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The [[ghazal]] tradition of [[Urdu poetry]] was the basis for early [[Bollywood music]], ever since the first Indian [[talkie]] film, ''[[Alam Ara]]'' (1931). In turn, [[filmi]] ghazals had roots in earlier Urdu [[Parsi theatre]] during the 19th to early 20th centuries. The ghazal was the dominant style of [[Indian film]] music since the 1930s up until the 1960s. By the 1980s, however, ghazals had become marginalized in film music. Reasons for the decline include Urdu ghazal poetry being gradually phased out from the [[Indian education]] system, lyricists targeting urban middle-class audiences, and the influence of Western and [[Latin American music]].<ref name="Kabir">{{cite book |last1=Kabir |first1=Nasreen Munni |last2=Akhtar |first2=Javed |author2-link=Javed Akhtar |title=Talking Films and Songs: Javed Akhtar in conversation with Nasreen Munni Kabir |date=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-909177-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S59MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT114}}</ref> | The [[ghazal]] tradition of [[Urdu poetry]] was the basis for early [[Bollywood music]], ever since the first Indian [[talkie]] film, ''[[Alam Ara]]'' (1931). In turn, [[filmi]] ghazals had roots in earlier Urdu [[Parsi theatre]] during the 19th to early 20th centuries. The ghazal was the dominant style of [[Indian film]] music since the 1930s up until the 1960s. By the 1980s, however, ghazals had become marginalized in film music. Reasons for the decline include Urdu ghazal poetry being gradually phased out from the [[Indian education]] system, lyricists targeting urban middle-class audiences, and the influence of Western and [[Latin American music]].<ref name="Kabir">{{cite book |last1=Kabir |first1=Nasreen Munni |last2=Akhtar |first2=Javed |author2-link=Javed Akhtar |title=Talking Films and Songs: Javed Akhtar in conversation with Nasreen Munni Kabir |date=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-909177-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S59MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT114}}</ref> | ||
Music directors like [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]] composed notable filmi-ghazals extensively for [[Muslim social]]s in the 1960s and the 1970s.<ref name="Anantharaman2008">{{cite book|last=Anantharaman|first=Ganesh|title=Bollywood Melodies: A History of the Hindi Film Song|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmrSLuBwbKkC&pg=PA9|date=January 2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306340-7|pages=9}}</ref> | Music directors like [[Madan Mohan (music director)| Madan Mohan]] composed notable filmi-ghazals extensively for [[Muslim social]]s in the 1960s and the 1970s.<ref name="Anantharaman2008">{{cite book|last=Anantharaman|first=Ganesh|title=Bollywood Melodies: A History of the Hindi Film Song|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmrSLuBwbKkC&pg=PA9|date=January 2008|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-306340-7|pages=9}}</ref> | ||
The filmi-ghazal style experienced a revival in the early 1990s, sparked by the success of [[Nadeem–Shravan]]'s ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990). It had a big impact on Bollywood music, ushering in ghazal-type romantic music that dominated the early 1990s, with soundtracks such as ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' (1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]'' (1991) and ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' (1992).<ref name="ghazal">{{cite journal |title=India Today |journal=[[India Today]] |date=1994 |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmkpAQAAIAAJ |publisher=[[Living Media]] |quote=In 1990, the super-success of Nadeem-Shravan's ''Aashiqui'' ushered in the era of ghazal-type romantic music as in ''Saajan'', ''Dil'', ''Phool aur Kaante'', ''Deewana''.}}</ref> However, the filmi ghazal style was once again marginalized by the early 21st century, as filmi songs became faster-paced along with greater Western and Latin influences. However, there have been a number of well-received filmi ghazal songs composed into the 2010s.<ref name="Kabir"/> A popular ghazal song from ''Aashiqui'' was "[[Dheere Dheere]]", a [[cover version]] of which was later recorded by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] and released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] in 2015. | The filmi-ghazal style experienced a revival in the early 1990s, sparked by the success of [[Nadeem–Shravan]]'s ''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990). It had a big impact on Bollywood music, ushering in ghazal-type romantic music that dominated the early 1990s, with soundtracks such as ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' (1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Phool Aur Kaante]]'' (1991) and ''[[Deewana (1992 film)|Deewana]]'' (1992).