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{{Short description|Epic poetry in Meitei literature}} | {{Short description|Epic poetry in Meitei literature}} | ||
{{ | {{Expand Manipuri}} | ||
{{ | {{Unreliable sources|date=November 2021}} | ||
{{Infobox book | {{Infobox book | ||
|name=Khamba Thoibi | |name=Khamba Thoibi | ||
|author= | |author=Hijam Anganghal | ||
|country=[[Manipur]] | |country=[[Manipur (princely state)]] | ||
|subject=[[Meitei literature]] | |subject=[[Meitei literature]] | ||
|title_orig=ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ | |title_orig=ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ | ||
|pub_date=1940 | |pub_date=1940 | ||
|language=[[Meitei language]] | |translator=Dr. Jodhachandra Sanasam and Vimal Raina | ||
|language=[[Meitei language]] | |||
|genre=Epic poetry | |genre=Epic poetry | ||
|notes=The | |notes=The epic saga is based on the love story of [[Khuman Salai]] Orphan Prince Khamba and [[Moirang]] Princess Thoibi}} | ||
'''"Khamba Thoibi" ({{lang-mni|ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ}})''' is a legendary [[Meitei language]] [[epic poem]] based on the 12th century love saga between Khuman prince Khamba and Moirang princess Thoibi in the ancient kingdom of [[Moirang]].<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Khamba_Thoibi_and_Poems_on_Manipur_Book_Review_By_James_Oinam|title=Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur Book Review By James Oinam|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref> The poetry is composed by the legendary Bard ''' ''Hijam Anganghal'' ''' of [[Samurou]] and is regarded as the national epic of the [[Meitei people|Manipuri]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&q=khamba%E2%84%8520thoibi&pg=PA258|title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems|first=K. M.|last=George|date=November 10, 1992|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788172013240|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=Snipp12.15.151205.dec05|title=Anganghal's Khamba -Thoibi re-released : 15th dec05 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466278|title=Khamba Thoibi Seireng Ahumsuba Saruk|first=Hijam Anganghal|last=Singh|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The poetry is the greatest of all the epic poetries in [[Meitei literature]], with 34,000 [[Verse (poetry)|verses]], even longer than the [[Ramayana]]. | |||
The epic saga is one of the major elements of the ancient body of chronicles | The epic saga is one of the major elements of the ancient body of chronicles "Moirang Shayon" (Moirang incarnations) as well as "Moirang Kangleirol" (ancient Moirang legends), the two great cultural resources of [[Manipur]]. | ||
There's also a folk dance of [[Art and culture of Manipur|Meitei culture]], under the same title ''"Khamba Thoibi"'', believed to be first performed by Khamba and Thoibi, in the [[Ibudhou Thangjing Temple]], the shrine of Lord [[Eputhou Thangjing]] of ancient [[Moirang]].<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/surjakanta/8248320669/|title=Khamba Thoibi Dance|date=November 22, 2012|via=Flickr}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indianfolkdances.com/khamba-thoibi-folk-dance-of-manipur.html|title=khamba Thoibi Folk Dance of Manipur|website=www.indianfolkdances.com}}</ref> | |||
== Textual history== | |||
{{Main|Moirang}} | |||
The Khamba Thoibi Sheireng is composed by [[poet]] Hijam Anganghal of [[Samurou]].<ref name="auto"/> Before the creation of the epic poem, the story was told in the form of [[folk song]]s as well as oral [[folklore]] in the ancient kingdom of [[Moirang]] only.<ref name="auto5">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460207|title=Khamba Thoibi And Poems On Manipur|first=Vimala|last=Raina|date=January 18, 1963|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=reviews.books.Khamba_Thoibi_and_Poems_on_Manipur_Book_Review_By_James_Oinam|title=Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur Book Review By James Oinam|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> However, after Anganghal's contribution of the poetry to [[Meitei literature]], the tale was popularized through the state of [[Manipur]]. | |||
