being an all-women station. Different special task forces focus on prohibition enforcement, district crime, and social justice and human rights. Administrative duties are performed by a branch that operates at the district level and is headed by a superintendent.<ref name="Vellore Police">{{cite web|title=Vellore Police |url=http://www.tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Police |access-date=2012-12-29 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011140954/http://tnpolice.gov.in/District_Details.php?code=29598 |archive-date=October 11, 2011 }}</ref>
 
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Vellore}}
According to the Indian Census of 2001, the urban workforce employment rate of Vellore is 43.64%. Vellore, being the headquarters of the district, has registered growth in its tertiary sector activities with a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Most employment is provided by the leather industry, agricultural trading, and industries in and around the city. Approximately 83.35% of the workforce is employed in tertiary sector comprising transport, services and commerce. The secondary sector activities like manufacturing and household industries employs 13.52% of the workforce. Male worker employment (43.64%) is higher than female work employment(24.39%).<ref name="urbaninfra2021">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, pp. 20-21</ref>
 
Vellore is known as the leather hub of India.<ref name="theviralshots.com">http://theviralshots.com/story/ambur-the-leather-city-of-south-india</ref> Hundreds of leather and [[Tannery (facility)|tannery]] facilities are around Vellore and nearby towns, such as [[Ranipet]], [[Ambur]] and [[Vaniyambadi]]. The Vellore district is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products (such as finished leathers, shoes, garments and [[leather gloves|gloves]]).<ref name="VDA1"/> [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL) is one of the nine major government owned enterprises in the nation. The Boiler Auxiliaries Plant of BHEL in Ranipet is the industrial hub of Vellore. Chemical plants in the [[Ranipet]]-[[SIPCOT]] economic zone are a major source of income to Vellore residents.<ref name="Move to ensure growth of micro engi">{{cite news|title=Move to ensure growth of micro engineering units |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/28/stories/2009042851920300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502180815/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/28/stories/2009042851920300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 May 2009|access-date=2013-07-07|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=28 April 2009}}</ref> [[EID Parry]] is a sanitary-ware manufacturing company with 38% of the world's market share in bathroom accessories.<ref name="EID Parry Analysis Report">{{cite web|title=EID Parry Analysis Report |url=http://www.eidparry.com/analysisreport.asp |publisher=EID Parry |access-date=2013-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207165914/http://www.eidparry.com/analysisreport.asp |archive-date=February 7, 2012 }}</ref> Tirumalai Chemicals and Greaves are among the international brands that have manufacturing units in the city. Automobile and mechanical companies of global Brands, including [[SAME Deutz-Fahr]], TVS–Brakes India, [[Mitsubishi]], [[Greaves Cotton]] and MRF have their manufacturing units in the area. Brakes India Sholingur's foundry division is located at Vellore-[[Sholingur]] and is a major employer in the area.<ref name="Brakes India Limited">{{cite web|title=Brakes India Foundry Division Official Website|url= http://www.brakesindia.com/brakesfoundry/index.html|publisher=Brakes India Limited|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> Asia's biggest explosives manufacturing company, Tamil Nadu Explosives Limited (TEL), is in Vellore at [[Katpadi]]. This is India's only government explosives company with more than a thousand employees.{{clarify|date=February 2012|reason=there are other GECs but they have less than 1000 staff?}} The company is headed by a senior [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer.<ref name="Welcome to TNIEL">{{cite web |url=http://www.tniel.net/inner.php?pagesv=contact |title=Welcome to TNIEL|publisher=TNIEL|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> Kramski Stamping and Molding India Pvt Ltd, a [[Germany|German]] precision metal and plastic integrated-component manufacturing company with automotive, telecommunications, electronics and medical applications is located in Erayankadu, near Vellore.<ref name="gmbh.kramski.com">{{cite web|title=KARMSKI Official Website for Vellore operations |url=http://gmbh.kramski.com/846.html |access-date=2013-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522160944/http://gmbh.kramski.com/846.html |archive-date=May 22, 2013 }}</ref> Major businesses in the city center are on Officer's Line, Town Hall Road, Long Bazaar and Bangalore, Scudder, Arni, Gandhi and Katpadi Roads. Many boarding and lodging houses are in and around Scudder and Gandhi Roads. Microsoft Corporation (India) Pvt. Ltd. announced the launch of 14 Microsoft Innovation Centers (MICs) in India. Trichy, Vellore, Coimbatore, Madurai and Salem in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Microsoft innovation Labs">{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/india/msindia/pressreleases/microsoft-innovation-centers-mics-introduced-to-boost-student-technology-expertise-across-india/417|title=Microsoft innovation Labs|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
[[Christian Medical College & Hospital]] (CMCH), on [[Ida S. Scudder|Ida Scudder]] Road in the heart of the city, is Vellore's largest private employer and has a large floating population from other parts of India and abroad. Lodging, hospitals and allied businesses are among the major sources of income generated in the central part of the city. The [[Government Vellore Medical College]] and Hospital (VMCH) are located at Adukamparai in Vellore. With hospitals such as [[Apollo KH Hospital]] in Melvisharam and [[Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre]] in Sripuram, coupled with colleges such as CMC & [[Vellore Institute of Technology|VIT]] and other engineering and science colleges, the health care industry is growing rapidly.<ref name="tribuneindia.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main3.htm |newspaper=The Sunday Tribune  |title=Vellore—the town with the "healing touch"  |date=28 April 2002 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67R1yHLnq?url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020428/spectrum/main3.htm |archive-date=5 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
'Naruvi Hospitals' is being built at a cost of 3300 million INR, a joint venture between vellore based 'Pearl Human Care' and [[Detroit]]-based [[Henry Ford Health System]].<ref name="deccanchronicle.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/health-and-wellbeing/300916/naruvi-hospitals-in-vellore-to-give-world-class-health-facility.html |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |title=VNaruvi Hospitals' in Vellore to give world-class health facility |date=13 September 2016 }}</ref> Sri Narayani Aayurvedic Centre, was inaugurated by Union Minister of State for AYUSH Shripad Yesso Naik on August, 2019.<ref name="VNaruvi Hospitals' in Vellore to gi">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sripuram-gets-an-ayurvedic-hospital/article29037191.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |title=VNaruvi Hospitals' in Vellore to give world-class health facility |date=13 August 2019 }}</ref>
 
Other rural industries than agriculture include weaving and [[beedi]] and matchstick rolling. The Indian Army has a number of recruits from the [[Vellore district]] (especially from [[Kammavanpet]] known as "the military village") and military spending is a major source of income.<ref name="Vellore">{{cite news|title=Vellore|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/NEWS/India/Kids-kept-as-collateral-in-Tamil-Nadu/articleshow/1527280.cms|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=2013-07-07 |first1=Smitha|last1=Rao|date=12 May 2006}}</ref>
 
==Education==
{{Main|List of educational institutions in Vellore}}
Vellore is considered a prominent destination for medical and technological education in India.<ref name="outlook">{{cite news|title=Outlook ranking of colleges in Vellore (CMC)|url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?265892|work=Outlook|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news|title=India Today Ranking of VIT |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Photo/1366/3/India/India%27s+Top+Engineering+Colleges.htm |work=India Today |access-date=2013-07-07 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> It has a state-government university, a private technological university, one government and one private medical school and several engineering and arts and science colleges.
 
Notable Islamic and Arabic college in Vellore is [[Bakqiyat Salihat Arabic College]].
 
The country's first stem-cell translational research centre was established in Vellore in December 2005.<ref name="The Hindu Businessline">{{cite news|title=Stem cell research centre to come up at CMC, Vellore |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/11/23/stories/2005112302461900.htm|work=The Hindu Businessline |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> The central government's biotechnology department selected the [[Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore|Christian Medical College (CMC)]] as the first in a series of centers as it already had world-class clinical hematology and biochemistry departments.<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1304331.cms |title=CMC Hospitals Central Government's proposal|work=The Times of India|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> The college made a breakthrough which attracted the attention of the country's medical and scientific community: the Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Christian Medical College succeeded in reprogramming cells from adult mice to make them function like stem cells found in the human embryo.<ref name="Menon">{{cite news|last=Menon|first=Jaya|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Vellore-research-centre-makes-stem-cell-breakthrough/articleshow/4242720.cms|title=Vellore research centre makes stem cell breakthrough|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=2013-07-07|date=9 March 2009}}</ref> The agricultural research station at Virinjipuram is in the Northeastern Zone of Tamil Nadu. It is one of 32 research stations of [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]] (TNAU). The [[Government of India]]-sponsored National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) scheme has been in operation since October 1997, and it makes conservation measures conducted in water and soil of 18 watersheds in the Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts.<ref>{{cite report|title=Brief highlights of impact assessment of NWDPRA|url=http://www.intranet.icrisat.org/gtaes/projects/ca_watersheds/NWDPRA/pdf/ph1-fpdf/Tamilnadu/Gudiyatha.pdf|publisher=NWDPRA|access-date=2013-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195919/http://www.intranet.icrisat.org/gtaes/projects/ca_watersheds/NWDPRA/pdf/ph1-fpdf/Tamilnadu/Gudiyatha.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
[[Thiruvalluvar University]] was split off from the [[University of Madras]] and is located near [[Vallimalai]], Vellore.<ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112853580400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201202843/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112853580400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 December 2010 | location=Chennai, India | title=Karunanidhi renames Officers' Line in Vellore Anna Salai | date=28 November 2010| work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> Most government-run arts and science colleges in [[Vellore District|Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai District|Tiruvannamalai]], [[Villupuram District|Villupuram]] and [[Cuddalore district]]s are affiliated with Thiruvalluvar University.<ref name="hindu.com"/><ref name="Thiruvalluvar University">{{cite web|title=Thiruvalluvar University Official Website|url=http://www.tvuni.in/|access-date=2013-07-07|publisher=Thiruvalluvar University}}</ref> Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology is the only government engineering college in Vellore. The [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] (VIT) has been ranked best private engineering university in India by the magazine ''[[India Today]]''.<ref name="outlook"/><ref name="indiatoday"/>
 
