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At midnight on 12–13 February 1992, the [[Maoist Communist Centre of India]] (now the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]) killed 40 [[Bhumihar]]s at Bara Village near Gaya District of [[Bihar]], India.<ref name="bare_url">{{cite news | '''Bara massacre''' was a [[caste]] based carnage that took place in 1992 in Bihar. At midnight on 12–13 February 1992, the [[Maoist Communist Centre of India]] (now the [[Communist Party of India (Maoist)]]) killed 40 [[Bhumihar]]s at Bara Village near Gaya District of [[Bihar]], India.<ref name="bare_url">{{cite news | ||
| url = https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Death-sentence-for-three-Naxals-in-Bara-massacre-case/articleshow/4113819.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429121142/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Death-sentence-for-three-Naxals-in-Bara-massacre-case/articleshow/4113819.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=29 April 2021 | | url = https://m.timesofindia.com/india/Death-sentence-for-three-Naxals-in-Bara-massacre-case/articleshow/4113819.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429121142/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Death-sentence-for-three-Naxals-in-Bara-massacre-case/articleshow/4113819.cms?from=mdr|archive-date=29 April 2021 | ||
| title = Death sentence for three Naxals in Bara massacre case | | title = Death sentence for three Naxals in Bara massacre case | ||
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| location = | | location = | ||
| date = February 1992 | | date = February 1992 | ||
| partof = | | partof = | ||
| map = | | map = | ||
| coordinates = | | coordinates = | ||
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==Trigger== | ==Trigger== | ||
The massacre which targeted primarily | The massacre which targeted primarily Bhumihars community, was a deleterious consequence of the caste based violent identity politics which is strategically named in India as "social justice politics", unleashed by [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]] in Bihar. According to an ''[[India Today]]'' report, the [[Yadav]] leaders were openly preaching vendetta against the Bhumihars after the "Barsingha massacre" in which ten [[Dalit|Dalits]] were killed by "Swarna Liberation Front", a caste army of Bhumihar landlords.The [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leaders claimed that the MCC, though composed primarily of Dalits, has linkages to Janata Dal and Yadavs.<ref name="today">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920315-caste-wars-acquire-new-dimension-in-bihar-with-massacre-of-37-bhumihars-765976-2013-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110101211/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920315-caste-wars-acquire-new-dimension-in-bihar-with-massacre-of-37-bhumihars-765976-2013-06-24 |title=caste-wars-acquire-new-dimension-in-bihar-with-massacre-of-37-bhumihars|first=Farzand|last=Ahmed|website=[[India Today ]]|accessdate=2020-08-12|archive-date=10 January 2021}}</ref> According to a report of ''[[Indian Express]]'':- | ||
{{quote|"The Bara massacre, in which MCC (now CPI-Maoist) members killed 34 Bhumihars, was part of a string of caste clashes in the area. The 1992 massacre itself was believed to be the fallout of six previous killings in 1990-91 in which 59 Scheduled Caste men and agricultural labourers were killed."<ref name="exp"/> }} | {{quote|"The Bara massacre, in which MCC (now CPI-Maoist) members killed 34 Bhumihars, was part of a string of caste clashes in the area. The 1992 massacre itself was believed to be the fallout of six previous killings in 1990-91 in which 59 Scheduled Caste men and agricultural labourers were killed."<ref name="exp"/> }} | ||
The upper caste killed 58 [[Dalit]]s in "Laxmanpur Bathe" in response to the attack.<ref name="exp">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bara-massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases-2788339/|title=Bara massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425185221/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bara-massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases-2788339/ |first=Santosh|last=Singh|website=[[Indian Express]]|archive-date=25 April 2021|accessdate=2020-08-12}}</ref> | The upper caste killed 58 [[Dalit]]s in "Laxmanpur Bathe" in response to the attack.<ref name="exp">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bara-massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases-2788339/|title=Bara massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425185221/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/bara-massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases-2788339/ |first=Santosh|last=Singh|website=[[Indian Express]]|archive-date=25 April 2021|accessdate=2020-08-12}}</ref> | ||
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After a prolonged trial, nine people were convicted by the Court of District and Sessions Judge, Gaya, Jawaharlal Chaudhary, in its judgment and order dated 8 June 2001.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The court handed down death sentences to Nanhe Lal Mochi, Krishna Mochi, Bir Kuer Paswan and Dharmendra Singh, life sentences to Bihari Manjhi, Ramavtar Dussadh, Rajendra Paswan and Vakil Yadav, and imprisonment to Rabindra Singh.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The Supreme Court confirmed the death sentences on 15 April 2002.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> | After a prolonged trial, nine people were convicted by the Court of District and Sessions Judge, Gaya, Jawaharlal Chaudhary, in its judgment and order dated 8 June 2001.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The court handed down death sentences to Nanhe Lal Mochi, Krishna Mochi, Bir Kuer Paswan and Dharmendra Singh, life sentences to Bihari Manjhi, Ramavtar Dussadh, Rajendra Paswan and Vakil Yadav, and imprisonment to Rabindra Singh.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The Supreme Court confirmed the death sentences on 15 April 2002.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> | ||
