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Interim East Punjab Assembly: Difference between revisions
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| coa_alt = | | coa_alt = | ||
| house_type = Unicameral | | house_type = Unicameral | ||
| term_length = 1947 | | term_length = {{age in years and days|1947|06|03|1951|06|20}} | ||
| body = | | body = | ||
| houses = | | houses = | ||
| foundation = 3 June 1947 | | foundation = 3 June 1947 | ||
| disbanded = 20 June 1951 | | disbanded = 20 June 1951 | ||
| preceded_by = [[ | | preceded_by = [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)|Punjab Provincial Assembly]] | ||
| succeeded_by = [[ | | succeeded_by = [[First Punjab Legislative Assembly]] | ||
| leader1_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] | | leader1_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] | ||
| leader1 = [[Kapur Singh]] | | leader1 = [[Kapur Singh]] | ||
| party1 = | | party1 = | ||
|election1 = | |election1 = | ||
| leader2_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]] | | leader2_type = [[List of Speakers of the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker]] | ||
| leader2 = | | leader2 = Thakur Panchan Chand<br>(1947-1951) | ||
Thakur Panchan Chand<br> | |||
| party2 = | | party2 = | ||
| election2 = | | election2 = | ||
| leader3_type = | | leader3_type = | ||
| leader3 = | | leader3 = [[Shanno Devi]] <br>(1951) | ||
| party3 = | | party3 = | ||
| election3 = | | election3 = | ||
| leader4_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]] | | leader4_type = [[List of leaders of the house in the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of House]]<br>([[List of chief ministers of Punjab, India|Chief Minister]]) | ||
| | | leader4 =[[Gopi Chand Bhargava]]<br>(1947-1949) | ||
| leader5 =[[Bhim Sen Sachar]] <br>(1949) | |||
| leader6 = Gopi Chand Bhargava <br> (1949-51) | |||
| leader7_type = [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Punjab Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]] | |||
| leader7 = '''Vacant''' {{small|(no [[Official Opposition (India)|official opposition]])}} | |||
| committees1 = | | committees1 = | ||
| committees2 = | | committees2 = | ||
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| voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] | | voting_system1 = [[First-past-the-post voting|first-past-the-post]] | ||
| voting_system2 = | | voting_system2 = | ||
| last_election1 = | | last_election1 = [[1946 Punjab Provincial Assembly election|1946]] | ||
| next_election1 = | | next_election1 = [[1952 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1952]] | ||
| redistricting = | | redistricting = | ||
| session_room = | | session_room = | ||
| Line 54: | Line 48: | ||
| session_alt = | | session_alt = | ||
| meeting_place = | | meeting_place = | ||
| members = '''79''' | | members = '''79''' | ||
| structure1 = | | structure1 = | ||
| structure1_res = | | structure1_res = | ||
| Line 64: | Line 58: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
On 3 June 1947, the assembly, which was elected in [[1946 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1946]] divided into two parts. One was [[West Punjab]] Assembly and other was [[East Punjab]] Assembly. This was done to decide whether or not the [[Punjab Province (British India)|province of Punjab]] should be partitioned. After voting on both sides, the partition was decided. Consequently, the | On 3 June 1947, the assembly, which was elected in [[1946 Punjab Legislative Assembly election|1946]] divided into two parts. One was [[West Punjab]] Assembly and other was [[East Punjab]] Assembly. This was done to decide whether or not the [[Punjab Province (British India)|province of Punjab]] should be partitioned. After voting on both sides, the partition was decided. Consequently, the | ||
existing Punjab | existing [[Punjab Provincial Assembly (British India)|Punjab Provincial Assembly]] was also divided into West Punjab Legislative Assembly and the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. The sitting members belonging to the Western Section subsequently became the members of the new Assembly renamed as the West Punjab Legislative Assembly. | ||