[[File:CMCH Vellore.JPG|thumb|right|Main building of the Christian Medical College Hospital|alt=Three-story building with central column, framed with palm trees]]
Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH), one of the largest hospitals in India and Asia, is based out of Vellore. It is a major health care provider for the surrounding districts.<ref name="inhome.rediff.com">{{cite news |title=India's mushrooming medical cities: will it mean affordable treatment?|url=http://inhome.rediff.com/money/2007/jul/28bspec.htm|newspaper=[[Rediff]]|date=28 July 2007|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref><ref name="V. 2008 110">{{cite book|page=110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEsoAwyJxSQC&q=vellore+CMC+largest&pg=PA110|publisher=ISPCK|year=2008|isbn=9788184580334|title=Heart Beats of Ministry|last=V.|first=Indrenath Stanley}}</ref>
 
Auxilium Women's College (founded in 1954) is the first women's college in Vellore district;<ref name=best>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmachennai.org/education.php |title=Auxilium College |publisher=[[FMA Chennai]] |access-date=2008-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612104239/http://www.fmachennai.org/education.php |archive-date=June 12, 2008 }}</ref> Other arts and sciences colleges in the city are the Dhanabakyam Krishnaswamy Mudhaliar Women's College (DKM) near Sainathapuram and the [[Muthurangam Government Arts College]] (MGAC) in Otteri, near Bagayam. [[Voorhees College (India)|Voorhees College]] (founded 1898) is the oldest college in the district and known as the institution where S. Radhakrishnan (former president of India) studied; a commemorative stamp for the centenary of the college was issued by the government of India. C. Abdul Hakeem College is in Melvisharam. Arignar Anna Arts College for Women (AAA) is located in Walajapet.
 
The [[Government Law College, Vellore|Government Law College]] was established in 2008. It offers a three-year [[Bachelor of Laws]] (BL) degree with an annual intake of 80 students. The college is in Katpadi, Vellore.<ref name="BCI's approval for Vellore law coll">{{cite news|title= BCI's approval for Vellore law college questioned |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/28/stories/2008062852310300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630180519/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/28/stories/2008062852310300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 June 2008|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 June 2008|location=Chennai, India|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> There are several Arabic colleges in Vellore such as the [[Madrasa Al-Baqiyathus Salihath]] (popularly known as ''Baaqiyaath''), founded by [[Shah Abdul Wahab]] and is the second oldest Arabic college in India after [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="saridhai">{{cite book|first=Abdul Majeed|last= Khatib|title=அண்ணல் அஃலா ஹள்ரத்(ரஹ்)அழகிய சரிதை - Beautiful History of A'la Hadrath|pages= 31–48|location= Vellore|publisher=Darul Khatib|year=1992}}</ref><ref name="jbp">{{cite book|first=J.B.P. |last=More|title=Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras 1930–1947|page= 54|publisher= Orient Blackswan|year= 1997|isbn=978-81-250-1192-7}}</ref>
 
Schieffelin Institute of Health – Research and Leprosy Centre (SIH-R & LC) is located near Vellore and was established in 1955 to care for leprosy patients.
 
==Tourism==
{{Main|Tourism in Vellore}}
[[File:Vellore Fort and Jalakandeswarar temple (12).jpg|thumb|center|690px|Vellore Fort and Jalakandeswarar temple Panorama]]
[[Vellore Fort]] is the most prominent landmark in the city. During [[British Raj|British rule]], [[Tipu Sultan]]'s family and the last king of [[Sri Lanka]], Vikrama Rajasinha, were held as royal prisoners in the fort. The fort houses a church, a mosque and a Hindu temple, the latter known for its carvings. The first rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it witnessed the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Emperor Sriranga Raya.<ref name="Vellore sepoys rebelled">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/06/stories/2006080600360400.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061202074724/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/06/stories/2006080600360400.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=2 December 2006| title=Vellore sepoys rebelled|date=6 August 2006| work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2013-07-07 }}</ref> The fortifications consist of a main rampart, broken at irregular intervals by round towers and rectangular projections. The main walls are built of massive granite stones, surrounded by a broad moat fed with water by subterranean pipes from the Suryagunta reservoir.
 
[[File:"Sri Jalagandeeswarar Temple, Feb 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Sri Jalakandeswarar Temple]] Main Gopuram, February 2012|left]]
Within the fort is the similarly aged [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Jalakanteswara Temple]]. The fort houses the Tipu Mahal where Tipu Sultan is believed to have stayed with his family during the war with the British; the graves of Tipu's sons are found at Vellore.<ref name="Heritage Site - Tipu Sultans">{{cite news|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130218/news-current-affairs/article/heritage-site-faces-desecration |work=Deccan Chronicle |title=Heritage Site - Tipu Sultans |date=18 February 2013 |access-date=2013-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218174254/http://deccanchronicle.com/130218/news-current-affairs/article/heritage-site-faces-desecration |archive-date=February 18, 2013 }}</ref> It is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India. Vellore Fort has been declared a Monument of National Importance and is a famous tourist attraction.<ref name="Vellore fort to turn tourists' beac">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/vellore-fort-to-turn-tourists-beacon/article3608667.ece| work=The Hindu | title=Vellore fort to turn tourists' beacon|date=6 July 2012|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
The State Government Museum is inside the fort and opened to the public in 1985. It consists of art, archaeology, prehistory, weapons, sculptures, bronzes, wood carvings, handicrafts, numismatics, philately, botany, geology, and zoology exhibits. Historical monuments of the North Arcot District are contained in the gallery.<ref name="Numismatics expo begins at Vellore">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/01/stories/2010120153340200.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215235900/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/01/stories/2010120153340200.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=15 December 2010| title=Numismatics expo begins at Vellore Museum|date=1 December 2010| work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2013-07-07 }}</ref> Special exhibits include a double bronze sword from Vellore Taluk dating to 400 BCE, stone sculptures from the late Pallava to Vijayanagar periods, ivory chess boards and coins used by the last Kandian King of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Raja Singha. Educational activities at the museum include an art camp for school students and the study of inscriptions and iconography for college students.<ref name="Sculptural splendour of India at Ve">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/15/stories/2010091551670300.htm| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604231714/http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/15/stories/2010091551670300.htm| url-status=dead| archive-date=4 June 2011| title=Sculptural splendour of India at Vellore Museum|date=15 September 2010| work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
==Transport==
=== Road ===
[[File:Green-Circle-Vellore-National-Highway-Flyover.jpg|thumb|200px|NH 48 Green Circle Junction (Central Bus Terminus) flyover in Vellore City]]
The Vellore municipal corporation maintains {{convert|104.332|km|mi|abbr=on}} of roads. It has {{convert|50.259|km|mi|abbr=on}} of concrete road, {{convert|6.243|km|mi|abbr=on}} of kutcha road and {{convert|47.88|km|mi|abbr=on}} of bituminous road.<ref name="Vellore roads">{{cite web|title=Vellore roads|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|publisher=Vellore municipality|year=2011|access-date=2012-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124140914/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Roads.htm|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[National highways of India|National Highways]] passing through or terminating at Vellore as per new numbering are:<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
|+
! Highway Number !!  Destination !! Via
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[National Highway 48 (India)|48]] || [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu|Chennai]] || [[Kanchipuram]], [[Sriperumbudur]],
|-
| [[Delhi]] || [[Bengalore|Bengaluru]], [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Vadodara]], [[Udaipur]], [[Jaipur]]
|-
| [[National Highway 38 (India)|38]] || [[Thoothukudi]] || [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Madurai]]
|-
| [[National Highway 40 (India)|40]] || [[Hyderabad]] || [[Chittoor]], [[Kadapa]], [[Kurnool]]
|-
| [[National Highway 75 (India)|75]] || [[Mangaluru]] || [[Gudiyattam]], [[Pernambut]], [[Venkatagirikota]], [[Kolar]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Sakleshpura]]
|-
|}
 
Vellore is connected with major cities in the states of Tamil Nadu, [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]]. Bus service is available to [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Bangalore]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]], [[Kadapa]], [[Anantapur]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Chittoor]], [[Kuppam]], [[Kolar]], [[Kolar Gold Fields]], [[Madanapalle]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mangalore]], [[Karur]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Aranthangi]], [[Mannargudi]], [[Nagapattinam]], [[Hosur]], [[Marthandam]], [[Thoothukudi]], [[Thiruchendur]], [[Sengottai]], [[Cuddalore]], [[Kurnool]], [[Trichy]], [[Thuraiyur]], [[Thammampatti]], [[Thiruvannamalai]], [[Tindivanam]], [[Pondicherry]], [[Kallakkurichi]], [[Tiruppattur, Tirupathur district|Tirupattur]], [[Viluppuram]], [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]], [[Arani, Tiruvannamalai District|Arani]], [[Madurai]], [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Tiruttani]], [[Kalpakkam]], [[Pallikonda]], [[Ponnai]], [[Gudiyatham]], [[Dharmapuri]], [[Erode]], [[Tirupur]], [[Palakkad]], [[Krishnagiri]], [[mumbai]] Gingee and other major towns and cities in South India. Vellore is served by a city bus service, which connects the city, suburbs, and other places of interest. The bus service extends about 30&nbsp;km from the city center. There are two bus terminals: the Town Bus Terminus (opposite the fort and near CMC Hospital) and the Central Bus Terminus (Near Green Circle). Other bus terminals are located at Chittor Bus Stand (near VIT Road), Bagayam and Katpadi (Junction bus stop). The bus stands are maintained by the [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]].<ref name="routes">{{cite web|title=Bus routes|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Bus%20routes.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710233120/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Bus%20routes.htm|archive-date=10 July 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>  New integrated bus terminus will be constructed at a cost of ₹46.51 crore in a 9.25 acre area under the Smart City project by the Vellore City Municipal Corporation, is expected to be completed in 24 months and become operational by January 2022.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news|author=Staff Reporter|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/new-bus-terminus-in-vellore-designed-keeping-future-needs-in-mind/article30804145.ece|title=New bus terminus in Vellore designed keeping future needs in mind|date=2020-02-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-17|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
 
