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==History== | ==History== | ||
The | The Kharwa community is distributed throughout the coastal areas of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] and [[Kutch district|Kutch]]. Some Kharwas from Diu also migrated to [[Indians in Mozambique|Mozambique]] and later from there to [[Indians in Portugal|Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Roxo |first=Pedro |date=2018 |title=Hindu ''Jati'' (Castes) from Diu Island and the Reproduction of Religious Expressive Culture in the Hindu-Gujarati Diaspora in Mozambique and in Portugal: The ''Kathiyawadi Bhajan'' |journal=[[South Asian Studies]] |doi=10.1080/02666030.2018.1440061 |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=57–69}}</ref> The [[Maratha Empire]] recruited Kharwas along with [[Bhandari (caste)|Bhandaris]] and [[Koli people|Kolis]] in large numbers for their [[Maratha Navy|navy]] in the mid-1600s. Kharwas were skilled fishermen and seamen who had experience on the seas having traveled to places as far away as Aden, Zanzibar and Singapore. They were also experienced with building ships.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pendse|first=Sachin|title=The Sea in History - The Early Modern World|publisher=[[Boydell and Brewer]]|year=|isbn=9781783271603|editor-last=Buchet|editor-first=Christian|location=|pages=635–48|chapter=Maratha Sea Power|editor-last2=Le Bouëdec|editor-first2=Gérard}}</ref> | ||
== .<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karve|first=I.|date=1943|title=KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY AND KINSHIP USAGES IN GUJARĀT AND KATHIĀWĀD|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929317|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=4|issue=3|pages=208–226|issn=0045-9801}}</ref> | |||
== Religion == | == Religion == | ||
=== Beliefs and practices === | === Beliefs and practices === | ||
Kharwas are [[Hindu]] and worship various forms of [[Devi]], including [[Ambika (goddess)|Ambaji]], [[Bhadrakali]], [[Bahuchara Mata|Bahuchara]] and [[Chamunda]] in Porbandar. Other ''Mātās'' worshiped include ''Samudrī, [[Harsidhhi|Sikotarī]]'' and ''[[Hinglaj Mata mandir|Hinglāj]].'' In Kutch ''Khojī, Dilvadī, Mamai, Padmani, Poravel'' and ''Veravani'' ''Mātās'' are also worshiped. [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Dariyalal]] is another important deity worshipped by Kharwas and other seafaring | Kharwas are [[Hindu]] and worship various forms of [[Devi]], including [[Ambika (goddess)|Ambaji]], [[Bhadrakali]], [[Bahuchara Mata|Bahuchara]] and [[Chamunda]] in Porbandar. Other ''Mātās'' worshiped include ''Samudrī, [[Harsidhhi|Sikotarī]]'' and ''[[Hinglaj Mata mandir|Hinglāj]].'' In Kutch ''Khojī, Dilvadī, Mamai, Padmani, Poravel'' and ''Veravani'' ''Mātās'' are also worshiped. [[Jhulelal (Hinduism)|Dariyalal]] is another important deity worshipped by Kharwas and other seafaring communities. The Kharwas of [[Mandvi]] tend to be [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnavs]], while those of Somnath and Veraval are [[Shaivism|Shaivites]].{{Sfn|Varadarajan|1983|p=5-8}} | ||
=== Festivals === | === Festivals === | ||
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==Present circumstances== | ==Present circumstances== | ||
Importing and exporting goods by ship remains the traditional occupation of the community. They trade in many countries, including Oman, U.A.E, Somalia, and also other parts of Africa. Many Kharwa now have their own ships for exporting goods and have set up different cooperative societies. | Importing and exporting goods by ship remains the traditional occupation of the community. They trade in many countries, including Europe, china, Japan, Oman, U.A.E, Somalia, and also other parts of Africa. Many Kharwa now have their own ships for exporting goods and have set up different cooperative societies. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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=== Sources === | === Sources === | ||