In further trials Gaya District and Sessions Judge Daroga Prasad designated the special [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act|TADA]] judge, pronounced Vyas Kahar, Naresh Paswan and Yugal Mochi of the Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) guilty of involvement and were to death.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The court acquitted Tyagi Mahto, Vijay Yadav and Madhusudan Sharma, on the grounds that the prosecution had failed to prove the charges beyond a reasonable doubt.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The four convicts | In further trials Gaya District and Sessions Judge Daroga Prasad designated the special [[Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act|TADA]] judge, pronounced Vyas Kahar, Naresh Paswan and Yugal Mochi of the Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) guilty of involvement and were to death.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The court acquitted Tyagi Mahto, Vijay Yadav and Madhusudan Sharma, on the grounds that the prosecution had failed to prove the charges beyond a reasonable doubt.<ref name="bare_url" /><ref name="bare_url_a" /> The death sentence of the four convicts, Krishna Mochi, Nanhe Lal Mochi, Bir Kuer Paswan and Dharmendra Singh, was later commuted by President Pranab Mukherjee on 1 January 2017, as the result of a mercy petition.<ref name=Mukherji>{{cite web|url=http://m.huffingtonpost.in/2017/01/24/president-pranab-mukerjee-clears-all-32-mercy-petitions-pending_a_21661548/|title=president-pranab-mukerjee-clears-all-32-mercy-petitions-pending|website= huffingtonpost|accessdate=2020-08-12}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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{{coord missing|Bihar}} | {{coord missing|Bihar}} | ||
[[Category:1992 | [[Category:1992 murders in India]] | ||
[[Category:Massacres in 1992]] | [[Category:Massacres in 1992]] | ||
[[Category:February 1992 events in Asia]] | [[Category:February 1992 events in Asia]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:41, 18 June 2022
Bara massacre was a caste based carnage that took place in 1992 in Bihar. At midnight on 12–13 February 1992, the Maoist Communist Centre of India (now the Communist Party of India (Maoist)) killed 40 Bhumihars at Bara Village near Gaya District of Bihar, India.[1][2] The MCC's armed group brought the 35 men of Bara village to the bank of a nearby canal, tied their hands and slit their throats.[1][2] As many as 36 people were accused of the crime, but charges were framed against only 13. The police failed to arrest the others, who had defied their summons.[1][2]
| Bara Massacre[3][4] | |
|---|---|
| Date | February 1992 |
| Deaths | 35-40 killed |
| Victims | Bhumihars |
| Perpetrators | Maoist Communist Centre unit containing Schedule Castes and OBC |
Trigger[edit | edit source]
The massacre which targeted primarily Bhumihars community, was a deleterious consequence of the caste based violent identity politics which is strategically named in India as "social justice politics", unleashed by Lalu Prasad Yadav in Bihar. According to an India Today report, the Yadav leaders were openly preaching vendetta against the Bhumihars after the "Barsingha massacre" in which ten Dalits were killed by "Swarna Liberation Front", a caste army of Bhumihar landlords.The Congress leaders claimed that the MCC, though composed primarily of Dalits, has linkages to Janata Dal and Yadavs.[4] According to a report of Indian Express:-
"The Bara massacre, in which MCC (now CPI-Maoist) members killed 34 Bhumihars, was part of a string of caste clashes in the area. The 1992 massacre itself was believed to be the fallout of six previous killings in 1990-91 in which 59 Scheduled Caste men and agricultural labourers were killed."[5]
The upper caste killed 58 Dalits in "Laxmanpur Bathe" in response to the attack.[5]
Trial and aftermath[edit | edit source]
After a prolonged trial, nine people were convicted by the Court of District and Sessions Judge, Gaya, Jawaharlal Chaudhary, in its judgment and order dated 8 June 2001.[1][2] The court handed down death sentences to Nanhe Lal Mochi, Krishna Mochi, Bir Kuer Paswan and Dharmendra Singh, life sentences to Bihari Manjhi, Ramavtar Dussadh, Rajendra Paswan and Vakil Yadav, and imprisonment to Rabindra Singh.[1][2] The Supreme Court confirmed the death sentences on 15 April 2002.[1][2]
In further trials Gaya District and Sessions Judge Daroga Prasad designated the special TADA judge, pronounced Vyas Kahar, Naresh Paswan and Yugal Mochi of the Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) guilty of involvement and were to death.[1][2] The court acquitted Tyagi Mahto, Vijay Yadav and Madhusudan Sharma, on the grounds that the prosecution had failed to prove the charges beyond a reasonable doubt.[1][2] The death sentence of the four convicts, Krishna Mochi, Nanhe Lal Mochi, Bir Kuer Paswan and Dharmendra Singh, was later commuted by President Pranab Mukherjee on 1 January 2017, as the result of a mercy petition.[3]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 PTI (Press Trust of India) (11 February 2009). "Death sentence for three Naxals in Bara massacre case". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Zee News (11 February 2009). "Death sentence for three Naxals in Bara massacre case". Zee. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "president-pranab-mukerjee-clears-all-32-mercy-petitions-pending". huffingtonpost. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ahmed, Farzand. "caste-wars-acquire-new-dimension-in-bihar-with-massacre-of-37-bhumihars". India Today . Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Singh, Santosh. "Bara massacre-after-15-years-on-death-row-families-of-accused-say-theyve-lost-track-of-their-cases". Indian Express. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2020.