The sitting members belonging to the Eastern Section subsequently became the members of the new Assembly renamed as the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. The members, which were elected in [[1946 Indian provincial elections#Punjab|1946 election]] on the ticket of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] after [[Partition of India|Partition]], all joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. | The sitting members belonging to the Eastern Section subsequently became the members of the new Assembly renamed as the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. The members, which were elected in [[1946 Indian provincial elections#Punjab|1946 election]] on the ticket of [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Unionist Party (Punjab)|Unionist Party]] after [[Partition of India|Partition]], all joined the [[Indian National Congress]]. Initially there were total 48 members but after returning of some members till 1948 who stayed in Pakistan during Partition the total strength increased to 79.<ref name="page28">page xxviii-xxix of ''[http://www.punjabassembly.nic.in/images/docs/compendium_doc.pdf Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium]''. Retrieved on 12 January 2019.</ref> | ||
On 15 August 1947, [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] elected the [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] of [[East Punjab]] by Members of Interim Assembly. | On 15 August 1947, [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] elected the [[List of Chief Ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister]] of [[East Punjab]] by Members of Interim Assembly. | ||
| Line 71: | Line 65: | ||
On the date of 1 November 1947, it was the first-time interim assembly sit. [[Kapur Singh]] was the elected Speaker that day and two days later on 3 November, Thakur Panchan Chand was the elected Deputy speaker. | On the date of 1 November 1947, it was the first-time interim assembly sit. [[Kapur Singh]] was the elected Speaker that day and two days later on 3 November, Thakur Panchan Chand was the elected Deputy speaker. | ||
On | Thakur Panchan Chand resigned from the post of Deputy Speaker on 20 March 1951. On 26 March 1951, Smt. [[Shanno Devi]] was the elected Deputy Speaker. The Interim Assembly was dissolved on 20 June 1951. | ||
==Political Upheavals== | |||
During [[Partition of India|Partition]], congress senior leader [[Bhimsen Sachar]] stayed in [[Pakistan]]. The stalwart leader [[Gopi Chand Bhargava]] elected the leader of Congress legislature party and he became the first Chief Minister. | |||
'''Dethrone Bhargava''' | |||
In 1948, Bhimsen Sachar and Giani Kartar Singh came to India and offered their services to help rehabilitate refugees in India. After his arrival, the tussle between two factions to capture political power increased. Sachar Group, included leaders like Kedar Nath Sehgal, [[Shanno Devi]] and [[Prabodh Chandra]], was able to convince Congress High Command that Bhargava had failed in effectively tacking the refugee problem, maintenance of law and order and had failed to command a majority support in the state legislature.<ref>Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 27</ref> | |||
Ultimately on 6 April 1949, Congress High Command directed Bhargava to seek vote of confidence from Congress Assembly Party. Dr. Bhargava failed to secure the confidence of the house by margin of one vote only. The no-confidence motion was carried by forty votes in favour amd thirty nine against the motion.<ref>Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 27</ref> On same day Sachar was elected leader of the Congress and he took oath of Chief Minister on 13 April. | |||
'''Return of Bhargava''' | |||
After Bhargava removal from the post of Chief Minister, he along with his faction included leaders like [[Swaran Singh]], [[Partap Singh Kairon]], Giani Kartar Singh and [[Prithvi Singh Azad]], submitted a memorandum against Sachar to Congress High Command, which was duly signed by 34 Legislators belonging to Bhargava faction. High Command demanded explanation from Sachar but he failed to reply. On 17 October 1949, on the direction of Central leadership, he resigned from the post and Bhargava took the oath of office on the following day.<ref>Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 30</ref> Kairon switched to Sachar faction as he failed to get a berth in Bhargava's cabinet. This led to factionalism with in the Congress party. | |||
==Dissolution of Assembly== | |||