The Khamba Thoibi Sheireng is composed by [[Hijam Anganghal]].<ref | |||
==Synopsis== | ==Synopsis== | ||
{{See|Meitei literature}} | {{See|Meitei literature}} | ||
Khamba was a [[terrae filius]], brought up by his elder sister Khamnu, who spared no pains for his safety and well-being. By the time he became a youth, he wanted to be of some help to his sister and came out in search of work. On the day he first moved out of his house, he happened to enter the residence of Chingkhu Nahaa Telheiba, the King's younger brother with its imposing house and spacious premises and there for the first time saw Thoibi, the only daughter of the prince, plying her needle in embroidery. The moment she saw Khamba, handsome and shapely in physique, she gave her heart away to him. But on the part of | Khamba was a [[terrae filius]], brought up by his elder sister Khamnu, who spared no pains for his safety and well-being. By the time he became a youth, he wanted to be of some help to his sister and came out in search of work. On the day he first moved out of his house, he happened to enter the residence of Chingkhu Nahaa Telheiba, the King's younger brother with its imposing house and spacious premises and there for the first time saw Thoibi, the only daughter of the prince, plying her needle in embroidery. The moment she saw Khamba, handsome and shapely in physique, she gave her heart away to him. But on the part of Khamba, at first he could not harbor such sentiments as he was conscious of his humble origin.<ref name="auto5"/> | ||
Another man, Nongban, worked as a foil to Khamba. For a long time, there was no one in [[Moirang]] to beat him in [[racing|race]], [[wrestling]] and [[hockey]], but with the appearance of Khamba, he is defeated and deprived of this honor. At first, Chingkhu Nahaa Telheiba took kindly to Khamba, and despite his offer to maintain the young man in his family, the latter insisted on singing for his supper which he did by tending the stall-fed fierce bull of the prince. As everybody was curious of Khamba's physical prowess, his sister then kept him in hiding for a while. Thoibi is heart-brokened and pines after him. From the grace of Lord [[Eputhou Thangjing]], the two meet again on the [[Loktak lake]]. Their love is steady until the recalcitrant behavior and overzealous stance of Thoibi provokes her father to come in the way of the lovers in league with Nongban.<ref name="auto5"/> | |||
Khamba's gradual rise in popularity | Khamba's gradual rise in popularity amongst the people, winning of the King's favour with the recognition of his identity on account of his superhuman feats in sports and capturing a wild bull singlehanded further enraged Chingkhuba. A murder attempt was made on his life and subsequently Thoibi was sent to exile. However, this act could not, in the least, crush the heart of the lover. Thoibi, on her being called back from disgrace, had the opportune moment of joining with her love. Before the actual marriage took place and in a trial of fate, Nongban fell prey to a tiger which Khamba could overcome.<ref name="auto5"/> | ||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
The epic contains 15 Pandups | {{See|Meitei literature}} | ||
The epic contains 15 [[Chapter (books)|chapters]] (Pandups) as well as 81 sections (Tangkaks). It consists of approximately thirty four thousand [[Line (poetry)|lines]]. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Pandups | !Pandups | ||
| Line 85: | Line 83: | ||
|1 | |1 | ||
|} | |} | ||
===1st Pandup=== | ===1st Pandup=== | ||
In the 1st Pandup, there are two tangkaks. | In the 1st Pandup, there are two tangkaks. | ||
| Line 97: | Line 96: | ||
