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The design of the instrument depends on the school ([[gharana]]) of playing. There are three distinguishable types: | The design of the instrument depends on the school ([[gharana]]) of playing. There are three distinguishable types: | ||
The conventional sarod is a 17 to 25-stringed lute-like | The conventional sarod is a 17 to 25-stringed lute-like instrument—four to five main strings used for playing the melody, one or two drone strings, two ''chikari'' strings and nine to eleven sympathetic strings. The design of this early model is generally credited to Niyamatullah Khan of the Lucknow Gharana as well as Ghulam Ali Khan of the Gwalior-Bangash Gharana. Among the contemporary sarod players, this basic design is kept intact by two streams of sarod playing. Amjad Ali Khan and his disciples play this model, as do the followers of Radhika Mohan Maitra. Both Amjad Ali Khan and Buddhadev Dasgupta have introduced minor changes to their respective instruments which have become the design templates for their followers. Both musicians use sarods made of teak wood, and a soundboard made of [[goat]] skin stretched across the face of the resonator. Buddhadev Dasgupta prefers a polished stainless steel fingerboard for the ease of maintenance while Amjad Ali Khan uses the conventional chrome or nickel-plated cast steel fingerboard. Visually, the two variants are similar, with six pegs in the main pegbox, two rounded chikari pegs and 11 (Amjad) to 15 (Buddhadev) sympathetic strings. The descendants of Niyamatullah Khan (namely Irfan Khan and Ghulfam Khan) also play similar instruments. Some of the followers of Radhika Mohan Maitra still carry the second resonator on their sarods. Amjad Ali Khan and his followers have rejected the resonator altogether. These instruments are typically tuned to B, which is the traditional setting. | ||
Another type is that designed by Allauddin Khan and his brother Ayet Ali Khan. This instrument, referred to by [[David Trasoff]] as the 1934 Maihar Prototype,<ref> | Another type is that designed by Allauddin Khan and his brother Ayet Ali Khan. This instrument, referred to by [[David Trasoff]] as the 1934 Maihar Prototype,<ref>Trasoff, 2000</ref> is larger and longer than the conventional instrument, though the fingerboard is identical to the traditional sarod. This instrument has 25 strings in all. These include four main strings, four ''jod'' strings (tuned to ''Ni'' or ''Dha'', ''R/r'', ''G/g'' and ''Sa'' respectively), two ''chikari'' strings (tuned to ''Sa'' of the upper [[octave]]) and fifteen ''tarab'' strings. The main strings are tuned to ''Ma'' ("fa"), ''Sa'' ("do"), lower ''Pa'' ("so") and lower ''Sa'', giving the instrument a range of three octaves. The Maihar sarod lends itself extremely well to the presentation of alap with the four ''jod'' strings providing a backdrop for the ambiance of the raga. This variant is, however, not conducive to the performance of clean right-hand picking on individual strings. The instrument is typically tuned to C. | ||
Sarod strings are either made of [[steel]] or [[phosphor bronze]]. Most contemporary sarod players use German or American-made strings, such as Roslau (Germany), Pyramid (Germany) and Precision (USA). The strings are plucked with a triangular [[plectrum]] (''java'') made of polished [[coconut]] shell, ebony, cocobolo wood, horn, cowbone, [[Polyoxymethylene|Delrin]] or other such materials. Early sarod players used plain wire plectrums, which yielded a soft, ringing tone. | Sarod strings are either made of [[steel]] or [[phosphor bronze]]. Most contemporary sarod players use German or American-made strings, such as Roslau (Germany), Pyramid (Germany) and Precision (USA). The strings are plucked with a triangular [[plectrum]] (''java'') made of polished [[coconut]] shell, ebony, cocobolo wood, horn, cowbone, [[Polyoxymethylene|Delrin]] or other such materials. Early sarod players used plain wire plectrums, which yielded a soft, ringing tone. | ||
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==Notable sarodiyas== | ==Notable sarodiyas== | ||
=== | ===Deceased=== | ||
* | * [Mohammad Amir Khan] (1873–1934), Court Musician of Darbhanga and Rajshahi | ||
[[File:Ustad Alauddin Khan.jpg|thumb|[[Allauddin Khan]]]] | [[File:Ustad Alauddin Khan.jpg|thumb|[[Allauddin Khan]]]] | ||
* [[Allauddin Khan]] (1862–1972) | * [[Allauddin Khan]] (1862–1972) | ||
* [[Hafiz Ali Khan]] (1888–1972) | * [[Hafiz Ali Khan]] (1888–1972) | ||
* [[Ali Akbar Khan]] (1922–2009) | * [[Ali Akbar Khan]] (1922–2009) | ||
* [[Bahadur Khan]] ( | * [[Bahadur Khan]] (1931–1989) | ||
* [[Buddhadev Das Gupta]] ( | * [[Buddhadev Das Gupta]] (1933–2018) | ||
* [[Kalyan Mukherjea]] (1943–2010) | * [[Kalyan Mukherjea]] (1943–2010) | ||
* [[Sakhawat Hussain]] (1877–1955) | * [[Sakhawat Hussain]] (1877–1955) | ||
* [[Sharan Rani Backliwal]] (1929–2008) | * [[Sharan Rani Backliwal]] (1929–2008) | ||
* [[Radhika Mohan Maitra]] (1917–1981) | * [[Radhika Mohan Maitra]] (1917–1981) | ||
* [[Vasant Rai]] ( | * [[Vasant Rai]] (1942–1985) | ||
* [[ | * [[Shahadat Hossain Khan]] (1958–2020) | ||
===Living=== | ===Living=== | ||
* [[Rajeev Taranath]] (b. 1932) | |||
* [[Aashish Khan]] (b. 1939) | |||
* [[Amjad Ali Khan]] (b. 1945) | * [[Amjad Ali Khan]] (b. 1945) | ||
* [[Brij Narayan]] (b. 1952) | * [[Brij Narayan]] (b. 1952) | ||
* [[ | * [[Narendra Nath Dhar]] (b. 1954) | ||
* [[Biswajit Roy Chowdhury]] (b. 1956) | * [[Biswajit Roy Chowdhury]] (b. 1956) | ||
* [[Tejendra Majumdar]] (b. 1961) | * [[Tejendra Majumdar]] (b. 1961) | ||
* [[Amaan Ali Khan]] (b. 1977) | * [[Amaan Ali Khan]] (b. 1977) | ||
* [[Ayaan Ali Khan]] (b. 1979) | * [[Ayaan Ali Khan]] (b. 1979) | ||
* [[Abhisek Lahiri]] (b. 1983) | * [[Abhisek Lahiri]] (b. 1983) | ||
* [[Abanindra Maitra]] (b.1953) | |||
* [[Vikash Maharaj]] (b. 1957) | * [[Vikash Maharaj]] (b. 1957) | ||
* [[Wajahat Khan]] | * [[Wajahat Khan]] | ||
* [[Arnab Chakrabarty]] | * [[Arnab Chakrabarty]] | ||
* [[Soumik Datta]] | * [[Soumik Datta]] | ||
* [[Vishal Maharaj]] | * [[Abhishek Borkar]] | ||
* [[Debasmita Bhattacharya]] | |||
* [[Debanjan Bhattacharjee]] | |||
* [[Vishal Maharaj]] (b. 1986) | |||
* Rajeeb Chakraborty | |||
* Prattyush Banerjee | |||
* | |||
* | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||