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'''Moozhikulam Kacham''' (also romanised as '''Mulikkulam Kaccam''') was a medieval code of law followed in the [[Chera/Perumals of Makotai|Chera Perumal kingdom]], south India predominantly in regard to sustaining the authority of the landowners and temple trustees.'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ganesh|first=K. N.|date=2016|title=Ownership and Control of Land in Medieval Kerala|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946469102800304|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|language=en|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1177/001946469102800304|s2cid=145351780|via=}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M. G. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ|title=Perumals of Kerala | '''Moozhikulam Kacham''' (also romanised as '''Mulikkulam Kaccam''') was a medieval code of law followed in the [[Chera/Perumals of Makotai|Chera Perumal kingdom]], south India predominantly in regard to sustaining the authority of the landowners and temple trustees.'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ganesh|first=K. N.|date=2016|title=Ownership and Control of Land in Medieval Kerala|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001946469102800304|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|language=en|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1177/001946469102800304|s2cid=145351780|via=}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Narayanan|first=M. G. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ|title=Perumals of Kerala|publisher=CosmoBooks|year=2013|isbn=9788188765072|location=Thrissur (Kerala)|pages=214–16|chapter=|orig-year=1972}}</ref>''' The code was first formulated in the [[Moozhikkulam|Moozhikulam]] [[Brahmin]] settlement of central [[Kerala]] with royal (Chera) sanction. The head of the [[Thirumoozhikkulam Lakshmana Perumal Temple|Moozhikulam Temple]] was a member of the Chera Perumal king's permanent council at [[Kodungallur]].'''<ref name=":6" />''' The original code has not yet been recovered.'''<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gurukkal|first=Rajan|date=1979|title=Some Aspects of Early Medieval Brahman Village Legal Codes of Kerala|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141954|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=40|pages=150–158|jstor=44141954|issn=2249-1937|via=}}</ref>''' | ||
The code, in general, describes the punishments for committing crimes related to temple properties and rituals, like | The code, in general, describes the punishments for committing crimes related to temple properties and rituals, like | ||
Latest revision as of 10:52, 9 January 2022
| Moozhikulam Kacham | |
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| Territorial extent | Chera Perumal Kingdom |
Moozhikulam Kacham (also romanised as Mulikkulam Kaccam) was a medieval code of law followed in the Chera Perumal kingdom, south India predominantly in regard to sustaining the authority of the landowners and temple trustees.[1][2] The code was first formulated in the Moozhikulam Brahmin settlement of central Kerala with royal (Chera) sanction. The head of the Moozhikulam Temple was a member of the Chera Perumal king's permanent council at Kodungallur.[2] The original code has not yet been recovered.[2][3]
The code, in general, describes the punishments for committing crimes related to temple properties and rituals, like
- Appropriating temple land illegally[2]
- Obstructing or plundering the cultivation of the lands assigned to the routine expenditure of the temple[2]
- Default in temple expenditure[2]
And the common punishments were confiscation of the rights and properties and excommunication.[2]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Ganesh, K. N. (2016). "Ownership and Control of Land in Medieval Kerala". The Indian Economic & Social History Review. doi:10.1177/001946469102800304. S2CID 145351780.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 214–16. ISBN 9788188765072.
- ↑ Gurukkal, Rajan (1979). "Some Aspects of Early Medieval Brahman Village Legal Codes of Kerala". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 40: 150–158. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44141954.
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