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{{Short description|Senior military rank}} | |||
'''Junior Commissioned Officer''' ('''JCO''') is a term used for a group of military personnel which is higher than [[Havildar|havildars]] and lower than [[Lieutenant|lieutenants]]; this term is only used by Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.<ref name="Gazetted Officers">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/junior-commissioned-officers-are-gazetted-officers-says-army-1770438|title=Junior Commissioned Officers Are Gazetted Officers, Says Army|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref> Senior [[Havildar|havildars]] are promoted to JCO rank on the basis of merit and seniority, restricted by the number of vacancies.<ref name="Kumar"/> JCOs are treated as a separate class and hold many privileges. With good pay and privileges, it is an ambition of most enlisted men to attain such rank. Primarily the term was associated with armies but since 2000s India and Pakistan's navies and forces are using the term to indicate their [[Chief Petty Officer]]s and [[Warrant Officer]]s. The [[British Indian Army]] recruited [[Gurkha]] soldiers from Nepal since the 19th century and separate Gurkha Regiments were created for them, the Gurkha soldiers got same ranks as other Indian soldiers; the modern [[Nepal Army]] officially made the Indian Army rank system for their soldiers in 1960s through a series of reorganizations and the 'JCO' term is being used by them from then.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/page/history|title=History - Nepali Army नेपाली सेना|website=www.nepalarmy.mil.np}}</ref> After the secession of [[East Pakistan]] in 1971 the [[Bangladesh Army]] inherited the 'JCO' rank system from [[Pakistan Army]] though since early 2000s the army uses the [[Warrant Officer]] terms. | '''Junior Commissioned Officer''' ('''JCO''') is a term used for a group of military personnel which is higher than [[Havildar|havildars]] and lower than [[Lieutenant|lieutenants]]; this term is only used by Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.<ref name="Gazetted Officers">{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/junior-commissioned-officers-are-gazetted-officers-says-army-1770438|title=Junior Commissioned Officers Are Gazetted Officers, Says Army|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref> Senior [[Havildar|havildars]] are promoted to JCO rank on the basis of merit and seniority, restricted by the number of vacancies.<ref name="Kumar"/> JCOs are treated as a separate class and hold many privileges. With good pay and privileges, it is an ambition of most enlisted men to attain such rank. Primarily the term was associated with armies but since 2000s India and Pakistan's navies and forces are using the term to indicate their [[Chief Petty Officer]]s and [[Warrant Officer]]s. The [[British Indian Army]] recruited [[Gurkha]] soldiers from Nepal since the 19th century and separate Gurkha Regiments were created for them, the Gurkha soldiers got same ranks as other Indian soldiers; the modern [[Nepal Army]] officially made the Indian Army rank system for their soldiers in 1960s through a series of reorganizations and the 'JCO' term is being used by them from then.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nepalarmy.mil.np/page/history|title=History - Nepali Army नेपाली सेना|website=www.nepalarmy.mil.np}}</ref> After the secession of [[East Pakistan]] in 1971 the [[Bangladesh Army]] inherited the 'JCO' rank system from [[Pakistan Army]] though since early 2000s the army uses the [[Warrant Officer]] terms. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
In the [[British Indian Army]] during the [[British Raj]], JCOs were known as [[Viceroy's Commissioned Officer]]s (VCOs) except in [[Nepal]], which was never a British colony. Under the British, there was a clear colonial context, with the VCOs being the highest ranks that an Indian could attain while the full commissioned officers were British. However, by the time of independence in 1947, there were many Indian ( and Pakistani) officers who had graduated from the | In the [[British Indian Army]] during the [[British Raj]], JCOs were known as [[Viceroy's Commissioned Officer]]s (VCOs) except in [[Nepal]], which was never a British colony. Under the British, there was a clear colonial context, with the VCOs being the highest ranks that an Indian could attain while the full commissioned officers were British. However, by the time of independence in 1947, there were many Indian (and Pakistani) officers who had graduated from the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]] or the [[Indian Military Academy]]. | ||
==Army== | ==Army== | ||