|Khamba amuk lotkhiba | |Khamba amuk lotkhiba | ||
|} | |} | ||
===2nd, 3rd and 4th Pandups=== | ===2nd, 3rd and 4th Pandups=== | ||
* The 2nd Pandup has only one tangkak named ''' ''Kaang Saanaba'' '''. | * The 2nd Pandup has only one tangkak named ''' ''Kaang Saanaba'' '''. | ||
* The 3rd Pandup has only one tangkak named ''' ''Een Chingba'' '''. | * The 3rd Pandup has only one tangkak named ''' ''Een Chingba'' '''. | ||
* The 4th Pandup has two tangkaks, first one is ''' ''Kangjei'' ''' but the second one is unnamed. | * The 4th Pandup has two tangkaks, first one is ''' ''Kangjei'' ''' but the second one is unnamed. | ||
===5th Pandup=== | ===5th Pandup=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 133: | Line 134: | ||
|Jagoi | |Jagoi | ||
|} | |} | ||
===6th to 11th Pandups=== | ===6th to 11th Pandups=== | ||
* The 6th Pandup has four tangkaks, first is ''' ''Lamjel'' ''', while the remaining are unnamed. | * The 6th Pandup has four tangkaks, first is ''' ''Lamjel'' ''', while the remaining are unnamed. | ||
| Line 140: | Line 142: | ||
* The 10th Pandup has a single tangkak, named ''' ''Torbung Sadanba'' '''. | * The 10th Pandup has a single tangkak, named ''' ''Torbung Sadanba'' '''. | ||
* The 11th Pandup has only one tangkak, ''' ''Samukhong'' '''. | * The 11th Pandup has only one tangkak, ''' ''Samukhong'' '''. | ||
===12th Pandup=== | ===12th Pandup=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 160: | Line 163: | ||
|Chingkhuba bandidagi (cheiraaktagi) thadokpa | |Chingkhuba bandidagi (cheiraaktagi) thadokpa | ||
|} | |} | ||
===13th Pandup=== | ===13th Pandup=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 204: | Line 208: | ||
| _ | | _ | ||
|} | |} | ||
===14th Pandup=== | ===14th Pandup=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 254: | Line 259: | ||
|Konungda hallakpa | |Konungda hallakpa | ||
|} | |} | ||
===15th Pandup=== | ===15th Pandup=== | ||
The 15th Pandup has one tangkak, ''' ''Khamba Thoibi Luhongba'' '''. | The 15th Pandup has one tangkak, ''' ''Khamba Thoibi Luhongba'' '''. | ||
==Translations== | ==Translations== | ||
* | * The first English translation of the synopsis of the ancient Khamba Thoibi folk legends was published in the book ''' ''The Meitheis'' ''', written by T.C. Hodson, in the year 1908.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.158175|title=The Meitheis|date=November 10, 1908|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
* The Khamba Thoibi epic poetry was translated to | * The Khamba Thoibi epic poetry was translated to English language, under the title "Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur" by Vimala Raina, published at the Government Press, Manipur, in the year 1963.<ref name="auto4"/> | ||
* The direct | * The direct English version of the epic poem is translated by Dr. Jodhachandra Sanasam in 2017, for which he received the prestigious Nongthombam Kunjamohan Singh Translation Award 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Manipur_State_Kala_Akademi_Award_2011_Winners.Jodhachandra_Sanasam_Sahityabhusan_2017|title=Jodhachandra Sanasam Sahityabhusan 2017|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> | ||
* The epic "Khamba Thoibi" is translated into | * The epic "Khamba Thoibi" is translated into Hindi language, by Sri Loitongbam Kalachand, which is published in the "E Pustakalaya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epustakalay.com/book/27122-khamba-thoibi/|title=खम्ब - थोइबी | Hindi Book | Khamba Thoibi - ePustakalay|website=epustakalay.com}}</ref> | ||
== Dance form== | |||
[[File:Lai haraoba manipur.JPG|thumb|Khamba Thoibi Jagoi or Thougal Jagoi]] | |||
