M. Karunanidhi: Difference between revisions

M. Karunanidhi (edit)

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 A one man [[Sarkaria Commission]] was established in February 1976 under Supreme Court judge [[Ranjit Singh Sarkaria]], shortly after the Indira Gandhi government ousted the DMK administration after allegations of corruption were made by opposition leader MGR. DMK tried to make out that the investigation was an act of political vendetta. The Sarkaria commission described the evidence on the claims as "cogent, convincing, and reliable."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/on-scientific-corruption-and-recommendation-letters/article29102489.ece|title=On scientific corruption and 'recommendation letters'|first=D. Suresh|last=Kumar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 16, 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770415-sarkaria-commission-karunanidhi-partially-guilty-823648-2014-08-04|title=Sarkaria Commission: Karunanidhi partially guilty|first1=india today digital|last1=August 4|first2=2014 ISSUE DATE|last2=April 15|first3=1977UPDATED|last3=March 25|first4=2015 13:31|last4=Ist|website=India Today}}</ref> Although none of the corruption charges against him were proved.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/karunanidhi-a-visionary-and-a-reformist-pushing-for-social-justice-biographer-vasanthi/1823441|title=Karunanidhi a visionary and a reformist pushing for social justice: Biographer Vasanthi|website=https://www.outlookindia.com/}}</ref>
-== Leader of the opposition (1977 – 1989) ==
+== Leader of the opposition (1977 – 1983) ==
-AIADMK led alliance won 34 seats out of 39 seats in the [[1977 Indian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/mar/03/emergency-period-interval-block-for-tamil-nadu-politics-as-admk-enters-fray-1945975.html|title=Emergency period: Interval block for Tamil Nadu politics as ADMK enters fray|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Top party figures such as general secretary K. Rajaram, Nedunchezhiyan and S. Madhavan quit accusing Karunanidhi for the DMK's failure in the general elections and demanded Karunanidhi to resign as the party's leader.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> Later, DMK lost the [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], Karunanidhi won from Anna Nagar consistency and became the leader of the opposition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2018/08/08033353/1083340/Golden-moments-of-glorious-M-Karunanidhi.vpf|title=Golden moments of glorious M Karunanidhi|date=August 8, 2018|website=dtNext.in}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />
+AIADMK led alliance won 34 seats out of 39 seats in the [[1977 Indian general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2019/mar/03/emergency-period-interval-block-for-tamil-nadu-politics-as-admk-enters-fray-1945975.html|title=Emergency period: Interval block for Tamil Nadu politics as ADMK enters fray|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Top party figures such as general secretary Nedunchezhiyan, Rajaram and S. Madhavan quit accusing Karunanidhi for the DMK's failure in the general elections and demanded Karunanidhi to resign as the party's leader.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> Later, DMK lost the [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], Karunanidhi won from Anna Nagar consistency and became the leader of the opposition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2018/08/08033353/1083340/Golden-moments-of-glorious-M-Karunanidhi.vpf|title=Golden moments of glorious M Karunanidhi|date=August 8, 2018|website=dtNext.in}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />
 On October 29, 1977, DMK supporters brandished black flags and yelled "Go back, Indira!" as she exited the [[Madras Airport|Madras airport]] for dissolving the DMK government in1975. Indira Gandhi's vehicle was unable to pass through the black flag barrier in [[Madurai]]. Karunanidhi violated the police prohibition in Madras and led protests in [[Guindy]]. Karunanidhi and 28 other DMK leaders were detained the next day and were held in judicial custody.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/black-flag-dmks-brahmastra-that-never-missed-the-mark/articleshow/63790557.cms|title=Black flag: DMK's 'brahmastra' that never missed the mark &#124; Chennai News - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="frontlineMilestones" />
-MGR offered a kind hand to the [[Morarji Desai]] government, while Karunanidhi renewed his alliance with Indira Gandhi. When Indira returned to power following the untimely end of Desai's government, she lost no time in dissolving MGR's cabinet. In the [[1980 Indian general election]] and [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], the state voted in favour of the AIADMK. MGR was re-elected as Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2021/03/03172742/1278460/The-Road-To-Tamil-Nadu-Elections-2021.vpf|title=The Road To Tamil Nadu Elections 2021|date=March 3, 2021|website=dtNext.in}}</ref> Karunanidhi was elected from [[Anna Nagar (state assembly constituency)|Anna Nagar consistency]] again.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" />
