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{{Indic | {{Infobox Indic letter |letname = U | ||
|bengcp = 0989 |bengimg = Bengali Letter U.svg | |||
|tibtcp = 0F68;ུ |tibtimg = Tibetan U.svg | |||
|bengcp = 0989 | |tamlcp = 0B89 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-உஉ.svg | ||
|mlymcp = 0D09 | |||
| | |sinhcp = 0D8B | ||
|brahcp = 11009 |ashokaimg = Brahmi u.svg | |||
|devacp = 0909 |devaimg = Devanagari u.svg | |||
| hbchar = ו | |||
| grchar = Ϝ (Ϛ), Υ (Ȣ) | |||
| lachar = F, V, U, W, Y, Ⅎ | |||
|sinhcp = 0D8B | | cychar = Ѕ, У (Ꙋ), Ѵ, Ю | ||
|ipa = u |ipa2 = ʊ |iast = ū |iscii = A8 | |||
|brahcp = 11009 | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|ipa = u |iast = ū |iscii = A8 | |||
}} | }} | ||
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==Āryabhaṭa numeration== | ==Āryabhaṭa numeration== | ||
{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}} | {{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}} | ||
[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The उ sign ु was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|4}}, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|url=https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra/page/n468 447]–450}}</ref> | [[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The उ sign ु was used to modify a consonant's value {{e|4}}, but the vowel letter did not have an inherent value by itself.<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|url=https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra|url-access=limited|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universalhistory00ifra/page/n468 447]–450}}</ref> | ||
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===Brahmi U=== | ===Brahmi U=== | ||
The Brahmi letter U [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]], is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Waw (letter)|Waw]] [[File:Waw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[F]], [[V]], [[U]], [[W]], [[Y]] and Greek [[Upsilon]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |year=1898 |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi U can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. | |||
The Brahmi letter U [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]], is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the altered Aramaic [[Waw (letter)|Waw]] [[File:Waw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[F]], [[V]], [[U]], [[W]], [[Y]] and Greek [[Upsilon]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |accessdate=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi U can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style. | |||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|+Brahmi U historic forms | |+Brahmi U historic forms | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Ashoka<br />([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" ( | !Ashoka<br />([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd–1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar<br />(~150 BCE) !! Kushana<br />([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat<br />(~250 CE) !! Gupta<br />([[Gupta script|~350 CE]]) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[File:Brahmi u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad u.svg|37px]] | | [[File:Brahmi u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat u.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad u.svg|37px]] | ||
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===Tocharian U=== | ===Tocharian U=== | ||
The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter u.gif|25px|U]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]]. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. | The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter u.gif|25px|U]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]]. Unlike some of the consonants, Tocharian vowels do not have a [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form. | ||
{|class="wikitable" | {|class="wikitable" | ||
|+Tocharian consonants with U vowel marks | |+Tocharian consonants with U vowel marks | ||
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===Kharoṣṭhī U=== | ===Kharoṣṭhī U=== | ||
The Kharoṣṭhī letter U is indicated with the vowel mark [[File:Буква U (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi vowel sign U.svg|15px|U]]. As an independent vowel, U is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter [[A (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī A|A]] [[File:Буква А (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter A.svg|15px|A]]. | The Kharoṣṭhī letter U is indicated with the vowel mark [[File:Буква U (залежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi vowel sign U.svg|15px|U]]. As an independent vowel, U is indicated by adding the vowel marks to the independent vowel letter [[A (Indic)#Kharoṣṭhī A|A]] [[File:Буква А (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter A.svg|15px|A]]. | ||