=== Rail ===
Vellore has three main railway stations: [[Katpadi Junction|Vellore Katpadi Junction]], [[Vellore Cantonment railway station|Vellore Cantonment]] and Vellore Town. The largest is [[Katpadi Junction|Vellore Katpadi Junction]] (5&nbsp;km north of CMC hospital). It is a major railway junction on the Chennai-Bangalore broad-gauge line running to Chennai, Bangalore, Tirupati, New Delhi, Howrah, Kanyakumari. There are direct rail links to [[Vijayawada Junction]], [[Tirupati]], [[Jhansi]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Nagpur]], [[Bangalore]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Lucknow]], [[Dehradun]], [[Agartala]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Bhopal Junction]], [[Mumbai]], [[Mangalore]], [[Tiruchchirapalli|Tiruchchirappalli]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]][[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Patna]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Kanniyakumari]], [[Shirdi]], [[Kanpur]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Jammu Tawi]], [[Madurai]], [[Bhilai]], [[Gwalior]], [[Chennai Central]], [[Howrah Station]], [[New Delhi Railway Station]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Guwahati]], [[Silchar]], [[Madhupur]], [[Nagarcoil]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Kollam]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Jaipur]], [[Dibrugarh]], [[Varanasi]], [[Pune]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Vishakapatnam]] and other major cities. More than 150 trains cross the Vellore-Katpadi Junction daily. Nearly 250 to 265 trains halt this junction. This is the major and busiest junction in South India and 1st Important railway station in Vellore district.<ref name="Indian Rail info">{{cite web|title=Katpadi Station arrival and departure status |url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/36 |publisher=Indian Rail info|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
[[Vellore Cantonment]] is in Suriyakulam on the Viluppuram-Tirupati [[broad gauge]] line, 8&nbsp;km from Katpadi Junction. [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]] and passenger trains to Tirupati, Chennai and Arakonnam depart from here.<ref name="New Broad gauge line Vellore Canton">{{cite news|title=New Broad gauge line Vellore Cantonment Station |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/11/stories/2008111154950500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113114741/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/11/stories/2008111154950500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 November 2008|access-date=2013-07-07|work=[[The Hindu]] |date=11 November 2008}}</ref> The 150-km broad gauge line was extended to Villupuram in January 2010. It connects Vellore and South Tamil Nadu; however, {{As of|2019|01|lc=y}} it is serviced by slow passenger trains. The line was opened for goods trains in June 2010.<ref name="Goods trains operated on newly laid">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/26/stories/2010062653640300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630185215/http://www.hindu.com/2010/06/26/stories/2010062653640300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2010 |title= Goods trains operated on newly laid track |date= 26 June 2010|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> An EMU from [[Vellore Cantonment]] to [[Chennai Central]] was introduced on December 22, 2008. Vellore Town Station is in Konavattam on the line connecting Katpadi Junction with [[Viluppuram Junction railway station|Viluppuram Junction]] via [[Tiruvannamalai]].
 
=== Air ===
{{Main|Vellore Airport}}
 
The [[Vellore Airport]] was established in 1934 and is located in Abdullapuram, 11&nbsp;km away from the city centre. It had been used to land trainer aircraft and helicopters.<ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{cite news|title=Vellore's abandoned airport to get facelift soon; flights to start next year |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2017/nov/22/vellores-abandoned-airport-to-get-facelift-soon-flights-to-start-next-year-1707538.html |newspaper=[[Indian Express]] |date= 22 November 2017 |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref> It was reactivated as a part of the [[Airports Authority of India]] idle airports activation programme in July 2006 to facilitate regular flying by trainee pilots of the Madras Flying Club whose operations were restricted with the increase in scheduled aircraft movement at [[Chennai Airport]].<ref name="Six idle airports to be activated">{{cite news|title=Six idle airports to be activated |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/17/stories/2006081715410100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228094146/http://www.hindu.com/2006/08/17/stories/2006081715410100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 February 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date= 17 August 2006 |access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref> Vellore airport is in the process of being revived under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS). UDAN, runway and terminal building works are under progress, all the required infrastructure works scheduled to be ready by June 2019 for operations.<!--Is it done yet?--><ref>{{cite news|title=SVellore airport infrastructure to be ready by June 2019: AAI |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/oct/07/vellore-airport-infrastructure-to-be-ready-by-june-2019-aai-1882155.html |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date= 7 October 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>
 
==Sports==
Vellore is known for producing number of national and international weightlifters, [[M Tamil Selvan]], a silver medal winner at the 1978, 1982 Commonwealth games and represented India in 1980 Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sdat.tn.gov.in/arjunaawardeespdf/tamilselvan_weightlifting.pdf|title=M Tamil Selvan|website=Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref>
 
[[Sathish Sivalingam]], a gold medal winner at the 2014,2018 Commonwealth games. Vellore has the States first center of excellence for weightlifting. Built at an expense of 24 million INR, the centre has facilities for conducting international weightlifting events, latest training equipment and a multi-purpose training hall.<ref name="dtnext.in">{{cite news|title= TN's first centre of excellence for weightlifting opened|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2018/03/14023137/1064999/TNs-first-centre-of-excellence-for-weightlifting-opened.vpf |newspaper=DT Next |date= 14 March 2018 |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
 
Vellore was among the two districts in Tamil Nadu which didn't have a sports complex. In 2018, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] announced a sports complex would be set up with facilities for 400 metre athletics track, gallery, administrative office besides grounds for hockey, basketball, kabaddi, badminton and tennis. It would also have a swimming pool and gymnasium.<ref name="Vellore to get sports complex, badm">{{cite news|title= Vellore to get sports complex, badminton academy for TN|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2018/06/29020700/1077887/Vellore-to-get-sports-complex-badminton-academy-for-.vpf |newspaper=DT Next |date= 29 June 2018 |access-date=26 October 2020}}</ref>
 
==Urban Area==
[[File:Metropolitan Area of Vellore.jpg|thumb|Vellore Metropolitan Area|alt=]]
 
==Utility services==
Electricity supply to Vellore is regulated and distributed by the [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]] (TNEB). The city and its suburbs form the Vellore Electricity Distribution Circle. A chief distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Important Address |url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf |publisher=Indian Wind Power Association |access-date=2012-12-29 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2012 }}</ref> The water supply is provided by the Vellore municipal corporation from the Palar river through Palar headworks and Karungamputhur headworks and distributed through ten overhead tanks. As of 2005, there are 16,371 connections to 33,772 households. In 2000–2001, a total of 7.4 million litres of water was supplied daily for households in the city. The other sources of water are Otteri Lake, Sathuvancheri town panchayat, Ponnai and street wells.<ref name="Water Supply Details">{{cite web |title=Water Supply Details |url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm |publisher=Vellore municipal corporation |year=2011 |access-date=2012-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124140925/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Water%20Supply.htm |archive-date=24 January 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="urbaninfra3639">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, pp. 36-39</ref>
 
According to the municipal data for 2011, about 83 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Vellore every day by door-to-door collection. The source segregation and dumping are carried out by the sanitary department of the Vellore municipal corporation. The municipal corporation covered 16 wards for waste collection as of 2001.<ref name="urbaninfra47">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 47</ref><ref name="Waste management programme">{{cite web|title=Waste management programme|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124174649/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Solid%20Waste%20Management.htm|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There is no underground drainage system and the sewage system for sullage disposal is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.<ref name="urbaninfra45">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 45</ref><ref name="Vellore sewarage">{{cite web|title=Vellore sewarage|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Sewerage.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124140920/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Sewerage.htm|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The municipal corporation maintained {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=on}} of storm water drains in 2011.<ref name="Storm water drains of Vellore">{{cite web|title=Storm water drains of Vellore|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Storm%20water%20drains.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124174654/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Storm%20water%20drains.htm|archive-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As of 2011, 24 government and private hospitals and one veterinary hospital take care of the  citizens' health care needs.<ref name="Vellore hospitals">{{cite web|title=Vellore hospitals|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date=2012-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324012709/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Hospitals.htm|archive-date=24 March 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> As of 2011, the municipal corporation maintained 5,241 street lamps: 735 sodium lamps, 73 mercury vapour lamps, 4,432 tube lights and one high mast beam lamp.<ref name="Vellore street lights">{{cite web|title=Vellore street lights|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date=2012-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710233059/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/sal_Street%20lights.htm|archive-date=10 July 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="urbaninfra55">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 55</ref> The municipal corporation operates the Netaji Daily Market that caters to the needs of the city and the rural areas around it.<ref name="urbaninfra65">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 65</ref>
 
== See also ==
*[[List of areas of Vellore]]
*[[List of people from Vellore]]
 