* {{Cite journal|last=Varadarajan|first=Lotika|date=1983|title=Indian Seafaring: The Precept and Reality of Kalivarjya|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41562422|journal=[[Australian Association for Maritime History|The Great Circle]]|volume=5|issue=1|pages= | * {{Cite journal|last=Varadarajan|first=Lotika|date=1983|title=Indian Seafaring: The Precept and Reality of Kalivarjya|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/41562422|journal=[[Australian Association for Maritime History|The Great Circle]]|volume=5|issue=1|pages=1-12|via=JSTOR}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kharwa (Caste)}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Kharwa (Caste)}} | ||
[[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]] | [[Category:Social groups of Gujarat]] | ||
[[Category:Indian castes]] | [[Category:Indian castes]] | ||
Revision as of 21:21, 31 May 2022
Kharwa, or Kharva, (Gujarati: ISO 15919: Khārvā) are a jati from Gujarat, India.[1]
History
The Kharwa community is distributed throughout the coastal areas of Saurashtra and Kutch. Some Kharwas from Diu also migrated to Mozambique and later from there to Lisbon.[2] The Maratha Empire recruited Kharwas along with Bhandaris and Kolis in large numbers for their navy in the mid-1600s. Kharwas were skilled fishermen and seamen who had experience on the seas having traveled to places as far away as Aden, Zanzibar and Singapore. They were also experienced with building ships.[3]
== .[4]
Religion
Beliefs and practices
Kharwas are Hindu and worship various forms of Devi, including Ambaji, Bhadrakali, Bahuchara and Chamunda in Porbandar. Other Mātās worshiped include Samudrī, Sikotarī and Hinglāj. In Kutch Khojī, Dilvadī, Mamai, Padmani, Poravel and Veravani Mātās are also worshiped. Dariyalal is another important deity worshipped by Kharwas and other seafaring communities. The Kharwas of Mandvi tend to be Vaishnavs, while those of Somnath and Veraval are Shaivites.[5]
Festivals
Like other marine communities, Kharwas celebrate the opening of the seafaring season, after the passage of the Monsoon on Narial Purnima which falls on the full moon in the month of Śravaṇ. Various offerings, including flowers, coconuts and incense sticks are offered to the deity of the sea, Samudra. Shravan Purnnima is celebrated with Shiva, Varuna, Marut, Parjanya and Ratnākar are worshiped, with Ganesha to remove any obstacles from their upcoming journeys into the sea. On Bhadravi Amavasya, a fair is held to propitiate Shiva. A lingam is installed along the coast and as the water level rises around it, it is believed that the spirit of Samudra has entered. Another fair is held on the birthday of Dariyalal on the second day of Chaitra, where sweet rice is eaten as prasad. [5]
Present circumstances
Importing and exporting goods by ship remains the traditional occupation of the community. They trade in many countries, including Europe, china, Japan, Oman, U.A.E, Somalia, and also other parts of Africa. Many Kharwa now have their own ships for exporting goods and have set up different cooperative societies.
References
- ↑ People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Two edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 652-657
- ↑ Roxo, Pedro (2018). "Hindu Jati (Castes) from Diu Island and the Reproduction of Religious Expressive Culture in the Hindu-Gujarati Diaspora in Mozambique and in Portugal: The Kathiyawadi Bhajan". South Asian Studies. 34 (1): 57–69. doi:10.1080/02666030.2018.1440061.
- ↑ Pendse, Sachin. "Maratha Sea Power". In Buchet, Christian; Le Bouëdec, Gérard (eds.). The Sea in History - The Early Modern World. Boydell and Brewer. pp. 635–48. ISBN 9781783271603.
- ↑ Karve, I. (1943). "KINSHIP TERMINOLOGY AND KINSHIP USAGES IN GUJARĀT AND KATHIĀWĀD". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 4 (3): 208–226. ISSN 0045-9801.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Varadarajan 1983, p. 5-8.
Sources
- Varadarajan, Lotika (1983). "Indian Seafaring: The Precept and Reality of Kalivarjya". The Great Circle. 5 (1): 1–12 – via JSTOR.