<ref name="ghazal">{{cite journal |title=India Today |journal=[[India Today]] |date=1994 |page=342 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TmkpAQAAIAAJ |publisher=[[Living Media]] |quote=In 1990, the super-success of Nadeem-Shravan's ''Aashiqui'' ushered in the era of ghazal-type romantic music as in ''Saajan'', ''Dil'', ''Phool aur Kaante'', ''Deewana''.}}</ref> However, the filmi ghazal style was once again marginalized by the early 21st century, as filmi songs became faster-paced along with greater Western and Latin influences. However, there have been a number of well-received filmi ghazal songs composed into the 2010s.<ref name="Kabir"/> A popular ghazal song from ''Aashiqui'' was "[[Dheere Dheere]]", a [[cover version]] of which was later recorded by [[Yo Yo Honey Singh]] and released by [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]] in 2015. | ||
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[[Category:Cinema of India]] | [[Category:Cinema of India]] | ||
[[Category:Ghazal]] | [[Category:Ghazal]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Hindi cinema]] | ||
[[Category:Indian music history]] | [[Category:Indian music history]] | ||
[[Category:Hindi film songs]] | [[Category:Hindi film songs]] | ||
{{India-music-stub}} | {{India-music-stub}} | ||
{{film-term-stub}} | {{film-term-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:49, 27 March 2022
 | This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. (March 2015) |
The filmi-ghazal is a genre of filmi music based on ghazal poetry in Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu), used in Indian films, especially the music of Bollywood (Hindi cinema). The filmi-ghazals retain the couplet format and rhyme scheme similar to that in ghazals. However, instead of vocal or instrumental passages as interludes, the filmi-ghazal usually uses precomposed musical pieces.[1][2]
History[edit]
The ghazal tradition of Urdu poetry was the basis for early Bollywood music, ever since the first Indian talkie film, Alam Ara (1931). In turn, filmi ghazals had roots in earlier Urdu Parsi theatre during the 19th to early 20th centuries. The ghazal was the dominant style of Indian film music since the 1930s up until the 1960s. By the 1980s, however, ghazals had become marginalized in film music. Reasons for the decline include Urdu ghazal poetry being gradually phased out from the Indian education system, lyricists targeting urban middle-class audiences, and the influence of Western and Latin American music.[3]
Music directors like Madan Mohan composed notable filmi-ghazals extensively for Muslim socials in the 1960s and the 1970s.[4]
The filmi-ghazal style experienced a revival in the early 1990s, sparked by the success of Nadeem–Shravan's Aashiqui (1990). It had a big impact on Bollywood music, ushering in ghazal-type romantic music that dominated the early 1990s, with soundtracks such as Dil (1990), Saajan (1991), Phool Aur Kaante (1991) and Deewana (1992).[5] However, the filmi ghazal style was once again marginalized by the early 21st century, as filmi songs became faster-paced along with greater Western and Latin influences. However, there have been a number of well-received filmi ghazal songs composed into the 2010s.[3] A popular ghazal song from Aashiqui was "Dheere Dheere", a cover version of which was later recorded by Yo Yo Honey Singh and released by T-Series in 2015.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Gregory D. Booth, Bradley Shope (2014). More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music. Oxford University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0199928859. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ↑ Nettl, Bruno; Arnold, Alison (2000). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent. Taylor & Francis. p. 534. ISBN 978-0-8240-4946-1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kabir, Nasreen Munni; Akhtar, Javed (2018). Talking Films and Songs: Javed Akhtar in conversation with Nasreen Munni Kabir. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-909177-5.
- ↑ Anantharaman, Ganesh (January 2008). Bollywood Melodies: A History of the Hindi Film Song. Penguin Books India. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-14-306340-7.
- ↑ "India Today". India Today. Living Media: 342. 1994.
In 1990, the super-success of Nadeem-Shravan's Aashiqui ushered in the era of ghazal-type romantic music as in Saajan, Dil, Phool aur Kaante, Deewana.
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