Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus: Difference between revisions

{{redirect-distinguish|Victoria Terminus|Victoria station (disambiguation)}}

| image = Chhatrapati_shivaji_terminus,_esterno_01.jpg

| image_caption = [[Façade]] of the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

| location_town = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]

| image = Victoria Terminus on Republic Day eve.jpg

}}'''Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus''' (officially '''Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus''', formerly '''Victoria Terminus''', [[Bombay]] station code: '''CSTM''' ([[Indian Railways|mainline]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/pdf/Station_code.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |access-date=29 April 2019 |page=46 |year=2015}}</ref>/'''ST''' ([[Mumbai Suburban Railway|suburban]])), is a historic [[Train station#Terminus|railway terminus]] and [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]] in [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India.

The terminus was designed by a British born architectural engineer [[Frederick William Stevens]] from an initial design by [[Axel Haig]], in an exuberant [[Italian Gothic architecture|Italian Gothic]] style. Its construction began in 1878, in a location south of the old [[Bori Bunder railway station]],<ref name="mu2006">{{cite book |last=Aruṇa Ṭikekara |first=Aroon Tikekar |title=The cloister's pale: a biography of the University of Mumbai |year=2006 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=81-7991-293-0 |page=357 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dz9wl5vvKCAC}}Page 64</ref> and was completed in 1887, the year marking [[Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria|50 years of Queen Victoria's rule]].

In March 1996 the station name was changed from Victoria Terminus to "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus" (with station code CST) after [[Shivaji]], the 17th-century warrior king who employed [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla tactics]] to contest the [[Mughal Empire]] and found a new [[State (polity)|state]] in the western [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking regions of the [[Deccan Plateau]].<ref name="Eaton2019">{{cite book|last=Eaton|first=Richard M.|title=India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIF6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP198|date=25 July 2019|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-196655-7|pages=198–}} Quote: "Quote: "Amidst this fragmented political environment a new polity emerged in the Marathi-speaking western plateau. Its founder, the charismatic and politically gifted Maratha chieftain Shivaji Bhonsle (1630-80), repeatedly used courage and savvy to outmanoeuvre his adversaries."</ref><ref name="Kedourie2013">{{cite book|last=Kedourie|first=Elie|title=Nationalism in Asia and Africa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6wsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA71|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-27613-2|pages=71–}} Quote: "Tilak also inaugurated another cult by resuscitating the memory of Shivaji, the chieftain who had originally established Mahratta fortunes in contest with the Mughals."</ref><ref name="Subramaniam2016">{{cite book|last=Subramaniam|first=Arjun|title=India's Wars: A Military History, 1947-1971|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSlMDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT30|year=2016|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5177-750-2|pages=30–}} Quote: "Quote: First was the purely home-bred guerrilla force under Shivaji. The courageous and wily Maratha chieftain along with his successors and, subsequently, the Peshwas, defied the Mughals and other Muslim invaders for almost a century from the latter half of the seventeenth century and expanded the Maratha Empire till it covered much of the Indian heartland.</ref>

Shivaji's name is often preceded by "[[Chhatrapati]]", a title with literal meaning, "a king dignified by the emblem of a parasol; a great king."<ref name="McGregor1993-chatrapati">{{cite book|last=McGregor|first=Ronald Stuart|title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzMwAAAACAAJ&pg=PA338|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563846-2|page=338|chapter=छत्रपति chatrapati (n)}}</ref> In 2017, the station was again renamed "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus" (with code CSMT), where the title [[Maharaj]] has literal meaning, "Great king; emperor."<ref name="McGregor1993-maharaj">{{cite book|last=McGregor|first=Ronald Stuart|title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzMwAAAACAAJ&pg=PA800|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-563846-2|page=800|chapter=महाराज maharaj (n)}}</ref>  Both former initials "VT" and the current, "CST", are also commonly used.<ref>{{cite news |title=From VT to CST: Interesting facts about Mumbai's busiest railway station |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/victoria-terminus-cst-interesting-facts-mumbai-news-busiest-railway-station/17353184 |access-date=1 June 2019 |agency=Mid-day |date=20 June 2017}}</ref>

The terminus is the headquarters of India's [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]. It is one of the busiest railway stations in India,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-indias-impressive-railway-stations/20111013.htm |title=India's impressive railway stations |work=Rediff.com |date=13 October 2011 |access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref> serving as a terminal for both long-distance and [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|suburban]] trains.

* [[Timeline of Mumbai]]

 

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{{Commons category}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1888]]

[[Category:2008 Mumbai attacks]]