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{{Short description|Fort in India}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox military | {{Infobox military installation | ||
| name = Prabalgad | | name = Prabalgad | ||
| native_name = प्रबळगड | | native_name = प्रबळगड | ||
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| height = | | height = | ||
| ownership = Government of India | | ownership = Government of India | ||
| controlledby = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire]] (1657) <br>{{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]] (1947-) | | controlledby = [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|33x30px]] [[Maratha Empire]] (1657) <br />{{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]] (1947-) | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Prabalgad''' (also known as '''Muranjan''', '''Pradhangad''' or '''Prabalmachi''') is a fort located between [[Matheran]] and [[Panvel]] and comes under the [[Raigad District]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. | '''Prabalgad''' (also known as '''Muranjan''', '''Pradhangad''' or '''Prabalmachi''') is a fort located between [[Matheran]] and [[Panvel]] and comes under the [[Raigad District]] in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. | ||
The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of {{Convert|2300|feet}} in the [[Western Ghats]]. The fort was previously known as ''Muranjan'' until it was taken over and renamed by the [[Maratha]] forces under [[Shivaji]]'s rule.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale|year=1978|publisher=Navakamal Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Its sister fort is [[Irshalgad]].<ref name=Offbeat>{{cite book | title=Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra | publisher=Popular Prakashan | author=Gunaji, Milind | year=2010 | pages=50–52 | isbn=9788179915783}}</ref> Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep [[Kalavantin Durg|Kalavantin pinnacle]]. | The Prabalgad Fort stands at an elevation of {{Convert|2300|feet}} in the [[Western Ghats]]. The fort was previously known as ''Muranjan'' until it was taken over and renamed by the [[Maratha]] forces under [[Chatrapati Shivaji]]'s rule.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chhatrapati Sambhaji|author=Kamal Shrikrishna Gokhale|year=1978|publisher=Navakamal Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=43gBAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Its sister fort is [[Irshalgad]].<ref name=Offbeat>{{cite book | title=Offbeat Tracks in Maharashtra | publisher=Popular Prakashan | author=Gunaji, Milind | year=2010 | pages=50–52 | isbn=9788179915783}}</ref> Right next to Prabalgad, to its north, lies the steep [[Kalavantin Durg|Kalavantin pinnacle]]. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The Prabalgad Fort was built by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] to keep an eye on the [[Karnala Fort|Panvel Fort]] and the [[Durgadi Fort|Kalyan Fort]] in the North Konkan area.{{ | The Prabalgad Fort was built by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] to keep an eye on the [[Karnala Fort|Panvel Fort]] and the [[Durgadi Fort|Kalyan Fort]] in the North Konkan area.{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} Around 1458 A.D, "Malik Ahmad" the prime minister of the kingdom of Ahmednagar, took over the fort during his conquest of Konkan.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Kingdom of Ahmadnagar|author=Radhey Shyam|year=1966|isbn=978-81-208-2651-9|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publisher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5C4hBqKdkEsC|page=28}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2019}} After disintegration of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]], the fort remained with the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]. | ||
During the collapse of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], [[Shahaji]] led a helping hand against the separate forces of the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]]. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife [[Jijabai]] and son [[Shivaji]] for a brief period of time. | During the collapse of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], [[Shahaji]] led a helping hand against the separate forces of the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Adil Shahi dynasty]]. After the collapse of the Sultanate, he moved to Muranjan along with his wife [[Jijabai]] and son [[Shivaji]] for a brief period of time. | ||
However, following [[Shahaji]]'s defeat and the agreement of [[Mahuli]], North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies , Volumes 7-9 | publisher=Institute of Historical Studies | year=1968 | pages=187}}</ref> Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]]-[[Bhivandi]] area.<ref name="new history">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXEfAAAAIAAJ&q | However, following [[Shahaji]]'s defeat and the agreement of [[Mahuli]], North Konkan along with the fort, was ceded to Mughals who granted ruling authority of the area to Adilshah of [[Bijapur]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies , Volumes 7-9 | publisher=Institute of Historical Studies | year=1968 | pages=187}}</ref> Shivaji conquered the fort from the Mughals in 1657 A.D, after which he established himself in the [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]]-[[Bhivandi]] area.<ref name="new history">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vXEfAAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad | title=New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707) | publisher=Phoenix Publications | author=Govind Sakharam Sardesai | year=1957 | pages=115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2um1AAAAIAAJ&q=Prabalgad | title=Life of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire , Volume 1 | publisher=Sunita Publications | author=Nilkant Sadashiv Takakhav, Kr̥shṇarāva Arjuna Keḷūsakara | year=1985 | pages=226–227}}</ref> | ||
During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657.<ref name="new history"/><ref>{{cite book| title= Shivaji and the Maratha art of war|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari|year=1973|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref>{{cite book | title=Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot | publisher=Orient Longmans | author=V. B. Kulkarni | year=1963 | pages=46}}</ref><ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best|author=Ambika Sharma|url=http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article§name=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip§id=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive. | During the attack by Shivaji, the fort was governed by "Kesar Singh", a Mughal sardar, and was the only fort to put up a strong resistance. Singh died during the battle in October 1657.<ref name="new history"/><ref>{{cite book| title= Shivaji and the Maratha art of war|author=Murlidhar Balkrishna Deopujari|year=1973|publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhan Mandal|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iF8MAAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Kesar Singh's mother hid herself and her grandchild during the attack. Shivaji, in an act of kindness made sure the lady and the child were allowed a safe passage out.<ref>{{cite book | title=Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot | publisher=Orient Longmans | author=V. B. Kulkarni | year=1963 | pages=46}}</ref><ref name=mumbaimirror>{{cite web|title=Prabalgad – Glory at its best|author=Ambika Sharma|url=http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article§name=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip§id=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130924144107/http://m.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?Page=article§name=Travel%20-%20Quick%20Trip§id=127&contentid=200904062009040613232881192e4a8f0|archive-date=24 September 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
In the year 1826, [[Umaji Naik]], a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time. {{citation needed|date=July 2017}} | In the year 1826, [[Umaji Naik]], a freedom fighter and his associates were believed to have made the fort as their home for a brief period of time. {{citation needed|date=July 2017}} | ||
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[[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book|author=Harish Kapadia|title=Trek the Sahyadris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1|pages=57–58}}</ref> | [[Kalavantin Durg]] is a 685m high pinnacle on the northern edge of the Prabal plateau. It is located near the Machi and near the Vajepur village.<ref name="Kapadia2004">{{cite book|author=Harish Kapadia|title=Trek the Sahyadris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oICZM5HKRbAC&pg=PA58|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-7387-151-1|pages=57–58}}</ref> | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Prabalgad has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October. | Prabalgad has a [[tropical monsoon climate]] (Am) with little to no rainfall from November to May and extremely heavy rainfall from June to September with moderately heavy showers in October. | ||
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|Nov precipitation mm=14 | |Nov precipitation mm=14 | ||
|Dec precipitation mm=3 | |Dec precipitation mm=3 | ||
|source 1 = <ref>https://en.climate-data.org/ | |source 1 = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Prabalgad Machi climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Prabalgad Machi weather averages - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/maharashtra/prabalgad-machi-527203/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||