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
 
[[Category:Vellore district]]
==References==
[[Category:Cities and towns in Tamil Nadu]]
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mack |first=Alexander|pages=88–90 |title=Spiritual journey, imperial city: pilgrimage to the temples of Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KA7A4R-bA3wC&q=tiruvannamalai&pg=PA88 |year=2002|publisher=Vedam e-books Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7936-004-0|ref=Mack}}
* {{cite report|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/citydevelopmentplan.pdf|publisher=Commissioner of Municipal Administration, Government of Tamil Nadu|title=Conversion of City Corporate Plan to Business Plan for Vellore Corporation|year=2008|access-date=2012-11-16|ref=urban|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901050215/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/citydevelopmentplan.pdf|archive-date=1 September 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.vellore.tn.nic.in/histvellore.htm Vellore Official Government Site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061202074724/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/06/stories/2006080600360400.htm When the Vellore sepoys rebelled]
* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/04/07/stories/2002040701430500.htm Sambuvarayar period stone inscription found]
* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032307250600.htm Neolithic tools discovered]
 
{{Vellore district}}
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Cities and towns in Vellore district]]
[[Category:Vellore]]
 
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{{more citations needed|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Vellore
| other_name                      =
| settlement_type                = City
| image_skyline                  = Vellore Skyline Montage 1.jpg
| image_caption                  = Clockwise from the top: [[Vellore Fort]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vellore|Assumption Cathedral]], [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Jalakandeswarar Temple]], [[Christian Medical College & Hospital]], [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] Campus, [[Amirthi Zoological Park]], Paragliding at [[Yelagiri]] and [[Sripuram|Srilakshmi Golden Temple]]
| nickname                        = Fort City / Second Madras / Medical Hub of India
| map_alt                        =
| map_caption                    =
| pushpin_map                    = India Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position          = right
| pushpin_map_alt                =
| pushpin_map_caption            =
| coordinates                    = {{coord|12.920219|N|79.133306|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_type3              = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[Tondai Nadu]]
| subdivision_name3              = [[Vellore district|Vellore]]
| subdivision_type4              = [[Administrative divisions of India|Zones]]
| subdivision_name4              = Vellore North ([[Katpadi]])
 
Vellore East ([[Sathuvachari]])
 
[[Vellore Fort]]
 
Vellore West([[Shenbakkam]])
| subdivision_type5              = Smart City Ranking [[India]]
| subdivision_name5              = Tenth
| established_title              = <!-- Established -->
| established_date                =
| founder                        = Unknown
| named_for                      = Heritage and culture
| government_type                =
| governing_body                  = [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]] Vellore Metropolitan Area
| leader_title                    = Mayor
| leader_name                    =
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="Government of Tamil Nadu">{{cite web|title=Vellore Corporation GO No.221 dated 28.09.2010|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/gorders/maws_t_221_2010.pdf|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=2014-02-18}}</ref>
| area_metro_km2                  = 87.915
| elevation_footnotes            =
| elevation_m                    = 216
| population_total                = 504079
| population_as_of                = 2011
| population_metro                = 687981
| population_footnotes            = <ref name="UA_2011">{{cite web|title=Vellore Corporation - Population |url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/vellore/population |format=XLS |publisher=[[Commissionerate of Municipal Administration - Tamil Nadu]] |access-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315050316/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/MFTableSeries.aspx |archive-date=15 March 2016 }}</ref>
| population_density_km2          =
| population_rank                = [[List of urban agglomerations in Tamil Nadu|8th in Tamil Nadu]]
| population_demonym              = Vellorekaran, Vellorian
| demographics_type1              = Language
| demographics1_title1            = Official
| demographics1_info1            = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +5:30
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = 632×××
| area_code                      = 91- 416
| area_code_type                  = Telephone code
| registration_plate              = TN 23
| blank1_name_sec1                = Distance from [[Chennai]] City limits
| blank1_info_sec1                = {{convert|101|km|mi}}
| blank2_name_sec2                = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec2                = [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]]
| website                        = {{URL|https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/vellore/}}
| leader_title2                  = MLA
| leader_name2                    =
| official_name                  =
}}
 
'''Vellore''' ({{IPA-ta|ʋeːluːɾ|lang}}) is a city and the administrative headquarters of [[Vellore district]] in the Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is located on the banks of the [[Palar River]] in the northeastern part of [[Tamil Nadu]] and is separated into four zones that are further subdivided into 60 wards,covering an area of 87.915&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and housing a population of 5,69,000 as on 2020.<ref name="Government of Tamil Nadu"/><ref name="The Hindu"/> It is located about {{convert|137.20|km|mi|0|abbr=}} west of [[Chennai]], and about {{convert|213.20|km|mi|0|abbr=}} east of [[Bangalore]]. Vellore connects [[Mumbai]] - Chennai and Vellore connects most of the Indian cities. Vellore is governed under a [[mayor]] and the [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]]. It is a part of both the [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lok Sabha]] and [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|state assembly]] constituencies of Vellore.
 
Vellore is the home to [[Christian Medical College & Hospital]],<ref name="thehindu.com"/> the [[Vellore Institute of Technology|Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)]]<ref name="vit.ac.in"/> and [[Golden Temple, Sripuram|Sripuram Golden Temple.]]
 
The Vellore region is the largest exporter of finished [[leather]] goods in the country. Leather exports from Vellore account for more than 37% of India's leather exports and leather-related products.<ref name=VDA1>{{cite web|title=Activities and schemes operated by District Industries Centre, Vellore district|url=http://vellore.nic.in/dic.htm|publisher=Vellore District Administration |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>
 
Vellore is one of 27 cities chosen by the&nbsp;Government of India to take part in the country's [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref name="Staff Reporter"/>
 
==Etymology==
According to a legend, many [[Vachellia nilotica|babul trees]] (known locally as '''velan''' trees) surrounded this region, which led to the name "Vellore".<ref name="urbaninfra12" />
 
Vellore is also known as the Second Madras because of its importance and location relative to [[Chennai]] (Madras).
 
==History==
The recorded history of Vellore dates back to the ninth century, as seen from a [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] inscription in the [[Annamalaiyar Temple]] in [[Tiruvannamalai]].<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm|title=Tiruvannamali Historical moments|year=2011|access-date=2012-12-29|publisher=Tiruvannamali Municipality|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191523/http://municipality.tn.gov.in/thiruvannamalai/abcity_Historical%20Moments.htm|archive-date=2013-10-29}}</ref>
 
Vellore is strategically located<!--How so?--> and well-connected by rail and bus routes to major towns in the neighbouring states of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Kerala]]. Many dynasties and rulers dominated Vellore throughout its history, including the [[Pallava dynasty]], [[Medieval Cholas]], [[Later Cholas]], [[Vijayanagar]], the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]], the [[Sambuvaraya|Sambuvaraya chieftains]], the [[Nawabs of the Carnatic]], and the administration of the [[British Raj|British]]. In the 18th century, Vellore was involved in the [[Carnatic Wars]] between Britain and France. It was situated close to several decisive battles, including those at [[Ambur]] (1749), [[Arcot]] (1751), and [[Vandavasi]] (1760).
 
[[Vellore Fort]] is important to Vellore's history. Due to a lack of historical records, it is not known exactly when the fort was constructed, but estimates based on stone inscriptions suggests that the fort was most likely built during the rule of Chinna Bommi Nayak between 1526 and 1595. The fort is a good example of [[Architecture of Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu military architecture]], while the [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Jalakandeswarar Temple]] within the fort represents [[Vijayanagara architecture]].
 
[[Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore|Christian Medical College & Hospital]], founded in 1900 by the American medical missionary [[Ida S. Scudder|Dr. Ida S. Scudder]], is another Vellore landmark. The hospital has grown into a medical institution of international repute.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}
 
The central prison in Vellore, established in 1830, had imprisoned notable figures like [[C. Rajagopalachari]] and  [[Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]. Other landmarks include the Aruganthampoodi mausoleums, located close to the section of [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]] between Vellore and Arcot, where the family members of [[Tipu Sultan]] were buried; and the Muthu Mandapam, a memorial on the banks of [[Palar River]] built by the Tamil Nadu Government to honor [[Sri Vikrama Rajasinha]], the last ruler of the [[Kingdom of Kandy]] in [[Sri Lanka]], who ruled from 1798 to 1815 and was imprisoned in Vellore Fort for 17 years until his death.
 
===Vellore Fort===
{{Main|Vellore Fort}}
 
The fort of Vellore was built around 1566 CE by the chieftains of Sadashiv Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. In the mid-17th century the fort was owned by various parties. The Aravidus, the last dynasty that ruled Vijayanagara lost Vellore to the Bijapur Sultan before being captured by the Marathas after a siege that lasted four and a half months in 1676. The fort came under the charge of Dost Ali, the Nawab of Carnatic, before passing on to the British in 1760. Vellore Fort withstood Hyder Ali's siege from 1780 to 1782, and would later become the base for Lord Cornwallis’ march on Bangalore to defeat Tipu Sultan.
 
When Tipu Sultan was killed at Sringapatam during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798-79 CE), his kingdom was handed back to the Hindu Wodeyar kings of Mysore and the British exiled Tipu's surviving sons, daughters, their families, and their entire entourage to Vellore Fort. They stayed in the palaces in the fort and participated in the Mutiny of 1806.
 
===Vellore mutiny===
{{Main|Vellore Mutiny}}
 
In 1805, the new Commander-in-Chief of the [[Madras Army]] of the [[British East Indian Company]], [[John Cradock, 1st Baron Howden|General Sir John Cradock]], began an ambitious reform of the army's disciplinary system. New, standardized regulations were approved for the Madras Army, which dictated how [[sepoy]]s should wear their uniforms and appear on duty. Under these regulations, Hindus were prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads while on duty, and Muslims were required to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. One change that was especially problematic was a new headdress associated with Indian converts to Christianity, which included a leather [[cockade]]. This caused an uproar, as leather was a cultural taboo for the upper caste sepoys of the Madras Army. As a result, many sepoys believed that their British officers were conspiring to convert them to Christianity.
 
