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{{ | {{Short description|Jain dynasty ruling in the Tulu Nadu region}} | ||
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The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[ | The '''Chowta dynasty''' was a [[Sthānakavāsī|Sthanakwasi]] [[Jainism|Jain]] dynasty that ruled parts of the [[Tulu Nadu]] region during the 12th{{snd}}18th centuries.<ref>34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud">{{cite book |last1=Hinge |first1=Shrinivas |title=Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud |date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781645872962 |pages=140 |edition=Paperback |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/INDIANS_MUST_KNOW/qF2mDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT71&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book |last1=Ponvannan |first1=Gayathri |title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women |date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=9789388322010 |pages=272 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/> | The Chowtas had migrated from [[Gujarat]] in probably the 12th century due to Islamic conquests. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance ([[Aliyasantana]]).<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women">{{cite book |last1=Ponvannan |first1=Gayathri |title=Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women |date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=9789388322010 |pages=272 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Unstoppable/ZvJ_DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Chowta+dynasty%22&pg=PT24&printsec=frontcover |access-date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/> | ||
They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige. | They initially ruled from their capital at [[Ullal]], which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade<ref name="Gayathri Ponvannan- Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women"/><ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160{{snd}}1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179{{snd}}1219), moved it inland to the city of [[Puthige, Dakshina Kannada|Puthige]].The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at [[Ullal]], under the renowned Queen [[Abbakka Chowta]],<ref name="Shrinivas Hinge- Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud"/> and another at Puttige. | ||
===Decline=== | ===Decline=== | ||
The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan|work=January 2002|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref> | The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and {{circa}} 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to [[Moodabidri]]. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]] with whom they signed treaties and also had to give up most of their territory. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of [[South Canara]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]] the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the ''Chowtara Aramane'' (Chowta Palace) of [[Moodabidri]], which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).<ref name=MEA>{{cite web|last=M.K. DHARMA RAJA|title=Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50052002englishjan|work=January 2002|publisher=India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=6 January 2012}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 11:06, 21 February 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (December 2020) |
Chowtas of Moodabidri | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12th century–18th century | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Puthige, Ullal & Moodabidri | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Jainism | ||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||
• Established | 12th century | ||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 18th century | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| Today part of | Karnataka | ||||||||||||
The Chowta dynasty was a Sthanakwasi Jain dynasty that ruled parts of the Tulu Nadu region during the 12th – 18th centuries.[1][2]
History[edit | edit source]
The Chowtas had migrated from Gujarat in probably the 12th century due to Islamic conquests. The succession to the throne was as per the Bunt custom of matrilineal inheritance (Aliyasantana).[3][2] Their kingdom was very small, containing around only 200 villages, but the land was very fertile.[3] They initially ruled from their capital at Ullal, which was a very prosperous city and busy centre of trade[3][2] The first known king of the Dynasty was Tirumalaraya Chowta I (1160 – 1179). His successor, Channaraya Chowta I (reign 1179 – 1219), moved it inland to the city of Puthige.The principality of Chowta split in 1544, with two separate capitals, one at Ullal, under the renowned Queen Abbakka Chowta,[2] and another at Puttige.
Decline[edit | edit source]
The Ullal branch seems to have become extinct and c. 1603, the Chowta moved their capital to Moodabidri. In succeeding years Chowta power had greatly diminished due to invasions by Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan with whom they signed treaties and also had to give up most of their territory. Chandrasekhara Chikkaraya Chowta V was the last Chowta king who had some authority. He reigned from 1783 to 1822. Following the conquest of South Canara by the British the Chowtas lost all their power except that they received a small pension from the then government. Descendants of the chowta rulers still survive and inhabit the Chowtara Aramane (Chowta Palace) of Moodabidri, which is known for its ornate carvings such as the Nava Nari Kunjara (Nine Damsel Elephant).[4]
See also[edit | edit source]
- Abbakka Chowta, the great Chowta queen who fought the Portuguese colonizers of India.
- Alupa dynasty, another dynasty which ruled in Tulu Nadu long before the Chowtas.
- List of Jain empires and dynasties
- Chowta
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 34:XVIII,10; Bhatt, Tuluva:68-78; Mahalingam, Mackenzie MSS:II,491-496; Ramesh, A History of South Kanara:159-160; Stuart, South Canara:257; Sturrock, South Canara:54-56,73,75,83,189
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hinge, Shrinivas (July 31, 2019). Indians Must Know: Let's Be Proud (Paperback ed.). Notion Press. p. 140. ISBN 9781645872962. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ponvannan, Gayathri (January 15, 2019). Unstoppable: 75 Stories of Trailblazing Indian Women. Hachette India. p. 272. ISBN 9789388322010. Retrieved December 27, 2020.
- ↑ M.K. DHARMA RAJA. "Enchanting Woodcraft of a Medieval Palace in Karnataka". January 2002. India Perspectives, Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
External links[edit | edit source]
- Shona Adhikari (November 12, 2019). "Rani Abbakka Chowta was India's first woman freedom fighter". Asian Age. Retrieved December 1, 2020.