+MGR offered a kind hand to the [[Morarji Desai]] government, while Karunanidhi renewed his alliance with Indira Gandhi. When Indira returned to power following the untimely end of Desai's government, she lost no time in dissolving MGR's cabinet. In the [[1980 Indian general election]] and [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], the state voted in favour of the AIADMK. MGR was re-elected as Chief Minister.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/News/TopNews/2021/03/03172742/1278460/The-Road-To-Tamil-Nadu-Elections-2021.vpf|title=The Road To Tamil Nadu Elections 2021|date=March 3, 2021|website=dtNext.in}}</ref> Karunanidhi was elected from [[Anna Nagar (state assembly constituency)|Anna Nagar consistency]] again.<ref name="frontlineMilestones" /> In February 1982, Karunanidhi embarked on a week-long [[padayatra]] from Madurai to Tiruchendur, spanning about 200 kilometres, in order to seek 'justice' for Subramania Pillai, a [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] (HR&CE) officer who was found dead in November 1980. There were allegations that he was assassinated to cover financial misappropriation in the [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur|Tiruchendur temple]]. While Chief Minister MGR said the victim died by suicide, the DMK claimed it was an assassination. Karunanidhi walked over 30 kilometres during the day with a large crowd of cadres and leaders, stopping for lunch in small towns along the way. He gave public speeches in the evenings. The number of persons joining the padayatra grew by the day, and it became a topic of conversation in every family. The ruling government alarmed by the DMK's support, appointed a one-man committee chaired by retired judge C.J.R. Paul. The conclusions of the panel were never presented to the Assembly. Karunanidhi was able to obtain a copy of the study and disclosed it to the public in 1982 which revealed the panel's conclusion that Pillai had not committed suicide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-long-march-for-justice/article24637350.ece|title=A long march for 'justice'|first=L.|last=Srikrishna|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 9, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
+== DMK Leader (1983-1989) ==
 Karunanidhi and DMK general secretary [[K. Anbazhagan]] resigned from the State Assembly soon after the [[Black July|1983 anti-Tamil riots in Sri Lanka]] in protest of the union government and state's failure to defend the [[Eelam tamils|Eelam Tamils]] in Sri Lanka. In May 1986, Karunanidhi established the [[Tamil Eelam Supporters Organization|Tamil Eelam Supporters Organisation]] (TESO) and held a major national conclave in Madurai to promote the Tamil aspiration for self-determination in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/m-karunanidhi-a-lifelong-warrior-for-sri-lankan-tamil-cause-but-misunderstood-in-the-end/article24548728.ece|title=M. Karunanidhi: A lifelong warrior for Sri Lankan Tamil cause, but misunderstood in the end|first=K.|last=Venkataramanan|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 7, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2020/mar/07/from-tiruvarur-to-marina-the-platinum-jubilee-friendship-of-karunanidhi-and-anbazhagan-2113692.html|title=From Tiruvarur to Marina: The platinum jubilee friendship of Karunanidhi and Anbazhagan|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
-In February 1982, Karunanidhi embarked on a week-long [[padayatra]] from Madurai to Tiruchendur, spanning about 200 kilometres, in order to seek 'justice' for Subramania Pillai, a [[Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department]] (HR&CE) officer who was found dead in November 1980. There were allegations that he was assassinated to cover financial misappropriation in the [[Subramaniya Swamy Temple, Tiruchendur|Tiruchendur temple]]. While Chief Minister MGR said the victim died by suicide, the DMK claimed it was an assassination. Karunanidhi walked over 30 kilometres during the day with a large crowd of cadres and leaders, stopping for lunch in small towns along the way. He gave public speeches in the evenings. The number of persons joining the padayatra grew by the day, and it became a topic of conversation in every family. The ruling government alarmed by the DMK's support, appointed a one-man committee chaired by retired judge C.J.R. Paul. The conclusions of the panel were never presented to the Assembly. Karunanidhi was able to obtain a copy of the study and disclosed it to the public in 1982 which revealed the panel's conclusion that Pillai had not committed suicide.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-long-march-for-justice/article24637350.ece|title=A long march for 'justice'|first=L.|last=Srikrishna|newspaper=The Hindu|date=August 9, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
 Soon after AIADMK's election win in 1980, Congress abandoned its ally DMK and allied with AIADMK. The 1984 elections took place against the backdrop of Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi's assassination]]. In December 1984, contested as allies in both Lok Sabha and the State Assembly which conducted together and were carried to victory by the sympathy generated for Indira Gandhi and MGR who was undergoing a Kidney transplant in New york. After being voted to the legislative council in April 1984, Karunanidhi decided to skip the elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/apr/28/from-the-archives-when-mgr-sailed-on-sympathy-in1984-polls-2295720.html|title=From the archives: When MGR sailed on sympathy in 1984 polls|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/dravidian-chronicles-1984-year-karunanidhi-skipped-election-42683|title=Dravidian Chronicles: 1984- The year Karunanidhi skipped an election|date=May 4, 2016|website=The News Minute}}</ref> In 1986, the MLC was however abolished by the then Chief Minister, the late MG Ramachandran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefederal.com/states/south/tamil-nadu/debate-over-reviving-tns-madras-legislative-council-hots-up/|title=Debate over reviving Tamil Nadu Legislative Council hots up|date=April 11, 2021|website=The Federal}}</ref>