In May 1806, a few soldiers protested against these changes and were sent to [[Fort St. George, India|Fort St. George]] in Chennai, where they were publicly lashed and discharged from the army. With the levels of resentment towards the British already high, the sons of the deceased [[Tipu Sultan]] exacerbated the conflict by assisting the mutineers who revolted on 10 July. Under the pretense of attending the wedding of one of Tipu Sultan's daughters, mutineers gathered in Vellore Fort where the wedding was held and revolted. Raising the flag of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], they declared Tipu Sultan's son Fateh Hyder king. The mutineers caused about 200 British casualties before their revolt was put down by British reinforcements under Sir [[Rollo Gillespie]], and many of the mutineers were either summarily shot, captured, court-martialed, and/or executed.
 
As a result of the uprising, the dress codes were retracted, and Cradock was dismissed. Although the mutiny took place before larger revolts in the 1850s, it was indicative of the simmering dissent in the Indian soldiery. The Vellore mutiny is considered to be the first large-scale Indian mutiny against the British, and a prelude to the much larger [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Sepoy Mutiny]] in 1857.
 
==Economic, Social and Cultural Changes in Vellore in the 20th Century==
The economic condition of the district in the earlier stages was not sound with the absence of major industries. Industries like Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Ranipet, Tamil Nadu Explosives Ltd., and Vellore Katpadi were established as the result of governmental police. There has been notable growth of small scale industries and tanneries in the district, which not only generated employment opportunities, but also contributed economic growth to farmers. Uzhavar Sandhai helped the rural poor improve the economy. Women-driven self help groups played an important role in building rural economy and teaching rural women to be self-reliant.
Vellore also changed socially as time went by. Increased social awareness and upward social growth marked the successful foundation of its districts. Literacy improved in part of the Arivoli Movement.
 
During the first half of the 19th century, the town came under [[British rule in India|British rule]].<ref name="urbaninfra12">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 12</ref>
 
==Geography and climate==
[[File:Night View City of Vellore.jpg|thumb|AnnaSalai]]
Vellore is at {{Coord|12.92|N|79.13|E}}, 220m above sea level. The city has a semi-arid climate. It is in the Vellore district of the South Indian state, Tamil Nadu, {{convert|135|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the state capital [[Chennai]]. Vellore lies in the [[Eastern Ghats]] region and Palar river basin. The topography is almost flat with slope from west to east.<ref name="Hot climate report"/>
 
Vellore is in a [[tropical savanna climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Aw''). The temperature ranges from {{convert|13|°C|°F}} to {{convert|39.4|°C|°F}}. Like the rest of the state, April to June are the hottest months and December to January are the mildest. Vellore receives {{convert|1034.1|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall every year.  The southwestern monsoon from June to September brings {{convert|517.1|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of rainfall, with September being the rainiest month. The northeastern monsoon which lasts from October to December brings {{convert|388.4|mm|in|2|disp=or}} of rainfall. The humidity ranges from 40%–63% during summer and 67%–86% during winter.<ref name="abt">{{cite web|title=About city|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_City.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713045906/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/abt_City.htm|archive-date=13 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
{{Weather box
|location = Vellore (1981-2010, extremes 1901-2012)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan record high C = 35.3
| Feb record high C = 39.8
| Mar record high C = 42.8
| Apr record high C = 44.4
| May record high C = 45.0
| Jun record high C = 44.3
| Jul record high C = 40.9
| Aug record high C = 39.4
| Sep record high C = 39.6
| Oct record high C = 39.2
| Nov record high C = 35.8
| Dec record high C = 35.0
| year record high C = 45.0
| Jan high C = 29.8
| Feb high C = 32.8
| Mar high C = 36.1
| Apr high C = 38.2
| May high C = 39.1
| Jun high C = 36.6
| Jul high C = 35.1
| Aug high C = 34.3
| Sep high C = 34.0
| Oct high C = 32.3
| Nov high C = 29.8
| Dec high C = 28.7
| year high C = 33.9
| Jan low C = 17.8
| Feb low C = 18.9
| Mar low C = 21.6
| Apr low C = 24.6
| May low C = 25.7
| Jun low C = 25.2
| Jul low C = 24.5
| Aug low C = 24.0
| Sep low C = 23.4
| Oct low C = 22.4
| Nov low C = 20.6
| Dec low C = 18.2
| year low C = 22.2
| Jan record low C = 10.2
| Feb record low C = 12.0
| Mar record low C = 12.1
| Apr record low C = 13.8
| May record low C = 18.1
| Jun record low C = 19.6
| Jul record low C = 18.8
| Aug record low C = 18.7
| Sep record low C = 18.7
| Oct record low C = 15.6
| Nov record low C = 12.1
| Dec record low C = 11.0
| year record low C = 10.2
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 11.5
| Feb rain mm = 1.7
| Mar rain mm = 16.7
| Apr rain mm = 28.2
| May rain mm = 69.7
| Jun rain mm = 78.2
| Jul rain mm = 110.4
| Aug rain mm = 134.1
| Sep rain mm = 195.2
| Oct rain mm = 158.1
| Nov rain mm = 156.3
| Dec rain mm = 74.0
| year rain mm = 1034.3
| Jan rain days = 0.9
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 1.1
| Apr rain days = 1.5
| May rain days = 4.5
| Jun rain days = 5.0
| Jul rain days = 6.2
| Aug rain days = 7.8
| Sep rain days = 8.8
| Oct rain days = 8.6
| Nov rain days = 7.6
| Dec rain days = 3.6
| year rain days = 55.6
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 54
| Feb humidity = 47
| Mar humidity = 41
| Apr humidity = 41
| May humidity = 45
| Jun humidity = 51
| Jul humidity = 54
| Aug humidity = 58
| Sep humidity = 63
| Oct humidity = 69
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 64
|year humidity = 55
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Vellore Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 785–786
| access-date = 15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M208
| access-date = 15 March 2020}}</ref>
}}
 
==Demographics==
<!--Any more recent data?-->
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|80.09}}{{bar percent|
[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|14.28}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|4.79}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.51}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.03}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.02}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.53}}{{bar percent|
[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.02}}
}}
 
{{Historical populations
|align =right
| state = collapsed
|1961|113742
|1971|139082
|1981|174257
|1991|175061
|2001|177413
|2011|504079
| footnote = Sources:
* 1961 – 2001<ref name="urbaninfra1518">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, pp. 15-18</ref>
* 2011<ref name=2011census/>
}}
 
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Vellore had a population of 504,079 <ref name=2011Vellorecensus>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Vellore|url=https://www.tnurbantree.tn.gov.in/vellore/wp-content/uploads/sites/139/2020/07/2017-18_1-2.pdf|publisher=Office of The Vellore Municipal Corporation, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2017–18}}</ref> of which  247,002 are males and 257,077 are females. The sex-ratio of Vellore is 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 926. A total of 48,547 were under the age of six, constituting 24,692 males and 23,855 females. The literacy rate of Vellore is 87.09% which is higher than National Urban average of 85%. Literacy rate for male and female for Vellore stood at 92.03% and 82.23% respectively. Total literates in Vellore were 379,849 of which males were 199,247 and remaining 180,602 were females.The city had a total of 112,486 households, with 70,257 workers, including 297 cultivators, 395 main agricultural labourers, 4,387 in household industries, 59,281 other workers, 5,897 marginal workers, 59 marginal cultivators, 74 marginal agricultural labourers, 667 marginal workers in household industries, and 5,097 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Vellore|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=678331|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 Jan 2014}}</ref>
 
According to the religious census of 2011, Vellore's population was 80.09% [[Hindu]], 14.28% [[Muslim]], 4.79% [[Christians|Christian]], 0.02% [[Sikh]], 0.03% [[Buddhist]], 0.51% [[Jainism|Jain]], with 0.26% following other religions, and 0.02% following no religion or not indicating any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
 
As of 2001, 69.88% of the city's land area was developed.<ref name="urbaninfra17"/> Out of the developed area, 55.76% was used for residential purposes, 8.34% for commerce, 1.58% for industry, 3.3% for education, 16.46% for public and semi-public use, and 10.12% for transport and communication.<ref name="urbaninfra29">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 29</ref> Although population density varies between different areas, the average density of the city of Vellore is 241 persons per hectare.<ref name="urbaninfra17">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 17</ref>
 
{{wide image|Panoramic view - Vellore.jpg|750px|alt=Vellore Panorama|align-cap=center|Vellore Panorama.}}
 
==Administration and politics==
{| class="toccolours" style="clear:right; float:right; background:#fff; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; width:220px;" font-size : "90%"
|-
| style="background:#A8BDEC" align="center" colspan=2|'''Municipal Corporation officials'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| Mayor||
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Commissioner||P. Janaki Raveendran<ref>{{cite web|title=Commissioner of municipal corporation|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/COMR1.pdf|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222132031/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/COMR1.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Deputy Mayor||
|-
!  style="background:#a8bdec; text-align:center;" colspan=2|Elected members
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Legislative Assembly||P.Karthikeyan<ref name="MLA of Vellore">{{cite web|title=MLA of Vellore|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/043.htm|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|year=2011|access-date =2012-12-29}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;"|Member of Parliament||[[Kathir Anand]]<ref name="Rit">{{cite web|title=Seventeenth Loksabha, Member of the Parliament|publisher=Parliament of India|year=2019|access-date=28 September 2019|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/AlphabeticalList.aspx}}</ref>
|}
Vellore is the municipal headquarters of [[Vellore district]]. The town was first recognized as a third-grade municipality in 1866, promoted to first-grade in 1947, to selection-grade in 1970, and to a municipal corporation on 1 August 2008. The functions of the [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]] are divided into six departments: General Administration/Personnel, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Planning, and Information Technology (IT). These departments are under the executive control of a municipal commissioner.<ref name="tn.gov.in"/> Legislative powers are held by a body of 60 members, with each councilor being elected from one of the city's wards.<ref name="About the municipal corporation"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Councillors of municipal corporation|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/coun-photo.pdf|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222131940/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/coun-photo.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The legislative body is headed by an elected mayor who is assisted by a deputy mayor.<ref name="Sameeksha Trust"/>
 