The tussle between Sachar and Bhargava factions worsened more. Even after securing a vote against no confidence motion by the difference of only five votes; 31 in favour of the no confidence motion and 36 against, while 4 were absent,<ref>The Tribune, 4 April 1951.</ref> Sachar group submitted a memorandum against Gopi Chand Bhargava and blamed for corruption. On this, High Command directed Bhargava to include members of Sachar-Kairon faction into Cabinet but Bhargava refused to do so. On 11 June 1951, Parliamentary Board decided that Bhargava should resign and no other Congress ministry should function in East Punjab till the completion of First General elections. Finally on 16 June Bhargava resigned from the post of Chief Minister and [[List of governors of Punjab, India|Governor of Punjab]] sent a report to [[President of India]] to impose [[President's rule]] in state. Punjab was formally brought under the President's rule on 20 June 1951.<ref>[https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/4067-congress-factionalism-gave-life-article-356 Congress factionalism gave life to article 356.] 9 April 2016, ''Sunday Guardian Live''. Retrieved 18 December 2021.</ref> | |||
==Merger of Akalis in Congress== | |||
After Partition, [[Akali Dal]] and other Independent MLAs joined the Government and in 1948, [[Udham Singh Nagoke]], [[Swaran Singh]], Gyani Kartar Singh and [[Baldev Singh]] dissoleved Assembly Akali Party and merged with Congress. However, [[Tara Singh (activist)|Master Tara Singh]] declared that Akali Dal would continue to be political arm of the [[Sikh]]s. On 20 June 1950, Akali Dal adopted a resolution and directed its MLAs to resign from Congress Party but only one MLA resigned from Congress Legislative Party.<ref>[http://idcindia.org/wp-content/themes/idc/pdf/elections/Electoral_Politics_in%20_Punjab_2021_updated.pdf Electoral politics in Punjab]. (Pdf) P. 36-37. Retrieved 16 December 2021.</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[First Punjab Legislative Assembly]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{Punjab Legislative Assembly|state=expanded}} | |||
[[Category:History of Punjab, India]] | [[Category:History of Punjab, India]] | ||
[[Category:Historical state legislatures in India]] | [[Category:Historical state legislatures in India]] | ||
[[Category:Punjab Legislative Assembly]] | [[Category:Punjab Legislative Assembly]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:00, 15 June 2022
Interim East Punjab Assembly | |
|---|---|
| Interim Assembly | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Founded | 3 June 1947 |
| Disbanded | 20 June 1951 |
| Preceded by | Punjab Provincial Assembly |
| Succeeded by | First Punjab Legislative Assembly |
| Leadership | |
Thakur Panchan Chand (1947-1951) | |
Shanno Devi (1951) | |
Gopi Chand Bhargava (1947-1949) | |
Bhim Sen Sachar (1949) | |
Gopi Chand Bhargava (1949-51) | |
Vacant (no official opposition) | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 79 |
Political groups | Government (79)
|
Length of term | 4 years, 17 days |
| Elections | |
| first-past-the-post | |
Last election | 1946 |
Next election | 1952 |
The Interim East Punjab Assembly was a unicameral governing and law making body of the newly formed Indian state of East Punjab.
History[edit]
On 3 June 1947, the assembly, which was elected in 1946 divided into two parts. One was West Punjab Assembly and other was East Punjab Assembly. This was done to decide whether or not the province of Punjab should be partitioned. After voting on both sides, the partition was decided. Consequently, the existing Punjab Provincial Assembly was also divided into West Punjab Legislative Assembly and the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. The sitting members belonging to the Western Section subsequently became the members of the new Assembly renamed as the West Punjab Legislative Assembly. The sitting members belonging to the Eastern Section subsequently became the members of the new Assembly renamed as the East Punjab Legislative Assembly. The members, which were elected in 1946 election on the ticket of Shiromani Akali Dal and Unionist Party after Partition, all joined the Indian National Congress. Initially there were total 48 members but after returning of some members till 1948 who stayed in Pakistan during Partition the total strength increased to 79.[1]
On 15 August 1947, Gopi Chand Bhargava elected the Chief Minister of East Punjab by Members of Interim Assembly.