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===Devanagari Using Languages=== | ===Devanagari Using Languages=== | ||
The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[ | The Devanagari script is used to write the [[Hindi language]], [[Sanskrit]] and the majority of [[Indo-Aryan languages]]. In most of these languages, उ is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|u|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. <!-- In addition to the standard vowel sign, X forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant X: | ||
* () + () gives the ligature : | * () + () gives the ligature : | ||
[[File: Devanagari letter X.svg|100px]]--> | [[File: Devanagari letter X.svg|100px]]--> | ||
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| footer = Bengali independent U and U vowel sign. | | footer = Bengali independent U and U vowel sign. | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''U''' ('''উ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham u.svg|13px|U]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, उ. | '''U''' ('''উ''') is a vowel of the [[Bengali script|Bengali]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham u.svg|13px|U]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, उ. | ||
===Bengali Script Using Languages=== | ===Bengali Script Using Languages=== | ||
The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. In most languages, উ is pronounced as {{IPA-bn|u|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. <!-- In addition to the standard vowel sign, X forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant X: | The Bengali script is used to write several languages of eastern India, notably the [[Bengali language]] and [[Assamese language|Assamese]]. In most languages, উ is pronounced as {{IPA-bn|u|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Bengali vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ɔ/ vowel. <!-- In addition to the standard vowel sign, X forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant X: | ||
* () + () gives the ligature : | * () + () gives the ligature : | ||
[[File: Bengali letter X.svg|100px]]--> | [[File: Bengali letter X.svg|100px]]--> | ||
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===Gujarati-using Languages=== | ===Gujarati-using Languages=== | ||
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઉ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|u|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, U forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant R: | The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, ઉ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|u|}}. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati vowels come in two forms: an independent vowel form for syllables that begin with a vowel sound, and a vowel sign attached to base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel. In addition to the standard vowel sign, U forms a unique ligature when combined with the consonant R: | ||
* ર (r) + ઉ (u) gives the ligature ru: | * ર (r) + ઉ (u) gives the ligature ru: | ||
[[File:Gujarati letter Ru.svg|100px]] | [[File:Gujarati letter Ru.svg|100px]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''U''' ('''ఉ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಉ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. | '''U''' ('''ఉ''') is a vowel of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ಉ'''. Like in other Indic scripts, Telugu vowels have two forms: and independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of Telugu consonant letters. Vowel signs in Telugu can interact with a base consonant in one of three ways: 1) the vowel sign touches or sits adjacent to the base consonant without modifying the shape of either 2) the vowel sign sits directly above the consonant, replacing its v-shaped headline, 3) the vowel sign and consonant interact, forming a ligature. | ||