Vellore is a part of the [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|Vellore]], [[Katpadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Katpadi]] & Anaicut assembly constituencies and elects 3 members to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] once every five years.<ref name="List of Assembly Constituencies"/> Since the 1977 elections, [[AIADMK|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) won the assembly elections in 1977 and 2009, while [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK) won seats in 1980, 1984 and 1989. Elections were won twice by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), in 1991 and 2001, while the [[Tamil Maanila Congress]] (TMC) secured seats in 1996 and 2001. The current MLA of Vellore constituency is Mr.P.Karthikeyan, Katpadi constituencyis Mr. Duraimurugan and Aniacut constituency is Mr. Nandakumar all from DMK.<ref name="MLA of Vellore"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S22/partycomp48.htm|title=Partywise Comparison Since 1977|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011}}</ref>
 
Vellore is a part of the [[Vellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vellore]] & [[Arakkonam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arakkonam]] Lok Sabha constituencies. It consisted of the following six assembly constituencies before 2009: [[Katpadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Katpadi]], [[Gudiyatham (State Assembly Constituency)|Gudiyatham]], [[Pernampattu (State Assembly Constituency)|Pernampattu]], [[Anaicut (State Assembly Constituency)|Anaicut]], [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|Vellore]], and [[Arni (State Assembly Constituency)|Arni]] constituencies. After the 2009 reorganization, it is composed of [[Vellore (State Assembly Constituency)|Vellore]], [[Anaicut (State Assembly Constituency)|Anaicut]], [[Kilvazhithunaiankuppam (State Assembly Constituency)|Kilvazhithunaiankuppam]], [[Gudiyatham (State Assembly Constituency)|Gudiyatham]], [[Vaniyambadi (State Assembly Constituency)|Vaniyambadi]], and [[Ambur (State Assembly Constituency)|Ambur]] constituencies.<ref name="Assembly seats increase to 13 in Ve"/>
 
Since 1951, the Vellore parliament seat was won by the Indian National Congress four times in the 1957,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=17}}</ref> 1962,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=49}}</ref> 1989 and 1991 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1989/Vol_I_LS_89.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=81}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1991/VOL_I_LS_91.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=51}}</ref> AIADMK twice during the 1984 and 2014 elections;<ref name="Rit"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1984/Vol_I_LS_84.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=73}}</ref> CWL once during 1951 elections; independent once during the 1980 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1980/Vol_I_LS_80.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=79}}</ref> Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam five times during the 1967,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=67}}</ref> 1971,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS_71.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=71}}</ref> 1996,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1996/Vol_I_LS_96.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=86}}</ref> 2004 and 2009 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_2004/Vol_I_LS_2004.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=94}}</ref> once each by NCO during the 1977 elections;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1977/Vol_I_LS_77.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=80}}</ref> and twice by [[Pattali Makkal Katchi]] (PMK) during the 1998 and 1999 elections.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1998/Vol_I_LS_98.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=85}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/SR_KeyHighLights/LS_1999/Vol_I_LS_99.pdf|title=Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=2012-12-29|page=85}}</ref> The current Member of Parliament from the constituency is Kathir Anand from the DMK party.<ref name="Rit"/>
 
Law enforcement in Vellore is organized by the Vellore subdivision of the [[Tamil Nadu Police]] headed by a deputy superintendent. There are four police stations in the city, one of them being an all-women station. Different special task forces focus on prohibition enforcement, district crime, and social justice and human rights. Administrative duties are performed by a branch that operates at the district level and is headed by a superintendent.<ref name="Vellore Police"/>
 
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Vellore}}
According to the Indian Census of 2001, the urban workforce employment rate of Vellore is 43.64%. Vellore, being the headquarters of the district, has registered growth in its tertiary sector activities with a corresponding decrease in the primary sector. Most employment is provided by the leather industry, agricultural trading, and industries in and around the city. Approximately 83.35% of the workforce is employed in tertiary sector comprising transport, services and commerce. The secondary sector activities like manufacturing and household industries employs 13.52% of the workforce. Male worker employment (43.64%) is higher than female work employment(24.39%).<ref name="urbaninfra2021">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, pp. 20-21</ref>
 
Vellore is known as the leather hub of India.<ref name="theviralshots.com"/> Hundreds of leather and [[Tannery (facility)|tannery]] facilities are around Vellore and nearby towns, such as [[Ranipet]], [[Ambur]] and [[Vaniyambadi]]. The Vellore district is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products (such as finished leathers, shoes, garments and [[leather gloves|gloves]]).<ref name="VDA1"/> [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] (BHEL) is one of the nine major government owned enterprises in the nation. The Boiler Auxiliaries Plant of BHEL in Ranipet is the industrial hub of Vellore. Chemical plants in the [[Ranipet]]-[[SIPCOT]] economic zone are a major source of income to Vellore residents.<ref name="Move to ensure growth of micro engi"/> [[EID Parry]] is a sanitary-ware manufacturing company with 38% of the world's market share in bathroom accessories.<ref name="EID Parry Analysis Report"/> Tirumalai Chemicals and Greaves are among the international brands that have manufacturing units in the city. Automobile and mechanical companies of global Brands, including [[SAME Deutz-Fahr]], TVS–Brakes India, [[Mitsubishi]], [[Greaves Cotton]] and MRF have their manufacturing units in the area. Brakes India Sholingur's foundry division is located at Vellore-[[Sholingur]] and is a major employer in the area.<ref name="Brakes India Limited"/> Asia's biggest explosives manufacturing company, Tamil Nadu Explosives Limited (TEL), is in Vellore at [[Katpadi]]. This is India's only government explosives company with more than a thousand employees.{{clarify|date=February 2012|reason=there are other GECs but they have less than 1000 staff?}} The company is headed by a senior [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer.<ref name="Welcome to TNIEL"/> Kramski Stamping and Molding India Pvt Ltd, a [[Germany|German]] precision metal and plastic integrated-component manufacturing company with automotive, telecommunications, electronics and medical applications is located in Erayankadu, near Vellore.<ref name="gmbh.kramski.com"/> Major businesses in the city center are on Officer's Line, Town Hall Road, Long Bazaar and Bangalore, Scudder, Arni, Gandhi and Katpadi Roads. Many boarding and lodging houses are in and around Scudder and Gandhi Roads. Microsoft Corporation (India) Pvt. Ltd. announced the launch of 14 Microsoft Innovation Centers (MICs) in India. Trichy, Vellore, Coimbatore, Madurai and Salem in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="Microsoft innovation Labs"/>
 
[[Christian Medical College & Hospital]] (CMCH), on [[Ida S. Scudder|Ida Scudder]] Road in the heart of the city, is Vellore's largest private employer and has a large floating population from other parts of India and abroad. Lodging, hospitals and allied businesses are among the major sources of income generated in the central part of the city. The [[Government Vellore Medical College]] and Hospital (VMCH) are located at Adukamparai in Vellore. With hospitals such as [[Apollo KH Hospital]] in Melvisharam and [[Sri Narayani Hospital & Research Centre]] in Sripuram, coupled with colleges such as CMC & [[Vellore Institute of Technology|VIT]] and other engineering and science colleges, the health care industry is growing rapidly.<ref name="tribuneindia.com"/>
 
'Naruvi Hospitals' is being built at a cost of 3300 million INR, a joint venture between vellore based 'Pearl Human Care' and [[Detroit]]-based [[Henry Ford Health System]].<ref name="deccanchronicle.com"/> Sri Narayani Aayurvedic Centre, was inaugurated by Union Minister of State for AYUSH Shripad Yesso Naik on August, 2019.<ref name="VNaruvi Hospitals' in Vellore to gi"/>
 
Other rural industries than agriculture include weaving and [[beedi]] and matchstick rolling. The Indian Army has a number of recruits from the [[Vellore district]] (especially from [[Kammavanpet]] known as "the military village") and military spending is a major source of income.<ref name="Vellore"/>
 
==Education==
{{Main|List of educational institutions in Vellore}}
Vellore is considered a prominent destination for medical and technological education in India.<ref name="outlook">{{cite news|title=Outlook ranking of colleges in Vellore (CMC)|url= http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?265892|work=Outlook|access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news|title=India Today Ranking of VIT |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Photo/1366/3/India/India%27s+Top+Engineering+Colleges.htm |work=India Today |access-date=2013-07-07 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> It has a state-government university, a private technological university, one government and one private medical school and several engineering and arts and science colleges.
 
Notable Islamic and Arabic college in Vellore is [[Bakqiyat Salihat Arabic College]].
 
