Khizr Khan: Difference between revisions

A contemporary writer [[Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi|Yahya Sirhindi]] mentions in his ''Tarikh-i-Mubarakshahi'' that Khizr Khan belonged to an [[Arab]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Yves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xj83AQAAIAAJ&q=Sayyid+Khizr+Khan+was+a+arab|title=The Glory of the Sultans: Islamic Architecture in India|last2=Degeorge|first2=Gérard|date=2009|publisher=Flammarion|isbn=978-2-08-030110-9|location=Though Timur had since withdrawn his forces , the Sayyid Khizr Khān , the scion of a venerable Arab family who had settled in Multān , continued to pay him tribute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHbiAAAAMAAJ&q=and+rested+chiefly+on+its+causal+recognition+by+the+famous+saint+Sayyid+Jal%C3%A1l|title=The Cambridge History of India|date=1958|publisher=S. Chand|location=The claim of Khizr Khān , who founded the dynasty known as the Sayyids , to descent from the prophet of Arabia was dubious , and rested chiefly on its causal recognition by the famous saint Sayyid Jalāl - ud - dīn of Bukhārā .|language=en}}</ref> family and was a descendant of prophet [[Muhammad]]. However, Yahya Sirhindi based his conclusions on unsubstantial evidence, the first being a casual recognition by the famous saint Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari of Uch Sharif of his Sayyid heritage,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHbiAAAAMAAJ&q=and+rested+chiefly+on+its+causal+recognition+by+the+famous+saint+Sayyid+Jal%C3%A1l|title=The Cambridge History of India|date=1958|publisher=S. Chand|location=The claim of Khizr Khān , who founded the dynasty known as the Sayyids , to descent from the prophet of Arabia was dubious , and rested chiefly on its causal recognition by the famous saint Sayyid Jalāl - ud - dīn of Bukhārā .|language=en}}</ref> and secondly the noble character of the Sultan which distinguished him as a Prophet's descendant.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_History_and_Culture_of_the_Indian_Pe/03lDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=The+Delhi+Sultanate+-+Ramesh+Chandra+Majumdar&dq=The+Delhi+Sultanate+-+Ramesh+Chandra+Majumdar&printsec=frontcover |title= The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi sultanate |author= Ramesh Chandra Majumdar }}</ref> According to Richard Eaton, Khizr Khan belonged to a [[Punjab|Punjabi]] chieftain of [[Multan]].<ref> title= India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765 |author= Richard M. Eaton | isbn=978-0520325128 isbn= 0520325125 |pg 117</ref> Malik Mardan Daulat, the Governor of [[Multan]], adopted Khizr Khan's father, Malik Sulaiman, as his son. Sulaiman succeeded Malik Shaikh, another son of Malik Mardan, to the governorship. After his death, [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] appointed Khizr Khan as governor. But in 1395, he was expelled from Multan by Sarang Khan, brother of Mallu Iqbal Khan. He fled to [[Mewat]] and later joined Timur. It is believed that before his departure, Timur appointed Khizr Khan his viceroy at Delhi although he could only establish his control over Multan, [[Dipalpur]] and parts of [[Sindh]]. Soon he started his campaign and defeated Mallu Iqbal Khan. After defeating Daulat Khan Lodi, he entered [[Delhi]] victoriously on 6 June 1414.<ref name="majumdar">Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.&nbsp;125–8</ref>

After his accession to the throne, Khizr Khan appointed Malik-us-Sharq Tuhfa as his [[Vizier|wazir]] and he was given the title of ''Taj-ul-Mulk'' and he remained in office until 1421. The fief of [[Saharanpur]] was given to Sayyid Salim. Abdur Rahman received the fiefs of Multan and Fatehpur. In 1414, an army led by Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to suppress the rebellion of Har Singh, the Raja of [[Katehar]]. Raja fled to the forests but finally was compelled to surrender and agree to pay tributes in future. In July, 1416 an army led by Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to [[Bayana]] and [[Gwalior]] where it plundered the peasants in the name of realizing the amount equivalent to the tributes to be paid.<ref name="mahajan"/> In 1417, Khizr Khan obtained permission from Shah Rukh to have his own name also suffixed to that of Shah Rukh.<ref name="majumdar"/> In 1418, Har Singh revolted again but was defeated completely by Taj-ul-Mulk.<ref name="mahajan"/>