Khamba Thoibi Jagoi is a folk dance of [[Moirang]], an ancient kingdom of [[Manipur]]. The dance was believed to be first performed by Khamba, a legendary hero in [[Manipuri mythology]] and his lover Thoibi, the then princess of [[Moirang]] in the premises of the ancient Lord [[Ebudhou Thangjing Temple]].<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto3"/><ref>https://www.aai.aero/en/field-collection/field-city-info/1035</ref> The dance is still performed during the religious festival of [[Lai Haraoba]] in [[Manipur]].{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} | |||
==Public response== | ==Public response== | ||
* There is a cultural and historical museum in Ngangkhalawai village, ''' ''Khamba Thoibi museum'' ''', which houses the traditional items used during the historic period, when Khamba and Thoibi were believed to be born.<ref>http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=1&src=Arts_Dances/Khamba201908_1</ref> | * There is a cultural and historical museum in Ngangkhalawai village, ''' ''Khamba Thoibi museum'' ''', which houses the traditional items used during the historic period, when Khamba and Thoibi were believed to be born.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=1&src=Arts_Dances/Khamba201908_1|title=Khamba Thoibi Museum and Ibudhou Thangjing gi Laishang at Ngakhalawai, Moirang :: August 13 2019 ~ Pictures from Manipur|website=www.e-pao.net}}</ref> | ||
* In the year 2014, a grand symposium was organized in [[Nambol]], [[Manipur]], where there was a grand discussion on the topic ''' ''Khamba Thoibi Seirengda Mityeng Ama'' ''', regarding the epic poetry of great poet Hijam Anganghal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/Gp.asp?src=30..240914.sep14|title=Symposium on Khamba-Thoibi : 24th sep14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=e-pao.net}}</ref> | |||
* In the year 2019, in a mega exhibition held in [[Bhopal]], [[India]], the canvas Manipuri painting titled ''' ''Khambana Kao Phaba'' ''', was shown.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepeopleschronicle.in/daily/english/3892|title=:: Manipur News | Manipur Daily | Poknapham - Manipuri News!|website=www.thepeopleschronicle.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2019/07/24/traditional-manipuri-painting-khambana-kao-phaba-on-display-times-of-india-2/|title=Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display – Times of India – Manipur News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/---khambana-kao-phaba----on-display-at-igrms.html|title='Khambana Kao Phaba' on display at IGRMS|first=The|last=Pioneer|website=The Pioneer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/traditional-manipuri-painting-khambana-kao-phaba-on-display/articleshow/70357154.cms|title=Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://realtime.rediff.com/news/india/Traditional-Manipuri-painting-Khambana-Kao-Phaba-on-display/871d929434cd6023|title=Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display - Rediff Realtime News|website=realtime.rediff.com}}</ref> | |||
* | ==In popular culture== | ||
* | * ''' ''Khamba Khamnu (1995)'' ''', was produced by Chandam Shyamcharan for C.S. Films Imphal Production.<ref name="auto1">http://erang.e-pao.org/Classic/write/Manipuri_Feature_Films_1972_1997.php</ref> | ||
* ''' ''Khamba Thoibi (1997)'' ''', was directed and produced by Moirangthem Nilamani Singh for Anjana Films.<ref name="auto1"/> | |||
* There's a traditional folk song ''' ''Moirang Sai'' ''' (Tales from Moirang Khamba Thoibi) which has been endangered from a very long period of decades. However, recently, the ancient traditional folk music art, which covers 120 hours of performance, was revived by legendary folk singer ''Mangka Mayanglambam'', which attain great public reception.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sevensistersmusic.com/?p=273|title=Mangka sings Moirang Sai with Laihui Ensemble – Byron Aihara – Seven Sisters Music}}</ref> | |||
* In the year 2010, the Laihui ensemble produces a drama, ''' ''Kao The sacred bull'' ''', based on the saga of the orphan prince Khamba and his sister Khamnu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.indiamart.com/proddetail/kao-the-sacred-bull-2010-7000833162.html|title=Kao the sacred bull (2010)|website=IndiaMART}}</ref> | |||