The country's first stem-cell translational research centre was established in Vellore in December 2005.<ref name="The Hindu Businessline"/> The central government's biotechnology department selected the [[Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore|Christian Medical College (CMC)]] as the first in a series of centers as it already had world-class clinical hematology and biochemistry departments.<ref name="The Times of India"/> The college made a breakthrough which attracted the attention of the country's medical and scientific community: the Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Christian Medical College succeeded in reprogramming cells from adult mice to make them function like stem cells found in the human embryo.<ref name="Menon"/> The agricultural research station at Virinjipuram is in the Northeastern Zone of Tamil Nadu. It is one of 32 research stations of [[Tamil Nadu Agricultural University]] (TNAU). The [[Government of India]]-sponsored National Watershed Development Project for Rainfed Areas (NWDPRA) scheme has been in operation since October 1997, and it makes conservation measures conducted in water and soil of 18 watersheds in the Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts.<ref>{{cite report|title=Brief highlights of impact assessment of NWDPRA|url=http://www.intranet.icrisat.org/gtaes/projects/ca_watersheds/NWDPRA/pdf/ph1-fpdf/Tamilnadu/Gudiyatha.pdf|publisher=NWDPRA|access-date=2013-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195919/http://www.intranet.icrisat.org/gtaes/projects/ca_watersheds/NWDPRA/pdf/ph1-fpdf/Tamilnadu/Gudiyatha.pdf|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
[[Thiruvalluvar University]] was split off from the [[University of Madras]] and is located near [[Vallimalai]], Vellore.<ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112853580400.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201202843/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/28/stories/2010112853580400.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 December 2010 | location=Chennai, India | title=Karunanidhi renames Officers' Line in Vellore Anna Salai | date=28 November 2010| work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref> Most government-run arts and science colleges in [[Vellore District|Vellore]], [[Tiruvannamalai District|Tiruvannamalai]], [[Villupuram District|Villupuram]] and [[Cuddalore district]]s are affiliated with Thiruvalluvar University.<ref name="hindu.com"/><ref name="Thiruvalluvar University"/> Thanthai Periyar Government Institute of Technology is the only government engineering college in Vellore. The [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] (VIT) has been ranked best private engineering university in India by the magazine ''[[India Today]]''.<ref name="outlook"/><ref name="indiatoday"/>
 
[[File:CMCH Vellore.JPG|thumb|right|Main building of the Christian Medical College Hospital|alt=Three-story building with central column, framed with palm trees]]
Christian Medical College & Hospital (CMCH), one of the largest hospitals in India and Asia, is based out of Vellore. It is a major health care provider for the surrounding districts.<ref name="inhome.rediff.com"/><ref name="V. 2008 110"/>
 
Auxilium Women's College (founded in 1954) is the first women's college in Vellore district;<ref name=best>{{cite web|url=http://www.fmachennai.org/education.php |title=Auxilium College |publisher=[[FMA Chennai]] |access-date=2008-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612104239/http://www.fmachennai.org/education.php |archive-date=June 12, 2008 }}</ref> Other arts and sciences colleges in the city are the Dhanabakyam Krishnaswamy Mudhaliar Women's College (DKM) near Sainathapuram and the [[Muthurangam Government Arts College]] (MGAC) in Otteri, near Bagayam. [[Voorhees College (India)|Voorhees College]] (founded 1898) is the oldest college in the district and known as the institution where S. Radhakrishnan (former president of India) studied; a commemorative stamp for the centenary of the college was issued by the government of India. C. Abdul Hakeem College is in Melvisharam. Arignar Anna Arts College for Women (AAA) is located in Walajapet.
 
The [[Government Law College, Vellore|Government Law College]] was established in 2008. It offers a three-year [[Bachelor of Laws]] (BL) degree with an annual intake of 80 students. The college is in Katpadi, Vellore.<ref name="BCI's approval for Vellore law coll"/> There are several Arabic colleges in Vellore such as the [[Madrasa Al-Baqiyathus Salihath]] (popularly known as ''Baaqiyaath''), founded by [[Shah Abdul Wahab]] and is the second oldest Arabic college in India after [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="saridhai">{{cite book|first=Abdul Majeed|last= Khatib|title=அண்ணல் அஃலா ஹள்ரத்(ரஹ்)அழகிய சரிதை - Beautiful History of A'la Hadrath|pages= 31–48|location= Vellore|publisher=Darul Khatib|year=1992}}</ref><ref name="jbp">{{cite book|first=J.B.P. |last=More|title=Political Evolution of Muslims in Tamilnadu and Madras 1930–1947|page= 54|publisher= Orient Blackswan|year= 1997|isbn=978-81-250-1192-7}}</ref>
 
Schieffelin Institute of Health – Research and Leprosy Centre (SIH-R & LC) is located near Vellore and was established in 1955 to care for leprosy patients.
 
==Tourism==
{{Main|Tourism in Vellore}}
[[File:Vellore Fort and Jalakandeswarar temple (12).jpg|thumb|center|690px|Vellore Fort and Jalakandeswarar temple Panorama]]
[[Vellore Fort]] is the most prominent landmark in the city. During [[British Raj|British rule]], [[Tipu Sultan]]'s family and the last king of [[Sri Lanka]], Vikrama Rajasinha, were held as royal prisoners in the fort. The fort houses a church, a mosque and a Hindu temple, the latter known for its carvings. The first rebellion against British rule erupted at this fort in 1806, and it witnessed the massacre of the Vijayanagara royal family of Emperor Sriranga Raya.<ref name="Vellore sepoys rebelled"/> The fortifications consist of a main rampart, broken at irregular intervals by round towers and rectangular projections. The main walls are built of massive granite stones, surrounded by a broad moat fed with water by subterranean pipes from the Suryagunta reservoir.
 
[[File:"Sri Jalagandeeswarar Temple, Feb 2012.jpg|thumb|[[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Sri Jalakandeswarar Temple]] Main Gopuram, February 2012|left]]
Within the fort is the similarly aged [[Jalakandeswarar Temple, Vellore|Jalakanteswara Temple]]. The fort houses the Tipu Mahal where Tipu Sultan is believed to have stayed with his family during the war with the British; the graves of Tipu's sons are found at Vellore.<ref name="Heritage Site - Tipu Sultans"/> It is managed by the Archaeological Survey of India. Vellore Fort has been declared a Monument of National Importance and is a famous tourist attraction.<ref name="Vellore fort to turn tourists' beac"/>
 
The State Government Museum is inside the fort and opened to the public in 1985. It consists of art, archaeology, prehistory, weapons, sculptures, bronzes, wood carvings, handicrafts, numismatics, philately, botany, geology, and zoology exhibits. Historical monuments of the North Arcot District are contained in the gallery.<ref name="Numismatics expo begins at Vellore"/> Special exhibits include a double bronze sword from Vellore Taluk dating to 400 BCE, stone sculptures from the late Pallava to Vijayanagar periods, ivory chess boards and coins used by the last Kandian King of Sri Lanka, Vikrama Raja Singha. Educational activities at the museum include an art camp for school students and the study of inscriptions and iconography for college students.<ref name="Sculptural splendour of India at Ve"/>
 
==Transport==
=== Road ===
[[File:Green-Circle-Vellore-National-Highway-Flyover.jpg|thumb|200px|NH 48 Green Circle Junction (Central Bus Terminus) flyover in Vellore City]]
The Vellore municipal corporation maintains {{convert|104.332|km|mi|abbr=on}} of roads. It has {{convert|50.259|km|mi|abbr=on}} of concrete road, {{convert|6.243|km|mi|abbr=on}} of kutcha road and {{convert|47.88|km|mi|abbr=on}} of bituminous road.<ref name="Vellore roads"/> The [[National highways of India|National Highways]] passing through or terminating at Vellore as per new numbering are:<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%"
|+
! Highway Number !!  Destination !! Via
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[National Highway 48 (India)|48]] || [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu|Chennai]] || [[Kanchipuram]], [[Sriperumbudur]],
|-
| [[Delhi]] || [[Bengalore|Bengaluru]], [[Pune]], [[Mumbai]], [[Vadodara]], [[Udaipur]], [[Jaipur]]
|-
| [[National Highway 38 (India)|38]] || [[Thoothukudi]] || [[Tiruvannamalai]], [[Tiruchirappalli]], [[Madurai]]
|-
| [[National Highway 40 (India)|40]] || [[Hyderabad]] || [[Chittoor]], [[Kadapa]], [[Kurnool]]
|-
| [[National Highway 75 (India)|75]] || [[Mangaluru]] || [[Gudiyattam]], [[Pernambut]], [[Venkatagirikota]], [[Kolar]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Hassan, Karnataka|Hassan]], [[Sakleshpura]]
|-
|}
 
Vellore is connected with major cities in the states of Tamil Nadu, [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]]. Bus service is available to [[Chennai]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Bangalore]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]], [[Kadapa]], [[Anantapur]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Chittoor]], [[Kuppam]], [[Kolar]], [[Kolar Gold Fields]], [[Madanapalle]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mangalore]], [[Karur]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Aranthangi]], [[Mannargudi]], [[Nagapattinam]], [[Hosur]], [[Marthandam]], [[Thoothukudi]], [[Thiruchendur]], [[Sengottai]], [[Cuddalore]], [[Kurnool]], [[Trichy]], [[Thuraiyur]], [[Thammampatti]], [[Thiruvannamalai]], [[Tindivanam]], [[Pondicherry]], [[Kallakkurichi]], [[Tiruppattur, Tirupathur district|Tirupattur]], [[Viluppuram]], [[Kanyakumari (town)|Kanyakumari]], [[Arani, Tiruvannamalai District|Arani]], [[Madurai]], [[Tirunelveli]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Tiruttani]], [[Kalpakkam]], [[Pallikonda]], [[Ponnai]], [[Gudiyatham]], [[Dharmapuri]], [[Erode]], [[Tirupur]], [[Palakkad]], [[Krishnagiri]], [[mumbai]] Gingee and other major towns and cities in South India. Vellore is served by a city bus service, which connects the city, suburbs, and other places of interest. The bus service extends about 30&nbsp;km from the city center. There are two bus terminals: the Town Bus Terminus (opposite the fort and near CMC Hospital) and the Central Bus Terminus (Near Green Circle). Other bus terminals are located at Chittor Bus Stand (near VIT Road), Bagayam and Katpadi (Junction bus stop). The bus stands are maintained by the [[Vellore Municipal Corporation]].<ref name="routes">{{cite web|title=Bus routes|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Bus%20routes.htm|publisher=Vellore municipal corporation|access-date=2012-12-29|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710233120/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/ser_Bus%20routes.htm|archive-date=10 July 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>  New integrated bus terminus will be constructed at a cost of ₹46.51 crore in a 9.25 acre area under the Smart City project by the Vellore City Municipal Corporation, is expected to be completed in 24 months and become operational by January 2022.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
 
