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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}} | |||
{{Short description|Species of fish}} | {{Short description|Species of fish}} | ||
{{Speciesbox | {{Speciesbox | ||
| image = Garra mullya | | image = Garra mullya.jpg | ||
| status = LC | | status = LC | ||
| status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>{{cite iucn | author = Dahanukar, N. | | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 20 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Dahanukar, N. |date=2011 |title=''Garra mullya'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T166590A6242573 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T166590A6242573.en |access-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| taxon = Garra mullya | | taxon = Garra mullya | ||
| display_parents = 3 | | display_parents = 3 | ||
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The '''mullya garra''' (''Garra mullya'') or '''sucker fish''' is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the genus ''[[Garra]]''. It is found in streams and rivers throughout | The '''mullya garra''' (''Garra mullya'') or '''sucker fish''' is a species of [[ray-finned fish]] in the genus ''[[Garra]]''. It is found in streams and rivers throughout India except for [[Assam]] and the [[Himalayas]]. Reports of the species from [[Nepal]] have not been verified.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Himalayas))|first=Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (Eastern|date=28 September 2010|title=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Garra mullya|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/en|access-date=12 February 2021|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species}}</ref> | ||
== Taxonomy == | == Taxonomy == | ||
A 2021 study found ''G. mullya'' to be the [[Sister group|sister species]] to the [[Ceylon logsucker|stone sucker]] (''G. ceylonensis'') from [[Sri Lanka]], with the ancestor of ''G. ceylonensis'' originating in India and colonizing Sri Lanka during the late [[Pliocene]]. The study also found ''G. mullya'' to comprise two genetically distinct [[Parapatric speciation|parapatric]] [[ | A 2021 study found ''G. mullya'' to be the [[Sister group|sister species]] to the [[Ceylon logsucker|stone sucker]] (''G. ceylonensis'') from [[Sri Lanka]], with the ancestor of ''G. ceylonensis'' originating in India and colonizing Sri Lanka during the late [[Pliocene]]. The study also found ''G. mullya'' to comprise two genetically distinct [[Parapatric speciation|parapatric]] [[Clade]]s, which may represent two distinct species.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Sudasinghe|first=Hiranya|last2=Dahanukar|first2=Neelesh|last3=Raghavan|first3=Rajeev|last4=Senavirathna|first4=Tharani|last5=Shewale|first5=Dipeshwari J.|last6=Paingankar|first6=Mandar S.|last7=Amarasinghe|first7=Anjalie|last8=Pethiyagoda|first8=Rohan|last9=Rüber|first9=Lukas|last10=Meegaskumbura|first10=Madhava|title=Island colonization by a ‘rheophilic’ fish: the phylogeography of Garra ceylonensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka|url=https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa221/6132423|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|language=en|doi=10.1093/biolinnean/blaa221|doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
== Distribution == | == Distribution == | ||
The species is found in many [[Drainage basin|river basins]] throughout [[South India|peninsular India]], including the [[Tapti River|Tapti]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], [[Mahanadi]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]], [[Krishna River|Krishna]], and [[Kaveri]] river systems. It is found in mountain streams and lowland rivers, and seems to be rather resistant to [[Water pollution in India|pollution]], as it has been abundantly recorded from polluted rivers such as the [[Bhadra River]] and the [[Mula River (India)|Mula]]-[[Mutha River|Mutha]] rivers.<ref name=":0" /> However, it is apparently sensitive to [[endosulfan]], as a 2011 survey found it to have disappeared from streams around [[Kasaragod]] after endosulfan was sprayed around [[cashew]] plantations.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Roy|date=2011 | The species is found in many [[Drainage basin|river basins]] throughout [[South India|peninsular India]], including the [[Tapti River|Tapti]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], [[Mahanadi]], [[Godavari River|Godavari]], [[Krishna River|Krishna]], and [[Kaveri]] river systems. It is found in mountain streams and lowland rivers, and seems to be rather resistant to [[Water pollution in India|pollution]], as it has been abundantly recorded from polluted rivers such as the [[Bhadra River]] and the [[Mula River (India)|Mula]]-[[Mutha River|Mutha]] rivers.<ref name=":0" /> However, it is apparently sensitive to [[endosulfan]], as a 2011 survey found it to have disappeared from streams around [[Kasaragod]] after endosulfan was sprayed around [[cashew]] plantations.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Roy|date=22 April 2011|title=Endosulfan destroyed biodiversity of Kasaragod villages|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Endosulfan-destroyed-biodiversity-of-Kasaragod-villages/article10693037.ece|access-date=12 February 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It breeds from December to January and migrates upstream for spawning.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Status == | == Status == | ||