[[File:Telugu U matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu U vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Ku, Khu, Gu, Ghu and Ngu. As a right-side attaching vowel mark, it does not alter the shape of the underlying consonant, although there are variants of the vowel mark that attach in different ways.]] | [[File:Telugu U matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Telugu U vowel sign on క, ఖ, గ, ఘ & ఙ: Ku, Khu, Gu, Ghu and Ngu. As a right-side attaching vowel mark, it does not alter the shape of the underlying consonant, although there are variants of the vowel mark that attach in different ways.]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''U''' ('''ഉ''') is a vowel of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha vowel U.svg|x15px|U]] ''u''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. Some vowel signs, such as U, can also form a ligature with some consonants, although this is much more common in old-style ''paḻaya lipi'' texts than in the modern [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|reformed]] ''paḻaya lipi'' orthography. | '''U''' ('''ഉ''') is a vowel of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha vowel U.svg|x15px|U]] ''u''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Malayalam usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. Some vowel signs, such as U, can also form a ligature with some consonants, although this is much more common in old-style ''paḻaya lipi'' texts than in the modern [[Malayalam script#Orthography reform|reformed]] ''paḻaya lipi'' orthography. | ||
[[File:Malayalam U matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam U vowel sign on ക, ഖ, ഗ, ഘ, & ങ: Ku, Khu, Gu, Ghu and Ngu in ''paḻaya lipi''.]] | [[File:Malayalam U matra.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam U vowel sign on ക, ഖ, ഗ, ഘ, & ങ: Ku, Khu, Gu, Ghu and Ngu in ''paḻaya lipi''.]] | ||
==Odia U== | ==Odia U== | ||
[[File:Odia alphabet ଉ.svg|thumb|Odia independent vowel and vowel sign U.]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
'''U''' ('''ଉ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham u.svg|x15px|U]] ''u''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. | '''U''' ('''ଉ''') is a vowel of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi u.svg|13px|U]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham u.svg|x15px|U]] ''u''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia vowels have two forms: an independent letter for word and syllable-initial vowel sounds, and a vowel sign for changing the inherent "a" of consonant letters. Vowel signs in Odia usually sit adjacent to its base consonant - below, to the left, right, or both left and right, but are always pronounced after the consonant sound. No base consonants are altered in form when adding a vowel sign, and there are no consonant+vowel ligatures in Odia. | ||
<!-- | <!-- | ||
==Gurmukhi== | ==Gurmukhi== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tamil== | ==Tamil== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Kannada== | ==Kannada== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Sinhala== | ==Sinhala== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Thai== | ==Thai== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Lao== | ==Lao== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tibetan== | ==Tibetan== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Burmese== | ==Burmese== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Khmer== | ==Khmer== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Philippine == | ==Philippine == | ||
===Baybayin (Telugu)=== | ===Baybayin (Telugu)=== | ||
===Hanunoo=== | ===Hanunoo=== | ||
===Buhid=== | ===Buhid=== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tagbanwa== | ==Tagbanwa== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Lontara== | ==Lontara== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Balinese== | ==Balinese== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Sundanese== | ==Sundanese== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Limbu== | ==Limbu== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tai Le== | ==Tai Le== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==New Tai Lue== | ==New Tai Lue== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Lepcha== | ==Lepcha== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Saurashtra== | ==Saurashtra== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Rejang== | ==Rejang== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Cham== | ==Cham== | ||
--><!-- | --><!-- | ||
==Tai Viet== | ==Tai Viet== | ||
===Low=== | ===Low=== | ||
===High=== | ===High=== | ||
--> | --> | ||
{{clear}} | {{clear}} | ||
==Comparison of U== | |||
The various Indic scripts are generally related to each other through adaptation and borrowing, and as such the glyphs for cognate letters, including U, are related as well. | |||
{{Indic glyph |letname = U | |||
|devacp = 0909 |devaimg = Devanagari u.svg | |||
|bengcp = 0989 |bengimg = Bengali Letter U.svg | |||
|tamlcp = 0B89 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-உஉ.svg | |||
|telucp = 0C09 | |||
|oryacp = 0B09 | |||
|kndacp = 0C89 | |||