On the date of 1 November 1947, it was the first-time interim assembly sit. Kapur Singh was the elected Speaker that day and two days later on 3 November, Thakur Panchan Chand was the elected Deputy speaker.
Thakur Panchan Chand resigned from the post of Deputy Speaker on 20 March 1951. On 26 March 1951, Smt. Shanno Devi was the elected Deputy Speaker. The Interim Assembly was dissolved on 20 June 1951.
Political Upheavals[edit]
During Partition, congress senior leader Bhimsen Sachar stayed in Pakistan. The stalwart leader Gopi Chand Bhargava elected the leader of Congress legislature party and he became the first Chief Minister.
Dethrone Bhargava
In 1948, Bhimsen Sachar and Giani Kartar Singh came to India and offered their services to help rehabilitate refugees in India. After his arrival, the tussle between two factions to capture political power increased. Sachar Group, included leaders like Kedar Nath Sehgal, Shanno Devi and Prabodh Chandra, was able to convince Congress High Command that Bhargava had failed in effectively tacking the refugee problem, maintenance of law and order and had failed to command a majority support in the state legislature.[2]
Ultimately on 6 April 1949, Congress High Command directed Bhargava to seek vote of confidence from Congress Assembly Party. Dr. Bhargava failed to secure the confidence of the house by margin of one vote only. The no-confidence motion was carried by forty votes in favour amd thirty nine against the motion.[3] On same day Sachar was elected leader of the Congress and he took oath of Chief Minister on 13 April.
Return of Bhargava
After Bhargava removal from the post of Chief Minister, he along with his faction included leaders like Swaran Singh, Partap Singh Kairon, Giani Kartar Singh and Prithvi Singh Azad, submitted a memorandum against Sachar to Congress High Command, which was duly signed by 34 Legislators belonging to Bhargava faction. High Command demanded explanation from Sachar but he failed to reply. On 17 October 1949, on the direction of Central leadership, he resigned from the post and Bhargava took the oath of office on the following day.[4] Kairon switched to Sachar faction as he failed to get a berth in Bhargava's cabinet. This led to factionalism with in the Congress party.
Dissolution of Assembly[edit]
The tussle between Sachar and Bhargava factions worsened more. Even after securing a vote against no confidence motion by the difference of only five votes; 31 in favour of the no confidence motion and 36 against, while 4 were absent,[5] Sachar group submitted a memorandum against Gopi Chand Bhargava and blamed for corruption. On this, High Command directed Bhargava to include members of Sachar-Kairon faction into Cabinet but Bhargava refused to do so. On 11 June 1951, Parliamentary Board decided that Bhargava should resign and no other Congress ministry should function in East Punjab till the completion of First General elections. Finally on 16 June Bhargava resigned from the post of Chief Minister and Governor of Punjab sent a report to President of India to impose President's rule in state. Punjab was formally brought under the President's rule on 20 June 1951.[6]
Merger of Akalis in Congress[edit]
After Partition, Akali Dal and other Independent MLAs joined the Government and in 1948, Udham Singh Nagoke, Swaran Singh, Gyani Kartar Singh and Baldev Singh dissoleved Assembly Akali Party and merged with Congress. However, Master Tara Singh declared that Akali Dal would continue to be political arm of the Sikhs. On 20 June 1950, Akali Dal adopted a resolution and directed its MLAs to resign from Congress Party but only one MLA resigned from Congress Legislative Party.[7]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ page xxviii-xxix of Punjab Vidhan Sabha Compendium. Retrieved on 12 January 2019.
- ↑ Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 27
- ↑ Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 27
- ↑ Turmoil in Punjab Politics by S. C. Arora. P. 30
- ↑ The Tribune, 4 April 1951.
- ↑ Congress factionalism gave life to article 356. 9 April 2016, Sunday Guardian Live. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
- ↑ Electoral politics in Punjab. (Pdf) P. 36-37. Retrieved 16 December 2021.