=== Rail ===
Vellore has three main railway stations: [[Katpadi Junction|Vellore Katpadi Junction]], [[Vellore Cantonment railway station|Vellore Cantonment]] and Vellore Town. The largest is [[Katpadi Junction|Vellore Katpadi Junction]] (5&nbsp;km north of CMC hospital). It is a major railway junction on the Chennai-Bangalore broad-gauge line running to Chennai, Bangalore, Tirupati, New Delhi, Howrah, Kanyakumari. There are direct rail links to [[Vijayawada Junction]], [[Tirupati]], [[Jhansi]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Nagpur]], [[Bangalore]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Lucknow]], [[Dehradun]], [[Agartala]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Ludhiana]], [[Bhopal Junction]], [[Mumbai]], [[Mangalore]], [[Tiruchchirapalli|Tiruchchirappalli]], [[Kumbakonam]], [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]][[Korba, Chhattisgarh|Korba]], [[Patna]], [[Ernakulam]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Kanniyakumari]], [[Shirdi]], [[Kanpur]], [[Gaya, India|Gaya]], [[Dhanbad]], [[Jammu Tawi]], [[Madurai]], [[Bhilai]], [[Gwalior]], [[Chennai Central]], [[Howrah Station]], [[New Delhi Railway Station]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Guwahati]], [[Silchar]], [[Madhupur]], [[Nagarcoil]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Kollam]], [[Bhagalpur]], [[Jaipur]], [[Dibrugarh]], [[Varanasi]], [[Pune]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Vishakapatnam]] and other major cities. More than 150 trains cross the Vellore-Katpadi Junction daily. Nearly 250 to 265 trains halt this junction. This is the major and busiest junction in South India and 1st Important railway station in Vellore district.<ref name="Indian Rail info"/>
 
[[Vellore Cantonment]] is in Suriyakulam on the Viluppuram-Tirupati [[broad gauge]] line, 8&nbsp;km from Katpadi Junction. [[Electric multiple unit|EMU]] and passenger trains to Tirupati, Chennai and Arakonnam depart from here.<ref name="New Broad gauge line Vellore Canton"/> The 150-km broad gauge line was extended to Villupuram in January 2010. It connects Vellore and South Tamil Nadu; however, {{As of|2019|01|lc=y}} it is serviced by slow passenger trains. The line was opened for goods trains in June 2010.<ref name="Goods trains operated on newly laid"/> An EMU from [[Vellore Cantonment]] to [[Chennai Central]] was introduced on December 22, 2008. Vellore Town Station is in Konavattam on the line connecting Katpadi Junction with [[Viluppuram Junction railway station|Viluppuram Junction]] via [[Tiruvannamalai]].
 
=== Air ===
{{Main|Vellore Airport}}
 
The [[Vellore Airport]] was established in 1934 and is located in Abdullapuram, 11&nbsp;km away from the city centre. It had been used to land trainer aircraft and helicopters.<ref name="newindianexpress.com"/> It was reactivated as a part of the [[Airports Authority of India]] idle airports activation programme in July 2006 to facilitate regular flying by trainee pilots of the Madras Flying Club whose operations were restricted with the increase in scheduled aircraft movement at [[Chennai Airport]].<ref name="Six idle airports to be activated"/> Vellore airport is in the process of being revived under the Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS). UDAN, runway and terminal building works are under progress, all the required infrastructure works scheduled to be ready by June 2019 for operations.<!--Is it done yet?--><ref>{{cite news|title=SVellore airport infrastructure to be ready by June 2019: AAI |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/oct/07/vellore-airport-infrastructure-to-be-ready-by-june-2019-aai-1882155.html |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date= 7 October 2018 |access-date=4 November 2018}}</ref>
 
==Sports==
Vellore is known for producing number of national and international weightlifters, [[M Tamil Selvan]], a silver medal winner at the 1978, 1982 Commonwealth games and represented India in 1980 Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sdat.tn.gov.in/arjunaawardeespdf/tamilselvan_weightlifting.pdf|title=M Tamil Selvan|website=Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu|language=en|access-date=2020-10-26}}</ref>
 
[[Sathish Sivalingam]], a gold medal winner at the 2014,2018 Commonwealth games. Vellore has the States first center of excellence for weightlifting. Built at an expense of 24 million INR, the centre has facilities for conducting international weightlifting events, latest training equipment and a multi-purpose training hall.<ref name="dtnext.in"/>
 
Vellore was among the two districts in Tamil Nadu which didn't have a sports complex. In 2018, the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] announced a sports complex would be set up with facilities for 400 metre athletics track, gallery, administrative office besides grounds for hockey, basketball, kabaddi, badminton and tennis. It would also have a swimming pool and gymnasium.<ref name="Vellore to get sports complex, badm"/>
 
==Urban Area==
[[File:Metropolitan Area of Vellore.jpg|thumb|Vellore Metropolitan Area|alt=]]
 
==Utility services==
Electricity supply to Vellore is regulated and distributed by the [[Tamil Nadu Electricity Board]] (TNEB). The city and its suburbs form the Vellore Electricity Distribution Circle. A chief distribution engineer is stationed at the regional headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Important Address |url=http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf |publisher=Indian Wind Power Association |access-date=2012-12-29 |year=2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016045943/http://www.windpro.org/pdf/MISC/TNEB%20Address.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2012 }}</ref> The water supply is provided by the Vellore municipal corporation from the Palar river through Palar headworks and Karungamputhur headworks and distributed through ten overhead tanks. As of 2005, there are 16,371 connections to 33,772 households. In 2000–2001, a total of 7.4 million litres of water was supplied daily for households in the city. The other sources of water are Otteri Lake, Sathuvancheri town panchayat, Ponnai and street wells.<ref name="Water Supply Details"/><ref name="urbaninfra3639">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, pp. 36-39</ref>
 
According to the municipal data for 2011, about 83 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from Vellore every day by door-to-door collection. The source segregation and dumping are carried out by the sanitary department of the Vellore municipal corporation. The municipal corporation covered 16 wards for waste collection as of 2001.<ref name="urbaninfra47">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 47</ref><ref name="Waste management programme"/> There is no underground drainage system and the sewage system for sullage disposal is through septic tanks, open drains and public conveniences.<ref name="urbaninfra45">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 45</ref><ref name="Vellore sewarage"/> The municipal corporation maintained {{convert|145|km|mi|abbr=on}} of storm water drains in 2011.<ref name="Storm water drains of Vellore"/> As of 2011, 24 government and private hospitals and one veterinary hospital take care of the  citizens' health care needs.<ref name="Vellore hospitals"/> As of 2011, the municipal corporation maintained 5,241 street lamps: 735 sodium lamps, 73 mercury vapour lamps, 4,432 tube lights and one high mast beam lamp.<ref name="Vellore street lights"/><ref name="urbaninfra55">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 55</ref> The municipal corporation operates the Netaji Daily Market that caters to the needs of the city and the rural areas around it.<ref name="urbaninfra65">[[#urban|Urban Infrastructure Report]] 2008, p. 65</ref>
 
== See also ==
*[[List of areas of Vellore]]
*[[List of people from Vellore]]
 
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
 
==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last=Mack |first=Alexander|pages=88–90 |title=Spiritual journey, imperial city: pilgrimage to the temples of Vijayanagara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KA7A4R-bA3wC&q=tiruvannamalai&pg=PA88 |year=2002|publisher=Vedam e-books Pvt. Ltd. |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7936-004-0|ref=Mack}}
* {{cite report|url=http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/citydevelopmentplan.pdf|publisher=Commissioner of Municipal Administration, Government of Tamil Nadu|title=Conversion of City Corporate Plan to Business Plan for Vellore Corporation|year=2008|access-date=2012-11-16|ref=urban|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901050215/http://vellorecorp.tn.gov.in/citydevelopmentplan.pdf|archive-date=1 September 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
* [http://www.vellore.tn.nic.in/histvellore.htm Vellore Official Government Site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061202074724/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/06/stories/2006080600360400.htm When the Vellore sepoys rebelled]
* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/04/07/stories/2002040701430500.htm Sambuvarayar period stone inscription found]
* [http://www.hinduonnet.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032307250600.htm Neolithic tools discovered]
 
{{Vellore district}}
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Cities and towns in Vellore district]]
[[Category:Vellore]]
 
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Revision as of 20:02, 3 October 2022

Vellore is an important city in Tamil Nadu, India. It is the headquarters of Vellore district. It is located on the banks of Palar River.The area of Vellore covers about 87km2.The total population of Vellore city is 423,425 as per 2001 census.[1]Vellore is the base place where two of India's top 10 educational institutions located.They are:Christian Medical College Hospital and VIT University.

Vellore region is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37% of the country's export of leather and leather-related products.[2]

Vellore Fort, Science Park, Vainu Bappu Observatory, Amirthi Zoological Park, Religious places such as Jalakandeswarar Temple, Srilakshmi Golden Temple, Big Mosque and St. John's Church and Yelagiri Hill station are the top tourist attractions in and around Vellore.

Reference

  1. ↑ population.city/india/vellore/
  2. ↑ "Activities and schemes operated by District Industries Centre, Vellore district". Vellore District Administration. Archived from the original on 2013-09-20. Retrieved 2013-07-07.
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