|mlymcp = 0D09 | |||
|gujrcp = 0A89 | |||
|gurucp = 0A09 | |||
|brahcp = 11009 |ashokaimg = Brahmi u.svg | |||
|kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka u.svg | |||
|guptaimg = Gupta allahabad u.svg | |||
|kharcp = 10A02 | |||
|siddcp = 11584 |siddimg = Siddham u.svg | |||
|grancp = 11309 | |||
|tibtcp = 0F68;ུ |tibtimg = Tibetan U.svg | |||
|phagcp = A85F | |||
|zanbcp = 11A03 | |||
|newacp = 11404 | |||
|bhkscp = 11C04 | |||
|shrdcp = 11187 | |||
|mymrcp = 1025 | |||
|lanacp = 1A4F | |||
|lana2cp = 1A69 | |||
|talucp = 19B3 | |||
|khmrcp = 17A7 | |||
|khmr2cp = 17BB | |||
|laoocp = 0EB8 | |||
|thaicp = 0E38 | |||
|tavtcp = AAB4 | |||
|sinhcp = 0D8B | |||
|kalicp = A928 | |||
|cakmcp = 11105 | |||
|talecp = 1967 | |||
|ahomcp = 11724 | |||
|diakcp = 11904 | |||
|saurcp = A886 | |||
|chamcp = AA02 | |||
|modicp = 11604 | |||
|nandcp = 119A4 | |||
|soyocp = 11A53 | |||
|sylocp = A803 | |||
|gongcp = 11D64 | |||
|kthicp = 11087 | |||
|tirhcp = 11485 | |||
|lepccp = 1C2A | |||
|limbcp = 1922 | |||
|mteicp = ABE8 | |||
|marccp = 11CB2 | |||
|takrcp = 11684 | |||
|dogrcp = 11804 | |||
|khojcp = 11203 | |||
|sindcp = 112B4 | |||
|mahjcp = 11152 | |||
|multcp = 11282 | |||
|balicp = 1B09 | |||
|batkcp = 1BE5 | |||
|bugicp = 1A18 | |||
|javacp = A988 | |||
|makacp = 11EF4 | |||
|rjngcp = A948 | |||
|sundcp = 1B85 | |||
|tglgcp = 1702 | |||
|tagbcp = 1762 | |||
|buhdcp = 1742 | |||
|hanocp = 1722 | |||
|gonmcp = 11D04 | |||
|tochimg = Tocharian letter u.gif | |||
| armiimg = Waw.svg | |||
| plavaimg = Pallava U.svg | |||
| ranjimg = Ranjana u.svg | |||
}} | |||
==Character encodings of U== | |||
Most Indic scripts are encoded in the [[Unicode Standard]], and as such the letter U in those scripts can be represented in plain text with unique codepoint. U from several modern-use scripts can also be found in legacy encodings, such as [[ISCII]]. | |||
{{Indic encoding |= U | |||
|devacp = 0909 |devaimg = Devanagari u.svg | |||
|bengcp = 0989 |bengimg = Bengali Letter U.svg | |||
|tamlcp = 0B89 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-உஉ.svg | |||
|telucp = 0C09 | |||
|oryacp = 0B09 | |||
|kndacp = 0C89 | |||
|mlymcp = 0D09 | |||
|gujrcp = 0A89 | |||
|gurucp = 0A09 | |||
|iscii = A8 | |||
|brahcp = 11009 |ashokaimg = Brahmi u.svg | |||
|kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka u.svg | |||
|guptaimg = Gupta allahabad u.svg | |||
<!-- |kharcp = 10A02 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|siddcp = 11584 |siddimg = Siddham u.svg | |||
|grancp = 11309 | |||
<!-- |tibtcp = 0F74 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|phagcp = A85F | |||
<!-- |zanbcp = 11A03 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|newacp = 11404 | |||
|bhkscp = 11C04 | |||
|shrdcp = 11187 | |||
|mymrcp = 1025 | |||
|lanacp = 1A4F | |||
<!-- |lana2cp = 1A69 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |talucp = 19B3 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|khmrcp = 17A7 | |||
<!-- |khmr2cp = 17BB -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |laoocp = 0EB8 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |thaicp = 0E38 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |tavtcp = AAB4 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|sinhcp = 0D8B | |||
<!-- |kalicp = A928 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|cakmcp = 11105 | |||
|talecp = 1967 | |||
<!-- |ahomcp = 11724 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|diakcp = 11904 | |||
|saurcp = A886 | |||
|chamcp = AA02 | |||
|modicp = 11604 | |||
|nandcp = 119A4 | |||
|soyocp = 11A53 | |||
|sylocp = A803 | |||
|gongcp = 11D64 | |||
|kthicp = 11087 | |||
|tirhcp = 11485 | |||
<!-- |lepccp = 1C2A -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |limbcp = 1922 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |mteicp = ABE8 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |marccp = 11CB2 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|takrcp = 11684 | |||
|dogrcp = 11804 | |||
|khojcp = 11203 | |||
|sindcp = 112B4 | |||
|mahjcp = 11152 | |||
|multcp = 11282 | |||
|balicp = 1B09 | |||
|batkcp = 1BE5 | |||
<!-- |bugicp = 1A18 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|javacp = A988 | |||
<!-- |makacp = 11EF4 -- vowel mark --> | |||
<!-- |rjngcp = A948 -- vowel mark --> | |||
|sundcp = 1B85 | |||
|tglgcp = 1702 | |||
|tagbcp = 1762 | |||
|buhdcp = 1742 | |||
|hanocp = 1722 | |||
|gonmcp = 11D04 | |||
}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Devanagari_abugida}} | {{Devanagari_abugida}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:U (Indic)}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:U (Indic)}} | ||
[[Category:Indic letters]] | [[Category:Indic letters]] | ||