* A Manipuri feature film ''' ''Langon'' ''', highlights the epic saga of the love between Khamba and Thoibi. | |||
* There's an upcoming Manipuri 3D animation feature film under the title ''' ''Khamba Thoibi, the epic'' '''. | |||
== | == See also == | ||
* [[Manipuri dance]] | |||
* [[Numit Kappa]] | |||
* [[Pung cholom]] | |||
* | * [[Thabal chongba]] | ||
* | * [[Lai Haraoba]] | ||
* | * [[Heikru Hidongba]] | ||
* | |||
==Further reading== | |||
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.460207/page/n1/mode/2up|Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur, 1963]] | |||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.465982|Khamba Thoibi Seireng, by Hijam Anganghal Singh, 1986]] | |||
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.466506|Moirang Kangleirol, Khuman Khamba Seitharon, by Laisram Mangi Singh, 1980]] | |||
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.466278/mode/2up|Khamba Thoibi Seireng Ahumsuba Saruk, by Hijam Anganghal]] | |||
* [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.460207/2015.460207.Khamba-Thoibi_djvu.txt Full text of "Khamba Thoibi" and poems of Manipur] | * [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.460207/2015.460207.Khamba-Thoibi_djvu.txt Full text of "Khamba Thoibi" and poems of Manipur] | ||
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.467163|Samukhonggi Bichar, by Hijam Anganghal Singh, 1997]] | |||
* [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2312862W/Hijam_Anganghal_Singh Hijam_Anganghal_Singh, by Elangbam Dinamani] | * [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2312862W/Hijam_Anganghal_Singh Hijam_Anganghal_Singh, by Elangbam Dinamani] | ||
* [[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.158175|Abridged from T. C. Hodson's "The Meitheis", 1908]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 289: | Line 312: | ||
[[Category:Indian literature]] | [[Category:Indian literature]] | ||
[[Category:Meitei culture]] | [[Category:Meitei culture]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:01, 29 June 2022
 |
| Author | Hijam Anganghal |
|---|---|
| Original title | ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ |
| Translator | Dr. Jodhachandra Sanasam and Vimal Raina |
| Country | Manipur (princely state) |
| Language | Meitei language |
| Subject | Meitei literature |
| The epic saga is based on the love story of Khuman Salai Orphan Prince Khamba and Moirang Princess Thoibi | |
"Khamba Thoibi" (Meitei: ꯈꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯢꯕꯤ) is a legendary Meitei language epic poem based on the 12th century love saga between Khuman prince Khamba and Moirang princess Thoibi in the ancient kingdom of Moirang.[1] The poetry is composed by the legendary Bard Hijam Anganghal of Samurou and is regarded as the national epic of the Manipuris.[2][3][4] The poetry is the greatest of all the epic poetries in Meitei literature, with 34,000 verses, even longer than the Ramayana.
The epic saga is one of the major elements of the ancient body of chronicles "Moirang Shayon" (Moirang incarnations) as well as "Moirang Kangleirol" (ancient Moirang legends), the two great cultural resources of Manipur.
There's also a folk dance of Meitei culture, under the same title "Khamba Thoibi", believed to be first performed by Khamba and Thoibi, in the Ibudhou Thangjing Temple, the shrine of Lord Eputhou Thangjing of ancient Moirang.[5][6]
Textual history[edit | edit source]
The Khamba Thoibi Sheireng is composed by poet Hijam Anganghal of Samurou.[3] Before the creation of the epic poem, the story was told in the form of folk songs as well as oral folklore in the ancient kingdom of Moirang only.[7][8] However, after Anganghal's contribution of the poetry to Meitei literature, the tale was popularized through the state of Manipur.
