.svg)
6
edits
Bengal temple architecture: Difference between revisions
m
robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)
>Chandan Guha (→References: Hindu Temples in West Bengal) |
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
According to [[David McCutchion|David J. McCutchion]], historically the religious architecture in Bengal may be divided into three periods: the early Hindu period (up to the end of the 12th century, or may be a little later in certain areas), the Sultanate period (14th to early 16th century), the Hindu revival period (16th to 19th century). “The coming of the Muslims at the beginning of the 13th century marked a sharp break with the past. After an initial century of anarchy and consolidation, marked by iconoclastic destruction and militant ‘sufi’ proselytiising, Hindu chiefs and Muslim overlords settled down to some sort of compromise in a common front against | According to [[David McCutchion|David J. McCutchion]], historically the religious architecture in Bengal may be divided into three periods: the early Hindu period (up to the end of the 12th century, or may be a little later in certain areas), the Sultanate period (14th to early 16th century), the Hindu revival period (16th to 19th century). “The coming of the Muslims at the beginning of the 13th century marked a sharp break with the past. After an initial century of anarchy and consolidation, marked by iconoclastic destruction and militant ‘sufi’ proselytiising, Hindu chiefs and Muslim overlords settled down to some sort of compromise in a common front against Delhi... Bengal, as we know it today, became an independent entity for the first time. During the following two centuries a distinctive Bengali culture took shape.”<ref name="mccutchion">McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, pages 1-14, 19-22. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}</ref> | ||
The temples of the pre-Muslim period have nearly all disappeared and from the few that are there the predominant is the tall curvilinear ''[[Deula|rekha deul]]'', akin to the [[Kalinga architecture|Odishan]] style. Another type that is similar to styles in Odisha is the ''pirha''.<ref name="mccutchion"/> | The temples of the pre-Muslim period have nearly all disappeared and from the few that are there the predominant is the tall curvilinear ''[[Deula|rekha deul]]'', akin to the [[Kalinga architecture|Odishan]] style. Another type that is similar to styles in Odisha is the ''pirha''.<ref name="mccutchion"/> | ||
“Between the earlier and later Hindu periods astonishing religious changes took place in Bengal: the worship of [[Vishnu]] gave way to that of [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]], of [[Chamunda]] to that of [[Kali]]; [[Surya]] fell entirely out of favour; curious folk cults like that of [[Dharmathakur|Dharmaraja]] or Dakshina Raya arose.” There have also been changes in temple architecture. The ''rekha deul'' continues, the ''pirha'' has become rare, other old forms have disappeared. Two new styles are predominant – the hut (''chala'') style similar to the mud hut with a thatched roof and the pinnacled (''ratna'') style which is closest to Islamic traditions.<ref name="mccutchion"/><gallery> | “Between the earlier and later Hindu periods astonishing religious changes took place in Bengal: the worship of [[Vishnu]] gave way to that of [[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]], of [[Chamunda]] to that of [[Kali]]; [[Surya]] fell entirely out of favour; curious folk cults like that of [[Dharmathakur|Dharmaraja]] or Dakshina Raya arose.” There have also been changes in temple architecture. The ''rekha deul'' continues, the ''pirha'' has become rare, other old forms have disappeared. Two new styles are predominant – the hut (''chala'') style similar to the mud hut with a thatched roof and the pinnacled (''ratna'') style which is closest to Islamic traditions.<ref name="mccutchion"/><gallery> | ||
File:Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 12.jpg|Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 1 | File:Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 12.jpg|Classification of Bengal Temple Architecture 1 | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
[[File:Evolution of Temple Architecture in Bengal.jpg|thumb|Evolution of Temple Architecture in Bengal]] | [[File:Evolution of Temple Architecture in Bengal.jpg|thumb|Evolution of Temple Architecture in Bengal]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
File:The Tomb of Fateh Khan, Gaur, WB.jpg|''Do-chala'' tomb of Fateh Khan at [[Gauda (city)|Gauda]], Malda district – example of Muslim use of this style | File:The Tomb of Fateh Khan, Gaur, WB.jpg|''Do-chala'' tomb of Fateh Khan at [[Gauda (city)|Gauda]], Malda district – example of Muslim use of this style | ||
File:Terracotta panels of Char Bangla group of temples of Azimganj in Murshidabad district of West Bengal. 56.jpg|Char Bangla group of temples at [[Baranagar, Murshidabad|Baranagar]] in Murshidabad district are examples of ''ek-bangla'' temples | |||
File:Bishnupur IMG 0951.jpg|''Jor Bangla'' temple at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], Bankura district | File:Bishnupur IMG 0951.jpg|''Jor Bangla'' temple at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]], Bankura district | ||
File:Terracotta Temple at Palpara.jpg|''Char-chala'' temple at [[Palpara]], Nadia district | File:Terracotta Temple at Palpara.jpg|''Char-chala'' temple at [[Palpara]], Nadia district | ||
File:Aatchala Shantinath Shiva Temple at Gosaibazar area of Chandrakona Town in Paschim Medinipur 01.jpg|''At-chala'' Shantinath temple at [[Chandrakona]], Paschim Medinipur district | File:Aatchala Shantinath Shiva Temple at Gosaibazar area of Chandrakona Town in Paschim Medinipur 01.jpg|''At-chala'' Shantinath temple at [[Chandrakona]], Paschim Medinipur district | ||
File:Baro Chala temple of Buro Shiva at Jalsara under Ghatal Police Station in Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 05.jpg|''Baro-chala'' Buro Shiva temple at [[Jalshara]], Paschim Medinipur district | File:Baro Chala temple of Buro Shiva at Jalsara under Ghatal Police Station in Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 05.jpg|''Baro-chala'' Buro Shiva temple at [[Jalshara]], Paschim Medinipur district | ||
File:Kiriteswari_Temple.jpg|alt=Kiriteswari Temple, Murshidabad, West Bengal|[[Kiriteswari Temple]] at Kiritkona in Murshidabad district is a ''char-chala'' having curved cornice and with an ''ek-bangla'' porch | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 92: | Line 94: | ||
{{West Bengal}} | {{West Bengal}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Sacral architecture]] | ||
[[Category:Culture of West Bengal]] | [[Category:Culture of West Bengal]] | ||
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bangladesh]] | [[Category:Buildings and structures in Bangladesh]] | ||
[[Category:Hindu temple architecture]] | [[Category:Hindu temple architecture]] | ||
[[Category:Indian architectural styles]] | [[Category:Indian architectural styles]] | ||