Synopsis[edit | edit source]
Khamba was a terrae filius, brought up by his elder sister Khamnu, who spared no pains for his safety and well-being. By the time he became a youth, he wanted to be of some help to his sister and came out in search of work. On the day he first moved out of his house, he happened to enter the residence of Chingkhu Nahaa Telheiba, the King's younger brother with its imposing house and spacious premises and there for the first time saw Thoibi, the only daughter of the prince, plying her needle in embroidery. The moment she saw Khamba, handsome and shapely in physique, she gave her heart away to him. But on the part of Khamba, at first he could not harbor such sentiments as he was conscious of his humble origin.[7]
Another man, Nongban, worked as a foil to Khamba. For a long time, there was no one in Moirang to beat him in race, wrestling and hockey, but with the appearance of Khamba, he is defeated and deprived of this honor. At first, Chingkhu Nahaa Telheiba took kindly to Khamba, and despite his offer to maintain the young man in his family, the latter insisted on singing for his supper which he did by tending the stall-fed fierce bull of the prince. As everybody was curious of Khamba's physical prowess, his sister then kept him in hiding for a while. Thoibi is heart-brokened and pines after him. From the grace of Lord Eputhou Thangjing, the two meet again on the Loktak lake. Their love is steady until the recalcitrant behavior and overzealous stance of Thoibi provokes her father to come in the way of the lovers in league with Nongban.[7]
Khamba's gradual rise in popularity amongst the people, winning of the King's favour with the recognition of his identity on account of his superhuman feats in sports and capturing a wild bull singlehanded further enraged Chingkhuba. A murder attempt was made on his life and subsequently Thoibi was sent to exile. However, this act could not, in the least, crush the heart of the lover. Thoibi, on her being called back from disgrace, had the opportune moment of joining with her love. Before the actual marriage took place and in a trial of fate, Nongban fell prey to a tiger which Khamba could overcome.[7]
Structure[edit | edit source]
The epic contains 15 chapters (Pandups) as well as 81 sections (Tangkaks). It consists of approximately thirty four thousand lines.
| Pandups | Number of Tangkaks |
|---|---|
| 1st Pandup | 2 |
| 2nd Pandup | 1 |
| 3rd Pandup | 1 |
| 4th Pandup | 2 |
| 5th Pandup | 9 |
| 6th Pandup | 4 |
| 7th Pandup | 15 |
| 8th Pandup | 2 |
| 9th Pandup | 3 |
| 10th Pandup | 1 |
| 11th Pandup | 1 |
| 12th Pandup | 5 |
| 13th Pandup | 13 |
| 14th Pandup | 21 |
| 15th Pandup | 1 |
1st Pandup[edit | edit source]
In the 1st Pandup, there are two tangkaks.
| Tangkaks | Names of the tangkaks |
|---|---|
| 1st tangkak | San Senba |
| 2nd tangkak | Khamba amuk lotkhiba |
2nd, 3rd and 4th Pandups[edit | edit source]
- The 2nd Pandup has only one tangkak named Kaang Saanaba .
- The 3rd Pandup has only one tangkak named Een Chingba .
- The 4th Pandup has two tangkaks, first one is Kangjei but the second one is unnamed.
5th Pandup[edit | edit source]
| tangkaks | Names of the tangkaks |
|---|---|
| 1st tangkak | Lei Hekpa |
| 2nd tangkak | _ |
| 3rd tangkak | _ |
| 4th tangkak | Phee waiba |
| 5th tangkak | Lei Laangba |
| 6th tangkak | _ |
| 7th tangkak | Leiron |
| 8th tangkak | Lei yenba |
| 9th tangkak | Jagoi |
6th to 11th Pandups[edit | edit source]
- The 6th Pandup has four tangkaks, first is Lamjel , while the remaining are unnamed.
- The 7th Pandup has fifteen tangkaks, with the first one being Kau , while the rest being unnamed.
- The 8th Pandup has two tangkaks, first being Ukai , but the second is unnamed.
- The 9th Pandup has three tangkaks, the first is Heijing , but the rest are unnamed.
- The 10th Pandup has a single tangkak, named Torbung Sadanba .
- The 11th Pandup has only one tangkak, Samukhong .
12th Pandup[edit | edit source]
| tangkaks | Names of the tangkaks |
|---|---|
| 1st tangkak | Samukhong gi Bichaar (Waarep) |
| 2nd tangkak | _ |
| 3rd tangkak | _ |
| 4th tangkak | Samukhong gi Sokpadagi Khamba Naaba |
| 5th tangkak | Chingkhuba bandidagi (cheiraaktagi) thadokpa |
13th Pandup[edit | edit source]
| tangkaks | Names of the tangkaks |
|---|---|
| 1st tangkak | Loithaaba |
| 2nd tangkak | _ |
| 3rd tangkak | _ |
| 4th tangkak | Thoibina Kabawda laakpa |
| 5th tangkak | Kabawda thungba |
| 6th tangkak | Kang Sanaba |
| 7th tangkak | Sing Chanba |
| 8th tangkak | Long Khonba |
| 9th tangkak | Phee Saaba Taanaba |
| 10th tangkak | Khamba na Kabawda Koiba |
| 11th tangkak | Khamba na Kabawda Koiba gi Waathok amadi Bichaar (Waarep) |
| 12th tangkak | _ |
| 13th tangkak | _ |
14th Pandup[edit | edit source]
| tangkaks | Names of the tangkaks |
|---|---|
| 1st tangkak | Loi Kaaba |
| 2nd tangkak- 7th tangkak | _ |
| 8th tangkak | Kangla Bichaar (Waarep) |
| 9th and 10th tangkak | _ |
| 11th tangkak | Thoibi na Taa Waiba Laakpa |
| 12th tangkak | Khamba na Thonglen gida taa Waiba Laakpa |
| 13th tangkak | Khamba Nongban anina kei phaaba Kummakpa |
| 14th tangkak | Khamba Nongban anina pannung changba |
| 15th tangkak | Ani Khatnaduna pannung dagi thorakpa |
| 16th tangkak | Akonba pannung changba |
| 17th tangkak | Khamba na Nongban poduna pannung dagi thorakpa |
| 18th tangkak | Pannung mei Thaarakpa Khamba amuk changlakpa |
| 19th tangkak | Phubala gi keibao purakpa hanuba |
| 20th tangkak | Keigi manaa piba |
| 21st tangkak | Konungda hallakpa |
15th Pandup[edit | edit source]
The 15th Pandup has one tangkak, Khamba Thoibi Luhongba .
Translations[edit | edit source]
- The first English translation of the synopsis of the ancient Khamba Thoibi folk legends was published in the book The Meitheis , written by T.C. Hodson, in the year 1908.[9]
- The Khamba Thoibi epic poetry was translated to English language, under the title "Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur" by Vimala Raina, published at the Government Press, Manipur, in the year 1963.[1]
- The direct English version of the epic poem is translated by Dr. Jodhachandra Sanasam in 2017, for which he received the prestigious Nongthombam Kunjamohan Singh Translation Award 2017.[10]
- The epic "Khamba Thoibi" is translated into Hindi language, by Sri Loitongbam Kalachand, which is published in the "E Pustakalaya".[11]
Dance form[edit | edit source]
Khamba Thoibi Jagoi is a folk dance of Moirang, an ancient kingdom of Manipur. The dance was believed to be first performed by Khamba, a legendary hero in Manipuri mythology and his lover Thoibi, the then princess of Moirang in the premises of the ancient Lord Ebudhou Thangjing Temple.[5][6][12] The dance is still performed during the religious festival of Lai Haraoba in Manipur.[citation needed]
Public response[edit | edit source]
- There is a cultural and historical museum in Ngangkhalawai village, Khamba Thoibi museum , which houses the traditional items used during the historic period, when Khamba and Thoibi were believed to be born.[13]
- In the year 2014, a grand symposium was organized in Nambol, Manipur, where there was a grand discussion on the topic Khamba Thoibi Seirengda Mityeng Ama , regarding the epic poetry of great poet Hijam Anganghal.[14]
- In the year 2019, in a mega exhibition held in Bhopal, India, the canvas Manipuri painting titled Khambana Kao Phaba , was shown.[15][16][17][18][19]
In popular culture[edit | edit source]
- Khamba Khamnu (1995) , was produced by Chandam Shyamcharan for C.S. Films Imphal Production.[20]
- Khamba Thoibi (1997) , was directed and produced by Moirangthem Nilamani Singh for Anjana Films.[20]
- There's a traditional folk song Moirang Sai (Tales from Moirang Khamba Thoibi) which has been endangered from a very long period of decades. However, recently, the ancient traditional folk music art, which covers 120 hours of performance, was revived by legendary folk singer Mangka Mayanglambam, which attain great public reception.[21]
- In the year 2010, the Laihui ensemble produces a drama, Kao The sacred bull , based on the saga of the orphan prince Khamba and his sister Khamnu.[22]
- A Manipuri feature film Langon , highlights the epic saga of the love between Khamba and Thoibi.
- There's an upcoming Manipuri 3D animation feature film under the title Khamba Thoibi, the epic .
See also[edit | edit source]
Further reading[edit | edit source]
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Khamba Thoibi Seireng, by Hijam Anganghal Singh, 1986
- Moirang Kangleirol, Khuman Khamba Seitharon, by Laisram Mangi Singh, 1980
- Khamba Thoibi Seireng Ahumsuba Saruk, by Hijam Anganghal
- Full text of "Khamba Thoibi" and poems of Manipur
- Samukhonggi Bichar, by Hijam Anganghal Singh, 1997
- Hijam_Anganghal_Singh, by Elangbam Dinamani
- Abridged from T. C. Hodson's "The Meitheis", 1908
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur Book Review By James Oinam". www.e-pao.net.
- ↑ George, K. M. (November 10, 1992). Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 9788172013240 – via Google Books.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Anganghal's Khamba -Thoibi re-released : 15th dec05 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". www.e-pao.net.
- ↑ Singh, Hijam Anganghal. "Khamba Thoibi Seireng Ahumsuba Saruk" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Khamba Thoibi Dance". November 22, 2012 – via Flickr.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "khamba Thoibi Folk Dance of Manipur". www.indianfolkdances.com.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Raina, Vimala (January 18, 1963). "Khamba Thoibi And Poems On Manipur" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Khamba Thoibi and Poems on Manipur Book Review By James Oinam". e-pao.net.
- ↑ "The Meitheis". November 10, 1908 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Jodhachandra Sanasam Sahityabhusan 2017". e-pao.net.
- ↑ "खम्ब - थोइबी | Hindi Book | Khamba Thoibi - ePustakalay". epustakalay.com.
- ↑ https://www.aai.aero/en/field-collection/field-city-info/1035
- ↑ "Khamba Thoibi Museum and Ibudhou Thangjing gi Laishang at Ngakhalawai, Moirang :: August 13 2019 ~ Pictures from Manipur". www.e-pao.net.
- ↑ "Symposium on Khamba-Thoibi : 24th sep14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
- ↑ ":: Manipur News | Manipur Daily | Poknapham - Manipuri News!". www.thepeopleschronicle.in.
- ↑ "Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display – Times of India – Manipur News".
- ↑ Pioneer, The. "'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display at IGRMS". The Pioneer.
- ↑ "Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display - Times of India". The Times of India.
- ↑ "Traditional Manipuri painting 'Khambana Kao Phaba' on display - Rediff Realtime News". realtime.rediff.com.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 http://erang.e-pao.org/Classic/write/Manipuri_Feature_Films_1972_1997.php
- ↑ "Mangka sings Moirang Sai with Laihui Ensemble – Byron Aihara – Seven Sisters Music".
- ↑ "Kao the sacred bull (2010)". IndiaMART.